Fulltext

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

James SL 1 , Castle CD 2 , Dingels ZV 2 , Fox JT 2 , Hamilton EB 2 , Liu Z 2 Show all authors , S Roberts NL 2 , Sylte DO 2 , Henry NJ 2 , LeGrand KE 2 , Abdelalim A 3 , Abdoli A 4 , Abdollahpour I 5 , Abdulkader RS 6 , Abedi A 7 , Abosetugn AE 8 , Abushouk AI 9 , Adebayo OM 10 , Agudelo-Botero M 11 , Ahmad T 12 , Ahmed R 13 , Ahmed MB 14 , Eddine Aichour MT 15 , Alahdab F 16 , Alamene GM 17 , Alanezi FM 18 , Alebel A 19 , Alema NM 20 , Alghnam SA 21 , Al-Hajj S 22 , Ali BA 23 , Ali S 24 , Alikhani M 25 , Alinia C 26 , Alipour V 27 , Aljunid SM 28 , Almasi-Hashiani A 29 , Almasri NA 30 , Altirkawi K 31 , Abdeldayem Amer YS 32 , Amini S 33 , Loreche Amit AM 34 , Andrei CL 35 , Ansari-Moghaddam A 36 , T Antonio CA 37 , Yaw Appiah SC 38 , Arabloo J 27 , Arab-Zozani M 39 , Arefi Z 40 , Aremu O 41 , Ariani F 42 , Arora A 43 , Asaad M 44 , Asghari B 45 , Awoke N 46 , Ayala Quintanilla BP 47 , Ayano G 48 , Ayanore MA 49 , Azari S 27 , Azarian G 50 , Badawi A 51 , Badiye AD 52 , Bagli E 53 , Baig AA 54 , Bairwa M 55 , Bakhtiari A 56 , Balachandran A 57 , Banach M 58 , Banerjee SK 59 , Banik PC 60 , Banstola A 61 , Barker-Collo SL 62 , Bärnighausen TW 63 , Barrero LH 64 , Barzegar A 65 , Bayati M 66 , Baye BA 67 , Bedi N 68 , Behzadifar M 69 , Bekuma TT 70 , Belete H 71 , Benjet C 72 , Bennett DA 73 , Bensenor IM 74 , Berhe K 75 , Bhardwaj P 76 , Bhat AG 77 , Bhattacharyya K 78 , Bibi S 79 , Bijani A 80 , Bin Sayeed MS 81 , Borges G 72 , Borzì AM 82 , Boufous S 83 , Brazinova A 84 , Briko NI 85 , Budhathoki SS 86 , Car J 87 , Cárdenas R 88 , Carvalho F 89 , Castaldelli-Maia JM 90 , Castañeda-Orjuela CA 91 , Castelpietra G 92 , Catalá-López F 93 , Cerin E 94 , Chandan JS 95 , Chanie WF 96 , Chattu SK 97 , Chattu VK 98 , Chatziralli I 99 , Chaudhary N 100 , Cho DY 101 , Kabir Chowdhury MA 102 , Chu DT 103 , Colquhoun SM 104 , Constantin MM 105 , Costa VM 89 , Damiani G 106 , Daryani A 107 , Dávila-Cervantes CA 108 , Demeke FM 109 , Demis AB 110 , Demoz GT 111 , Demsie DG 20 , Derakhshani A 112 , Deribe K 113 , Desai R 114 , Nasab MD 115 , da Silva DD 116 , Dibaji Forooshani ZS 117 , Doyle KE 118 , Driscoll TR 119 , Dubljanin E 120 , Adema BD 121 , Eagan AW 122 , Eftekhari A 123 , Ehsani-Chimeh E 124 , Sayed Zaki ME 125 , Elemineh DA 126 , El-Jaafary SI 3 , El-Khatib Z 127 , Ellingsen CL 128 , Emamian MH 129 , Endalew DA 130 , Eskandarieh S 131 , Faris PS 132 , Faro A 133 , Farzadfar F 134 , Fatahi Y 135 , Fekadu W 71 , Ferede TY 136 , Fereshtehnejad SM 137 , Fernandes E 138 , Ferrara P 139 , Feyissa GT 140 , Filip I 141 , Fischer F 142 , Folayan MO 143 , Foroutan M 144 , Francis JM 145 , Franklin RC 146 , Fukumoto T 147 , Geberemariyam BS 148 , Gebre AK 149 , Gebremedhin KB 150 , Gebremeskel GG 151 , Gebremichael B 152 , Gedefaw GA 153 , Geta B 154 , Ghafourifard M 155 , Ghamari F 156 , Ghashghaee A 157 , Gholamian A 158 , Gill TK 159 , Goulart AC 74 , Grada A 160 , Grivna M 161 , Mohialdeen Gubari MI 162 , Guimarães RA 163 , Guo Y 164 , Gupta G 165 , Haagsma JA 166 , Hafezi-Nejad N 167 , Bidgoli HH 168 , Hall BJ 169 , Hamadeh RR 170 , Hamidi S 171 , Haro JM 172 , Hasan MM 173 , Hasanzadeh A 174 , Hassanipour S 175 , Hassankhani H 176 , Hassen HY 177 , Havmoeller R 178 , Hayat K 179 , Hendrie D 48 , Heydarpour F 180 , Híjar M 181 , Ho HC 182 , Hoang CL 183 , Hole MK 184 , Holla R 185 , Hossain N 186 , Hosseinzadeh M 187 , Hostiuc S 188 , Hu G 189 , Ibitoye SE 190 , Ilesanmi OS 191 , Ilic I 120 , Ilic MD 192 , Inbaraj LR 193 , Indriasih E 194 , Naghibi Irvani SS 195 , Shariful Islam SM 196 , Islam MM 197 , Ivers RQ 198 , Jacobsen KH 199 , Jahani MA 200 , Jahanmehr N 201 , Jakovljevic M 202 , Jalilian F 203 , Jayaraman S 204 , Jayatilleke AU 205 , Jha RP 206 , John-Akinola YO 190 , Jonas JB 207 , Joseph N 208 , Joukar F 175 , Jozwiak JJ 209 , Jungari SB 210 , Jürisson M 211 , Kabir A 212 , Kadel R 213 , Kahsay A 75 , Kalankesh LR 214 , Kalhor R 215 , Kamil TA 216 , Kanchan T 217 , Kapoor N 52 , Karami M 218 , Kasaeian A 219 , Kassaye HG 20 , Kavetskyy T 220 , Kebede HK 221 , Keiyoro PN 222 , Kelbore AG 223 , Kelkay B 224 , Khader YS 225 , Khafaie MA 226 , Khalid N 227 , Khalil IA 228 , Khalilov R 229 , Khammarnia M 230 , Khan EA 231 , Khan M 232 , Khanna T 233 , Khazaie H 234 , Shadmani FK 235 , Khundkar R 236 , Kiirithio DN 237 , Kim YE 238 , Kim D 239 , Kim YJ 240 , Kisa A 241 , Kisa S 242 , Komaki H 243 , M Kondlahalli SK 244 , Korshunov VA 85 , Koyanagi A 245 , G Kraemer MU 246 , Krishan K 247 , Bicer BK 248 , Kugbey N 249 , Kumar V 250 , Kumar N 208 , Kumar GA 251 , Kumar M 252 , Kumaresh G 253 , Kurmi OP 254 , Kuti O 255 , Vecchia C 256 , Lami FH 257 , Lamichhane P 258 , Lang JJ 259 , Lansingh VC 260 , Laryea DO 261 , Lasrado S 262 , Latifi A 263 , Lauriola P 264 , Leasher JL 265 , Huey Lee SW 266 , Lenjebo TL 267 , Levi M 42 , Li S 164 , Linn S 268 , Liu X 269 , Lopez AD 2 , Lotufo PA 270 , Lunevicius R 271 , Lyons RA 272 , Madadin M 273 , El Razek MMA 274 , Mahotra NB 275 , Majdan M 276 , Majeed A 277 , Malagon-Rojas JN 278 , Maled V 279 , Malekzadeh R 280 , Malta DC 281 , Manafi N 282 , Manafi A 283 , Manda AL 284 , Manjunatha N 285 , Mansour-Ghanaei F 175 , Mansouri B 286 , Mansournia MA 287 , Maravilla JC 288 , March LM 289 , Mason-Jones AJ 290 , Masoumi SZ 291 , Massenburg BB 101 , Maulik PK 292 , Meles GG 293 , Melese A 109 , Melketsedik ZA 294 , N Memiah PT 295 , Mendoza W 296 , Menezes RG 297 , Mengesha MB 298 , Mengesha MM 299 , Meretoja TJ 300 , Meretoja A 301 , Merie HE 126 , Mestrovic T 302 , Miazgowski B 303 , Miazgowski T 304 , Miller TR 48 , Mini GK 305 , Mirica A 306 , Mirrakhimov EM 307 , Mirzaei-Alavijeh M 203 , Mithra P 208 , Moazen B 308 , Moghadaszadeh M 309 , Mohamadi E 310 , Mohammad Y 311 , Mohammad KA 312 , Darwesh AM 313 , Gholi Mezerji NM 314 , Mohammadian-Hafshejani A 315 , Mohammadoo-Khorasani M 316 , Mohammadpourhodki R 317 , Mohammed S 63 , Mohammed JA 318 , Mohebi F 134 , Molokhia M 319 , Monasta L 320 , Moodley Y 321 , Moosazadeh M 322 , Moradi M 323 , Moradi G 324 , Moradi-Lakeh M 325 , Moradpour F 324 , Morawska L 326 , Velásquez IM 327 , Morisaki N 328 , Morrison SD 101 , Mossie TB 71 , Muluneh AG 329 , Murthy S 330 , Musa KI 331 , Mustafa G 332 , Nabhan AF 333 , Nagarajan AJ 334 , Naik G 335 , Naimzada MD 336 , Najafi F 337 , Nangia V 338 , Nascimento BR 339 , Naserbakht M 325 , Nayak V 340 , Ndwandwe DE 341 , Negoi I 342 , Ngunjiri JW 343 , Nguyen CT 344 , Thi Nguyen HL 344 , Nikbakhsh R 345 , Anggraini Ningrum DN 346 , Nnaji CA 341 , Nyasulu PS 347 , Ogbo FA 89 , Oghenetega OB 348 , Oh IH 349 , Okunga EW 350 , Olagunju AT 351 , Olagunju TO 352 , Bali AO 353 , Onwujekwe OE 354 , Asante KO 355 , Orpana HM 356 , Ota E 357 , Otstavnov N 336 , Otstavnov SS 336 , A MP 358 , Padubidri JR 359 , Pakhale S 360 , Pakshir K 361 , Panda-Jonas S 362 , Park EK 363 , Patel SK 364 , Pathak A 127 , Pati S 365 , Patton GC 366 , Paulos K 367 , Peden AE 368 , Filipino Pepito VC 369 , Pereira J 370 , Pham HQ 344 , Phillips MR 371 , Pinheiro M 372 , Polibin RV 373 , Polinder S 166 , Poustchi H 280 , Prakash S 374 , Angga Pribadi DR 375 , Puri P 376 , Syed ZQ 377 , Rabiee M 378 , Rabiee N 379 , Radfar A 380 , Rafay A 381 , Rafiee A 382 , Rafiei A 383 , Rahim F 384 , Rahimi S 385 , Rahimi-Movaghar V 386 , Rahman MA 387 , Rajabpour-Sanati A 388 , Rajati F 323 , Rakovac I 389 , Ranganathan K 390 , Rao SJ 391 , Rashedi V 392 , Rastogi P 393 , Rathi P 394 , Rawaf S 277 , Rawal L 395 , Rawassizadeh R 396 , Renjith V 397 , N Renzaho AM 398 , Resnikoff S 399 , Rezapour A 400 , Ribeiro AI 401 , Rickard J 402 , Rios González CM 403 , Ronfani L 320 , Roshandel G 280 , Saad AM 404 , Sabde YD 405 , Sabour S 406 , Saddik B 407 , Safari S 408 , Safari-Faramani R 409 , Safarpour H 410 , Safdarian M 386 , Sajadi SM 411 , Salamati P 386 , Salehi F 412 , Zahabi SS 413 , Rashad Salem MR 414 , Salem H 415 , Salman O 416 , Salz I 417 , Samy AM 418 , Sanabria J 419 , Riera LS 420 , Santric Milicevic MM 421 , Sarker AR 422 , Sarveazad A 423 , Sathian B 424 , Sawhney M 425 , Sawyer SM 426 , Saxena S 427 , Sayyah M 428 , Schwebel DC 429 , Seedat S 430 , Senthilkumaran S 431 , Sepanlou SG 280 , Seyedmousavi S 432 , Sha F 433 , Shaahmadi F 434 , Shahabi S 435 , Shaikh MA 436 , Shams-Beyranvand M 437 , Shamsizadeh M 438 , Sharif-Alhoseini M 386 , Sharifi H 439 , Sheikh A 440 , Shigematsu M 441 , Shin JI 442 , Shiri R 443 , Siabani S 444 , Sigfusdottir ID 445 , Singh PK 446 , Singh JA 447 , Sinha DN 448 , Smarandache CG 449 , R Smith EU 450 , Soheili A 451 , Soleymani B 180 , Soltanian AR 452 , Soriano JB 453 , Sorrie MB 454 , Soyiri IN 455 , Stein DJ 456 , Stokes MA 457 , Sufiyan MB 458 , Rasul Suleria HA 459 , Sykes BL 460 , Tabarés-Seisdedos R 461 , Tabb KM 462 , Taddele BW 463 , Tadesse DB 151 , Tamiru AT 464 , Tarigan IU 194 , Tefera YM 465 , Tehrani-Banihashemi A 325 , Tekle MG 152 , Tekulu GH 466 , Tesema AK 467 , Tesfay BE 468 , Thapar R 208 , Tilahune AB 469 , Tlaye KG 110 , Tohidinik HR 287 , Topor-Madry R 470 , Tran BX 471 , Tran KB 472 , Tripathy JP 473 , Tsai AC 474 , Car LT 475 , Ullah S 476 , Ullah I 477 , Umar M 478 , Unnikrishnan B 208 , Upadhyay E 479 , Uthman OA 480 , Valdez PR 481 , Vasankari TJ 482 , Venketasubramanian N 483 , Violante FS 484 , Vlassov V 485 , Waheed Y 486 , Weldesamuel GT 151 , Werdecker A 487 , Wiangkham T 488 , Wolde HF 329 , Woldeyes DH 489 , Wondafrash DZ 490 , Wondmeneh TG 318 , Wondmieneh AB 150 , Wu AM 491 , Yadav R 376 , Yadollahpour A 492 , Yano Y 493 , Yaya S 494 , Yazdi-Feyzabadi V 495 , Yip P 496 , Yisma E 497 , Yonemoto N 498 , Yoon SJ 238 , Youm Y 499 , Younis MZ 500 , Yousefi Z 501 , Yu Y 502 , Yu C 503 , Yusefzadeh H 26 , Moghadam TZ 27 , Zaidi Z 504 , Zaman SB 102 , Zamani M 505 , Zamanian M 29 , Zandian H 506 , Zarei A 507 , Zare F 508 , Zhang ZJ 509 , Zhang Y 510 , Zodpey S 511 , Dandona L 2 , Dandona R 2 , Degenhardt L 2 , Dharmaratne SD 2 , Hay SI 2 , Mokdad AH 2 , Reiner RC 2 , Sartorius B 512 , Vos T 2

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [email protected]
  • 2 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 3 Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 4 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  • 5 Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  • 6 Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 7 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 8 Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  • 9 Cardiovascular Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Egypt
  • 10 Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 11 School of Medicine Center for Politics, Population and Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 12 Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University Nanjing, Nanjing, China
  • 13 James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 14 Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  • 15 Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria
  • 16 Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
  • 17 School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
  • 18 Department of Computer Sciences, Imam Abdulrehman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 19 Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  • 20 Department of Pharmacy, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  • 21 Department of Population Health Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 22 Faculty of Health Sciences - Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  • 23 Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
  • 24 Department of Information Systems, College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
  • 25 School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Department of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 26 Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  • 27 Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 28 Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
  • 29 Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  • 30 Physiotherapy Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
  • 31 King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 32 Clinical Practice Guidelines Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 33 Health Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  • 34 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  • 35 Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 36 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan, Iran
  • 37 Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  • 38 Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  • 39 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  • 40 Department of Health Promotion and Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 41 School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
  • 42 Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, Florence, Italy
