Delavaux CS 1 , Crowther TW 2 , Zohner CM 2 , Robmann NM 2 , Lauber T 2 , van den Hoogen J 2 Show all authors , Kuebbing S 3 , Liang J 4 , de-Miguel S 5 , Nabuurs GJ 6 , Reich PB 7 , Abegg M 8 , Adou Yao YC 9 , Alberti G 10 , Almeyda Zambrano AM 11 , Alvarado BV 12 , Alvarez-Dávila E 13 , Alvarez-Loayza P 14 , Alves LF 15 , Ammer C 16 , Antón-Fernández C 17 , Araujo-Murakami A 18 , Arroyo L 18 , Avitabile V 19 , Aymard GA 20 , Baker TR 21 , Bałazy R 22 , Banki O 23 , Barroso JG 24 , Bastian ML 25 , Bastin JF 26 , Birigazzi L 27 , Birnbaum P 28 , Bitariho R 29 , Boeckx P 30 , Bongers F 6 , Bouriaud O 31 , Brancalion PHS 32 , Brandl S 33 , Brienen R 21 , Broadbent EN 34 , Bruelheide H 35 , Bussotti F 36 , Gatti RC 37 , César RG 32 , Cesljar G 38 , Chazdon R 39 , Chen HYH 40 , Chisholm C 2 , Cho H 41 , Cienciala E 42 , Clark C 43 , Clark D 44 , Colletta GD 45 , Coomes DA 46 , Cornejo Valverde F 47 , Corral-Rivas JJ 48 , Crim PM 49 , Cumming JR 49 , Dayanandan S 50 , de Gasper AL 51 , Decuyper M 6 , Derroire G 52 , DeVries B 53 , Djordjevic I 54 , Dolezal J 55 , Dourdain A 52 , Engone Obiang NL 56 , Enquist BJ 57 , Eyre TJ 58 , Fandohan AB 59 , Fayle TM 60 , Feldpausch TR 61 , Ferreira LV 62 , Fischer M 63 , Fletcher C 64 , Frizzera L 65 , Gamarra JGP 66 , Gianelle D 65 , Glick HB 67 , Harris DJ 68 , Hector A 69 , Hemp A 70 , Hengeveld G 6 , Hérault B 71 , Herbohn JL 72 , Herold M 6 , Hillers A 73 , Honorio Coronado EN 74 , Hui C 75 , Ibanez TT 76 , Amaral I 77 , Imai N 78 , Jagodziński AM 79 , Jaroszewicz B 80 , Johannsen VK 81 , Joly CA 82 , Jucker T 83 , Jung I 41 , Karminov V 84 , Kartawinata K 85 , Kearsley E 86 , Kenfack D 87 , Kennard DK 88 , Kepfer-Rojas S 81 , Keppel G 89 , Khan ML 90 , Killeen TJ 18 , Kim HS 91 , Kitayama K 92 , Köhl M 93 , Korjus H 94 , Kraxner F 95 , Laarmann D 94 , Lang M 94 , Lewis SL 21 , Lu H 96 , Lukina NV 97 , Maitner BS 57 , Malhi Y 98 , Marcon E 99 , Marimon BS 100 , Marimon-Junior BH 100 , Marshall AR 72 , Martin EH 101 , Martynenko O 84 , Meave JA 102 , Melo-Cruz O 103 , Mendoza C 104 , Merow C 39 , Mendoza AM 105 , Moreno VS 32 , Mukul SA 72 , Mundhenk P 93 , Nava-Miranda MG 106 , Neill D 107 , Neldner VJ 58 , Nevenic RV 54 , Ngugi MR 58 , Niklaus PA 108 , Oleksyn J 79 , Ontikov P 84 , Ortiz-Malavasi E 12 , Pan Y 109 , Paquette A 110 , Parada-Gutierrez A 18 , Parfenova EI 111 , Park M 4 , Parren M 112 , Parthasarathy N 113 , Peri PL 114 , Pfautsch S 115 , Phillips OL 21 , Picard N 116 , Piedade MTTF 117 , Piotto D 118 , Pitman NCA 85 , Polo I 119 , Poorter L 6 , Poulsen AD 68 , Pretzsch H 120 , Ramirez Arevalo F 121 , Restrepo-Correa Z 122 , Rodeghiero M 65 , Rolim SG 118 , Roopsind A 123 , Rovero F 124 , Rutishauser E 125 , Saikia P 126 , Salas-Eljatib C 127 , Saner P 128 , Schall P 16 , Schepaschenko D 95 , Scherer-Lorenzen M 129 , Schmid B 108 , Schöngart J 117 , Searle EB 110 , Seben V 130 , Serra-Diaz JM 131 , Sheil D 132 , Shvidenko AZ 95 , Silva-Espejo JE 133 , Silveira M 134 , Singh J 135 , Sist P 71 , Slik F 136 , Sonké B 137 , Souza AF 138 , Miscicki S 139 , Stereńczak KJ 22 , Svenning JC 140 , Svoboda M 141 , Swanepoel B 142 , Targhetta N 117 , Tchebakova N 111 , Ter Steege H 23 , Thomas R 143 , Tikhonova E 97 , Umunay PM 144 , Usoltsev VA 145 , Valencia R 146 , Valladares F 147 , van der Plas F 148 , Do TV 149 , van Nuland ME 150 , Vasquez RM 105 , Verbeeck H 86 , Viana H 151 , Vibrans AC 51 , Vieira S 152 , von Gadow K 153 , Wang HF 154 , Watson JV 155 , Werner GDA 156 , Wiser SK 157 , Wittmann F 158 , Woell H 159 , Wortel V 160 , Zagt R 161 , Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T 162 , Zhang C 163 , Zhao X 163 , Zhou M 4 , Zhu ZX 154 , Zo-Bi IC 164 , Maynard DS 2

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland. [email protected]
  • 2 Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
  • 3 The Forest School at The Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
  • 4 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
  • 5 Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
  • 6 Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
  • 7 Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
  • 8 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
  • 9 UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
  • 10 Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
  • 11 Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Sport Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
  • 12 Forestry School, Tecnológico de Costa Rica TEC, Cartago, Costa Rica
  • 13 Fundacion ConVida, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, UNAD, Medellin, Colombia
  • 14 Field Museum of Natural Histiory, Chicago, IL, USA
  • 15 Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 16 Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
  • 17 Division of Forest and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
  • 18 Museo de Historia Natural Noel kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
  • 19 European Commission, Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy
  • 20 UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela
  • 21 School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
  • 22 Department of Geomatics, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
  • 23 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
  • 24 Centro Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
  • 25 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
  • 26 TERRA Teach and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
  • 27 United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change, Bonn, Germany
  • 28 Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Nouméa, New Caledonia
  • 29 Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
  • 30 Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  • 31 Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
  • 32 Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
  • 33 Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Freising, Germany
  • 34 Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
  • 35 Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
  • 36 Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
  • 37 Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  • 38 Department of Spatial Regulation, GIS and Forest Policy, Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 39 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
  • 40 Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
  • 41 Division of Forest Resources Information, Korea Forest Promotion Institute, Seoul, South Korea
  • 42 IFER-Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
  • 43 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
  • 44 Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
  • 45 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
  • 46 Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  • 47 Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Madre de Dios, Peru
  • 48 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
  • 49 Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
  • 50 Biology Department, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 51 Natural Science Department, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
  • 52 Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAE), Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, France
  • 53 Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
  • 54 Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 55 Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
  • 56 IRET, Herbier National du Gabon (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon
  • 57 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
