MyMedR

Fulltext Non apnoeic snoring-theoretical considerations

Raman R, Gopalkrishnan G

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1999 Dec;52(1):80-2.

PMID: 23119631 DOI: 10.1007/BF02996443

A brief review of snoring with regard to the aetiology, patho-physiology, investigations and treatment is presented. Questions and unresolved issues are highlighted, hoping to point out directions towards future studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring

Fulltext Is snoring a health risk?

Liam CK

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):155-9; quiz 160.

PMID: 10972023

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/complications*

Fulltext Sound frequency spectra of snore in relation to the site of obstruction among snorers

Qualickuz Zanan NH, Azman M, Zainuddin K, Wan Puteh SE, Mohamed AS, Mat Baki M

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital, 2021 Aug;41(4):348-355.

PMID: 34533538 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1202

Objective: This study aimed to describe the sound frequency of snoring in relation to the site of upper airway vibration among snorers.

Methods: 383 snores from 40 participants who complained of snoring were digitally recorded during natural and induced sleep using a level III polysomnography monitor with a built-in microphone. During drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), the real-time site of upper airway obstruction was assessed, and the sound frequency of snoring was recorded synchronously.

Results: The mean peak of snoring frequency for unilevel palatal, oropharynx and epiglottis obstruction were 522.5, 482.4 and 300.0 Hz, respectively. Most participants showed multilevel obstruction at the palate and oropharynx, in which the mean for bi-peak snoring frequency were 402.90 Hz and 1086.96 Hz, respectively. Severity of OSA was significantly associated with multilevel obstruction.

Conclusions: There was a significant association between the snoring sound frequency and site of unilevel obstruction. Palatal or oropharyngeal obstruction produced sound at mid-frequency range, while the epiglottis produced a low frequency range. Multilevel obstruction documented a bi-peak snoring frequency.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/epidemiology

Pre-operative identification of the level of obstruction in non-apnoeic snoring

Raman R, Gopalakrishnan G

Trop Doct, 1999 Jul;29(3):160-1.

PMID: 10448240

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/complications; Snoring/physiopathology*; Snoring/surgery

Fulltext Obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome – an overview

Wan Haniza WHW, Tengku Saifudin TI

Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(1):2-6.

PMID: 25606213 MyJurnal

Obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common cause of breathing-related sleep disorder, causing excessive daytime sleepiness. Common clinical features of OSAHS include snoring, fragmented sleep, daytime somnolence and fatigue. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the condition, including its management.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring

Fulltext Haemangioma of the uvula causing loud habitual snoring--a rare entity

Thong JF, Pang KP, Siow JK

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):408-9.

PMID: 19803302

Mucosal haemangiomas are unusual and typically involve frequently traumatised areas such as the lip, buccal mucosa and lateral borders of the tongue. Uvular haemangioma is rare and to our knowledge, has never been reported to cause obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We report an unusual case of uvular haemangioma causing loud habitual snoring and symptoms suggestive of OSA. This case report illustrates a rare cause of OSA and demonstrates the efficacy of surgery for obvious obstructive lesions of the pharynx.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/etiology*; Snoring/pathology; Snoring/surgery

Snoring and breathing pauses during sleep in the Malaysian population

Kamil MA, Teng CL, Hassan SA

Respirology, 2007 May;12(3):375-80.

PMID: 17539841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01030.x

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of snoring and breathing pauses during sleep, and to assess associated factors, including morbidity and the impact on daytime functioning, in an adult Malaysian population.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling adults aged 30-70 years was conducted. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Physical examinations were limited to measurements of body habitus and blood pressure.
RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1611 adults (52.9% male). The prevalence of habitual snoring, breathing pauses and excessive daytime sleepiness were 47.3%, 15.2% and 14.8%, respectively. Seven per cent of respondents (8.8% male, 5.1% female) were clinically suspected to have obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The independent predictors of habitual snoring were older age, Chinese or Indian ethnicity (compared with Malays), smoking, obesity and use of sedatives. Clinically suspected OSAS and habitual snoring were significantly associated with difficulty in getting up in the morning, morning headache, driving and workplace accidents, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of habitual snoring is high in the Malaysian population. Sleep-related breathing disorders in Malaysian adults are associated with significant morbidity.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/complications; Snoring/epidemiology*

Prevalence of snoring and sleep breathing-related disorders in Chinese, Malay and Indian adults in Singapore

Ng TP, Seow A, Tan WC

Eur Respir J, 1998 Jul;12(1):198-203.