  • 43 School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 44 Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
  • 45 Department of Microbiology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Azad Tabriz University, Iran
  • 46 Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  • 47 The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 48 School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  • 49 Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  • 50 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 51 Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • 52 Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
  • 53 Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
  • 54 Biochemistry Unit, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 55 Institute of Health Management Research, Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India
  • 56 Health Policy And Management Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 57 Department of Demography, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  • 58 Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  • 59 School of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA
  • 60 Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 61 Department of Research, Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara-Lekhnath Metropolitan City, Nepal
  • 62 School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • 63 Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 64 Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontifical Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia
  • 65 Occupational Health Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 66 Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • 67 Department of Public Health, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
  • 68 Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
  • 69 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  • 70 Institute of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  • 71 Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 72 Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Reseach, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 73 Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 74 Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 75 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 76 Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  • 77 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
  • 78 Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
  • 79 Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • 80 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  • 81 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  • 82 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  • 83 Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Department, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 84 Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
  • 85 Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
  • 86 Research Department, Golden Community, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 87 Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • 88 Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 89 Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 90 Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 91 Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
  • 92 Primary Care Services Area, Central Health Directorate, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Italy
  • 93 National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
  • 94 Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 95 Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
  • 96 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 97 Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana
  • 98 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
  • 99 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
  • 100 Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 101 Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 102 Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 103 Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 104 Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Action, ACT, Australia
  • 105 Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 106 Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
  • 107 Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 108 Population and Development, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 109 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 110 Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  • 111 School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  • 112 Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  • 113 Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
  • 114 Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
  • 115 Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • 116 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 117 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 118 School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  • 119 Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 120 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 121 Public Health Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  • 122 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 123 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  • 124 National Institute for Health Researches, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 125 Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  • 126 Department of Statistics, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  • 127 Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 128 Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
  • 129 Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  • 130 Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
  • 131 Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 132 Biology Department, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  • 133 Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
  • 134 Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 135 Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 136 Nursing Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  • 137 Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 138 REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 139 Research Centre on Public Health (CESP), University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