  • 58 Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
  • 59 Ecole de Foresterie et Ingénierie du Bois, Université Nationale d'Agriculture, Kétou, Benin
  • 60 School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
  • 61 Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
  • 62 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Belém, Pará, Brazil
  • 63 Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  • 64 Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 65 Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All'adige, Italy
  • 66 Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
  • 67 Glick Designs LLC, Hadley, MA, USA
  • 68 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
  • 69 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 70 Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
  • 71 Cirad, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
  • 72 Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
  • 73 Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, UK
  • 74 Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
  • 75 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
  • 76 AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
  • 77 National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
  • 78 Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
  • 79 Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
  • 80 Faculty of Biology, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
  • 81 Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 82 Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
  • 83 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
  • 84 Forestry Faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russia
  • 85 Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
  • 86 CAVElab-Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  • 87 CTFS-ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
  • 88 Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
  • 89 UniSA STEM and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • 90 Department of Botany, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
  • 91 Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  • 92 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  • 93 Institute for World Forestry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  • 94 Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
  • 95 Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
  • 96 Faculty of Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
  • 97 Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  • 98 Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 99 AgroParisTech, UMR-AMAP, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
  • 100 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
  • 101 Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania
  • 102 Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 103 Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
  • 104 Colegio de Profesionales Forestales de Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia
  • 105 Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Pasco, Peru
  • 106 Laboratorio de geomática, Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
  • 107 Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
  • 108 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • 109 Climate, Fire, and Carbon Cycle Sciences, USDA Forest Service, Durham, NC, USA
  • 110 Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 111 V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, FRC KSC, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
  • 112 Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
  • 113 Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
  • 114 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Río Gallegos, Argentina
  • 115 School of Social Sciences (Urban Studies), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
  • 116 Forestry Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
  • 117 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
  • 118 Laboratório de Dendrologia e Silvicultura Tropical, Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
  • 119 Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Medellin, Colombia
  • 120 Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School for Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
  • 121 Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
  • 122 Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio Climático (SECC), Fundación Con Vida & Corporación COL-TREE, Medellín, Colombia
  • 123 Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
  • 124 Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
  • 125 Info Flora, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 126 Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
  • 127 Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
  • 128 Datascientist.ch, Wallisellen, Switzerland
  • 129 Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
  • 130 National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
  • 131 Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Silva, Nancy, France
  • 132 Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
  • 133 Departamento de Biología, Universidad de la Serena, La Serena, Chile
  • 134 Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
  • 135 Guyana Forestry Commission, Georgetown, France
  • 136 Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
  • 137 Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
  • 138 Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
  • 139 Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
  • 140 Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  • 141 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 142 Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane, Laos
  • 143 Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development (IIC), Georgetown, Guyana
  • 144 School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
  • 145 Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural State Forest Engineering University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
  • 146 Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
  • 147 LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
  • 148 Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
  • 149 Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 150 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
  • 151 Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Viseu, Portugal
  • 152 Environmental Studies and Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
  • 153 Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
  • 154 Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
  • 155 Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
  • 156 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 157 Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
  • 158 Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute for Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 159 Independent Researcher, Bad Aussee, Austria
  • 160 Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Paramaribo, Suriname
  • 161 Tropenbos International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
  • 162 Polish State Forests, Coordination Center for Environmental Projects, Warsaw, Poland
  • 163 Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
  • 164 Department of Forestry and Environment, National Polytechnic Institute (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
Nature, 2023 Oct;622(7982):E2.
PMID: 37752352 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06654-9

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.