PMID: 9701437

This study investigated the prevalence of snoring and symptoms of sleep breathing-related disorders in the multi-ethnic population of Singapore (3 million people, comprising 75% Chinese, 15% Malay and 7% Indian). A multistaged, area cluster, disproportionate stratified, random sampling of adults aged 20-74 yrs was used to obtain a sample of 2,298 subjects (65% response), with approximately equal numbers of Chinese, Malay and Indian and in each 10 yr age group. An interviewer-administered field questionnaire was used to record symptoms of snoring and breathing disturbances during sleep witnessed by a room-mate and other personal and health-related data. The weighted point estimate (and 95% confidence interval) of the whole population prevalence of snoring was 6.8% (53-83). There were pronounced ethnic differences among Chinese, 6.2% (4.4-8.1); Malay, 8.1% (6.1-10.2) and Indian, 10.9% (85-13.4). The minimum whole population prevalence by the most restricted symptom criteria for defining sleep breathing-related disorder was 0.43% (0.05-0.8%). Similar marked ethnic differences in rates were observed using various symptom criteria. The ethnic differences in sleep breathing symptoms paralleled the differences in body mass index, neck circumference and hypertension, but statistically significant differences remained after adjustment for sex, age and these known associated factors. Marked ethnic differences in snoring and sleep breathing-related disorders were observed in Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore, which were only partly explained by known factors of sex, age and body habitus.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/ethnology*; Snoring/epidemiology

Fulltext Sublingual epidermoid cyst resembling sublingual ranula: a case report

Nee, Tan Shi, Roszalina Ramli, Athar, Primuharsa Putra Sabir Husin

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2015;10(1):46-51.

MyJurnal

Dermoid cysts are anatomic embryonic abnormalities that are rarely seen in the oral cavity. Histologically, they are further classified as epidermoid, dermoid or teratoid. We report a case in which an 18- year-old girl who developed an epidermoid cyst presenting as a large sublingual swelling occupying the entire floor of the mouth causing snoring and speech difficulty. We emphasized on the clinical steps in achieving an accurate diagnosis, possible differential diagnosis, necessary imaging techniques and management of epidermoid cyst.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring

Fulltext Recurrent acute pulmonary oedema associated with obstructive sleep apnoea

Liam CK, Liao CM, Kannan P

Singapore Med J, 1994 Aug;35(4):411-3.

PMID: 7899906

A patient had recurrent acute nocturnal pulmonary oedema following an anterior myocardial infarction despite a normal maximal stress electrocardiogram. He had a history of chronic heavy snoring and other symptoms to suggest a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which was supported by an overnight sleep study. The recurrent acute pulmonary oedema was most likely due to a combination of poor left ventricular function and obstructive sleep apnoea.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/complications

Fulltext Prevalence and correlates of snoring medical students in a Malaysian university

Tiong TS, Syed Hassan AA

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2006;14(1):17-22.

MyJurnal

This study was done in all UNIMAS medical students from year 1 to year 5 in the year 2004. A questionnaire was used. 290 students participated with a response rate of 72.5%. There were more male students snoring than female (ratio 5.9:1.3). The habitual snoring percentages for all years, first year and final year medical students are 7.2, 9.9 and 3.6 respectively and these are comparatively and relatively low with other studies reported in the last 10 years, and the reasons for this are unknown. However it was interesting to note in this study and others that there are relatively more snoring medical students in the first year than subsequent years. Significant positive correlation of snoring was found with the factors of gender, weight, height and sleep apnoea, all having p<0.0005, but no significant correlation was found in others including examination results.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring

Congenital Midline Tongue Base Mass in An Infant: Lingual Hamartoma

Fadzilah N, Azman M, See GB

J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 Sep;10(9):MD01-MD03.

PMID: 27790477

Lingual hamartoma is a rare finding of congenital midline posterior tongue mass. The lesion may be seen as a single anomaly or maybe associated with syndrome especially the Oral Facial Digital Syndrome (OFDS). Here, we report an otherwise normal and healthy two-month-old boy with a congenital midline base of tongue mass presented with snoring and episodic vomiting since the age of 1 month. Tumour excision from the area of foramen of caecum recovered a pinkish pedunculated tumour. Histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyomatous lingual hamartoma. Differential diagnosis, especially for midline tongue mass and other paediatric tongue lesions are discussed. We also discuss the epidemiology, histopathologic features, treatment and prognosis of lingual hamartoma based on the literature review.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring

Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of pediatric sleep questionnaire in assessment of sleep-disordered breathing in the Malay speaking population

Hasniah AL, Jamalludin AR, Norrashidah AW, Norzila MZ, Asiah K, Anida AR, et al.

World J Pediatr, 2012 Feb;8(1):38-42.

PMID: 22105571 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-011-0279-3

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common but often underdiagnosed in children. The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire developed by University of Michigan, USA (English UM PSQ) has high sensitivity and specificity in identifying children with sleep-disordered breathing. This study aimed to translate and adapt the English UM PSQ into Malay language as a screening tool to assess SDB among the Malay speaking population. The second objective was to determine the psychometric measurements of the translated UM PSQ (Malay UM PSQ).

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/epidemiology

Prevalence of snoring and craniofacial features in Malaysian children from hospital-based medical clinic population

Banabilh SM, Asha'ari ZA, Hamid SS

Sleep Breath, 2008 Aug;12(3):269-74.