  • 140 Department of Health Education & Behavioral Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  • 141 Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA
  • 142 Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  • 143 Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  • 144 Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  • 145 Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  • 146 College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
  • 147 Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  • 148 Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Bale-Robe, Ethiopia
  • 149 School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 150 Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 151 Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  • 152 School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  • 153 Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 154 Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  • 155 Department of Medical Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 156 Occupational Health Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  • 157 Department of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 158 Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  • 159 Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 160 Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 161 Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  • 162 Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
  • 163 Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
  • 164 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 165 Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD), World Health Organization (WHO), New Delhi, India
  • 166 Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  • 167 Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
  • 168 Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
  • 169 Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, University of Macau, Macao, China
  • 170 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  • 171 School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  • 172 Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  • 173 Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
  • 174 Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  • 175 Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  • 176 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 177 Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
  • 178 Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 179 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 180 Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 181 Research Coordination, AC Environments Foundation, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  • 182 Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • 183 Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  • 184 Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA
  • 185 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 186 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 187 Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  • 188 Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 189 Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China
  • 190 Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 191 Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 192 Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  • 193 Department of Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India
  • 194 Center for Health Resource and Services Research and Development, National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 195 Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 196 Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  • 197 School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 198 School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • 199 Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
  • 200 Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  • 201 School of Management and Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 202 Department for Health Care and Public Health, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
  • 203 Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 204 Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
  • 205 Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  • 206 Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  • 207 Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  • 208 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 209 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  • 210 School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
  • 211 Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  • 212 Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 213 Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
  • 214 Department of Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 215 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  • 216 School of Public Health, Department of Health Informatics and Health Innovation, A C S Medical College and Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 217 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  • 218 Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 219 Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 220 Department of Applied Physics, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
  • 221 Department of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  • 222 Open, Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 223 Department of Dermatology, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  • 224 Department of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 225 Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  • 226 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  • 227 School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 228 Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 229 Department of Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
  • 230 Health Care Management, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, zahedan, Iran
  • 231 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 232 Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • 233 Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  • 234 Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 235 Department of Epidemiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 236 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 237 Research and Data Solutions, Synotech Consultant, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 238 Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  • 239 Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 240 School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  • 241 School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  • 242 Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  • 243 Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 244 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Deemed University, karad, India
  • 245 CIBERSAM, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  • 246 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 247 Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  • 248 Department of Public Health, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 249 Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  • 250 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 251 Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  • 252 Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 253 Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, India
  • 254 Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
  • 255 Health and Nutrition Section, United Nations Childrens' Fund (UNICEF), Accra, Ghana
  • 256 Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
  • 257 Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  • 258 School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  • 259 Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  • 260 HelpMeSee, New York, NY, USA
  • 261 Disease Control Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
  • 262 Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  • 263 Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  • 264 Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
  • 265 College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
  • 266 School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  • 267 School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  • 268 School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  • 269 Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • 270 Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • 271 Department of General Surgery, Aintree University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
  • 272 Health Data Research UK, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
  • 273 College of Medicine, Pathology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 274 Ophthalmology Department, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  • 275 Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • 276 Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
  • 277 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 278 Public Health Research Department, National Health Institute Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  • 279 Health Education and Research Department, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India
  • 280 Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 281 Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  • 282 Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 283 Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
  • 284 Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  • 285 Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
  • 286 Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 287 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 288 Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  • 289 Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
  • 290 Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
  • 291 Department of Midwifery-Reproductive Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 292 Research Department, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
  • 293 Department of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 294 Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  • 295 Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
  • 296 Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
  • 297 Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 298 College of Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  • 299 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  • 300 Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  • 301 Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  • 302 Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, ZoraProfozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 303 Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  • 304 Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  • 305 Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
  • 306 Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  • 307 Faculty of Internal Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  • 308 Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 309 Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 310 Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 311 Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 312 Research Center, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
  • 313 Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • 314 Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 315 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  • 316 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  • 317 Department of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  • 318 Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
  • 319 Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
  • 320 Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
  • 321 Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  • 322 Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 323 Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 324 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  • 325 Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 326 International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  • 327 Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
  • 328 Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
  • 329 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 330 Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • 331 School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
  • 332 Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
  • 333 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 334 Research and Analytics, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  • 335 Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
  • 336 Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
  • 337 Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 338 Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  • 339 Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  • 340 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 341 Cochrane Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 342 Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 343 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  • 344 Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 345 Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 346 Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
  • 347 Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 348 Reproductive Health Sciences, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 349 Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea
  • 350 Disease Surveillance and Epidemic Response, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 351 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 352 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 353 Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  • 354 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  • 355 Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
  • 356 Applied Research Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  • 357 Department of Global Health Nursing, St Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan
  • 358 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
  • 359 Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  • 360 Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa ON, Canada
  • 361 Parasitology and Mycology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • 362 Augenpraxis Jonas, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 363 Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  • 364 Research and Evaluation, Population Council, New Delhi, India
  • 365 Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, India
  • 366 Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 367 Department of Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  • 368 Royal Life Saving Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 369 Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines
  • 370 Department of Orthopedics, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, India
  • 371 Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  • 372 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 373 Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Sechenon University, Moscow, Russia
  • 374 Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  • 375 Health Sciences Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
  • 376 Department of Population Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  • 377 Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  • 378 Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  • 379 Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  • 380 College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
  • 381 Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 382 Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  • 383 Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 384 Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  • 385 Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 386 Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 387 School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
  • 388 Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  • 389 European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO), Moscow, Russia
  • 390 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • 391 Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
  • 392 School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Tehran, Iran
  • 393 Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 394 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  • 395 School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 396 Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Boston, USA
  • 397 Neurology Department, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
  • 398 School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  • 399 Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 400 Organization for the Prevention of Blindness, Paris, France
  • 401 EPIUnit - Public Health Institute University Porto (ISPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 402 Surgery Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
  • 403 Research Directorate, Nihon Gakko University, Fernando de la Mora, Paraguay
  • 404 Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 405 National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal, India
  • 406 Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 407 College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  • 408 Emergency Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 409 Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 410 Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 411 Nanobiotechnology Center, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
  • 412 Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 413 Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 414 Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  • 415 Department of Urology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 416 Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  • 417 Health and Disability Intelligence Group, Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand
  • 418 Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  • 419 Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
  • 420 Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
  • 421 Institute of Social Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 422 Health Economics, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 423 Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 424 Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  • 425 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
  • 426 Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  • 427 School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 428 Faculty member of Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  • 429 Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
  • 430 Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 431 Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India
  • 432 Microbiology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • 433 Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
  • 434 Department of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  • 435 Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • 436 Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  • 437 School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  • 438 Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 439 HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  • 440 Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
  • 441 National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
  • 442 College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea
  • 443 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  • 444 Department of Health Education & Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  • 445 Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
  • 446 Department of Forensic Medicine, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
  • 447 Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
  • 448 Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
  • 449 2nd Department of Surgery-SUUB, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 450 Pain Management Research Institute (PMRI), Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
  • 451 Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  • 452 Department of Biostatistics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  • 453 Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  • 454 Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  • 455 Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City, UK
  • 456 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 457 Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  • 458 Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  • 459 Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 460 Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
  • 461 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  • 462 School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
  • 463 Department of Public Health, Arbaminch College of Health Sciences, Arbaminch town sikela, Ethiopia
  • 464 School of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 465 School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  • 466 Department of Pharmacognosy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 467 Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 468 Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  • 469 Psychiatry Department, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  • 470 Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  • 471 Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 472 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • 473 Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
  • 474 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
  • 475 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  • 476 Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, A T Still University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • 477 Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  • 478 Research Department, National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS), Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 479 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
  • 480 Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
  • 481 Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 482 UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
  • 483 Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore
  • 484 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  • 485 Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
  • 486 Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 487 Demographic Change and Ageing Research Area, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  • 488 Department of Physical Therapy, Naresuan University, Meung District, Thailand
  • 489 Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  • 490 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  • 491 Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
  • 492 Medical Physics Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  • 493 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
  • 494 School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
  • 495 Health Services Management Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  • 496 Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • 497 School of Allied Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 498 Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
  • 499 Department of Sociology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  • 500 Department of Health Policy & Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
  • 501 Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 502 School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
  • 503 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  • 504 Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  • 505 Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  • 506 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
  • 507 Department of Environment Health Engineering, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  • 508 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  • 509 Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  • 510 School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  • 511 Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  • 512 Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Inj Prev, 2020 10;26(Supp 1):i96-i114.
PMID: 32332142 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.

METHODS: We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

FINDINGS: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505).

INTERPRETATION: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

MeSH terms
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