PMID: 17978839 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-007-0154-6

Snoring is considered as the most common clinical symptom of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. However, many snoring studies were done in western population, and data from around Asia is scarce. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of snoring among Malaysian children from hospital-based medical clinic population setting and to compare the craniofacial features of children with and without snoring using cephalometric analysis. A cross-sectional study among children aged 7-15 years were carried out in Hospital Kuala Terengganu. Sleep behavior questionnaire (Berlin questionnaire) was given to 500 children. The respondents were divided into snoring and non-snoring groups. Thirty children from each group were randomly selected to undergo a cephalometric X-ray. For each lateral cephalometric radiograph, 17 parameters consisting bony, soft tissue, and angular measurements were recorded using computer software VixWin2000. Independent t test was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the whole questionnaire respondents were 317 (46 snoring and 271 non-snoring), hence, the prevalence of snoring in our survey population was 14.51%. The cephalometric X-ray showed that the snoring children manifested a significant different craniofacial features, such as narrow airway at the level of the soft palate and oropharynx (p < 0.05), more inferiorly positioned hyoid bone (p < 0.05), longer vertical airway length from posterior nasal spine to the base of epiglottis (p < 0.05), more protruding maxilla, and anterior-posterior discrepancy of maxilla and mandible (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our snorer children exhibit significant craniofacial differences compared to non-snorer groups.

Study site: ACC at Hospital Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaThe ACC is a daycare center consisting of
various specialty clinics such as Pediatrics, Orthopedics,
Otorhinolaryngology, Dental, Oral-maxillofacial, General
Surgery, General Medical, Ophthalmology, Psychiatry, and
Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/epidemiology*

Ethnicity, obstructive sleep apnoea and ischaemic heart disease

Tan YK, Khoo KL, Low JA, Wong ZW, Theng CT, Ong TH, et al.

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1999 Mar;28(2):214-6.

PMID: 10497669

We studied the relationship between different ethnic groups, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and ischaemic heart disease. Four hundred and thirty-two inpatients from the medical wards were interviewed. Limited overnight sleep studies were done in 129 of those who had habitual snoring, daytime sleepiness based on an Epworth sleepiness scale of 8 or more, or a large neck size of 40 cm or more. There were 315 Chinese (72.9%), 67 Malays (15.5%), 43 Indians (10%) and 3 from other races (1.4%). The prevalence of OSA was 19.7%, 30% and 12% among the Chinese, Malays and Indians, respectively. The prevalence ratio for OSA was 1.52 in Malays using Chinese patients as the baseline (P = 0.07). The median neck circumference was 37 cm in both racial groups. The median body mass index was 22.7 kg/m2 in Chinese compared to 23.6 kg/m2 in Malays. The median apnoea-hypopnoea index was 22.7, 19.0 and 26.9 events/hour among the Chinese, Malays and Indians, respectively. OSA was independently associated with the prevalence of IHD (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.68; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.46; P = 0.009). The prevalence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was 31%, 24% and 28% in Chinese, Malays and Indians, respectively. The prevalence ratio for IHD in Malays compared to Chinese was 0.77. After adjusting for OSA, there was an even greater reduction in the risk of IHD (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.70). This suggests that OSA is a confounder in the relationship between race and ischaemic heart disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/ethnology

Obstructive sleep apnea among express bus drivers in Malaysia: important indicators for screening

Yusoff MF, Baki MM, Mohamed N, Mohamed AS, Yunus MR, Ami M, et al.

Traffic Inj Prev, 2010 Dec;11(6):594-9.

PMID: 21128189 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2010.505255

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been identified as one of the significant risk factors for motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). In the interest of public safety, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of OSA and its associated factors among express bus drivers in Malaysia. Identifying factors or conditions related with OSA is very important because they can be used as indicators to subject a person to a confirmatory diagnosis using polysomnography testing.

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring/etiology

Fulltext Outcome of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) in the management of snoring in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

Abdullah B, Othman NA, Daud MK

Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Apr;15(2):29-32.

PMID: 22589622

To determine the outcome of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for the management of patients with snoring in Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital (HUSM). A retrospective review of patients who underwent LAUP with or without tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy under general anaesthesia between December 2003 to December 2006. Data was obtained from admission and follow-up records in the otorhinolaryngology clinic of USM Hospital (HUSM). A total of nineteen patients underwent procedure for the treatment of snoring. Majority of these patients presented with symptoms of loud snoring and daytime somnolence. The main operations performed were LAUP with or without tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. The justification for LAUP were overhanging and excessive uvula or soft palate, whereas for adenotonsillectomy were the hypertrophied adenoids and tonsils. On follow-up, most of the patients claimed improvement of snoring within the first 2 months post-operation. However, majority of them defaulted follow-up after that. One patient (AHI preoperatively was mild) was reviewed up to 8 months with no snoring. One patient (AHI was severe preoperatively and normal post operatively) remained in our follow-up was satisfied with the operation. Two patients continued to experience snoring post LAUP despite trial of non-surgical methods. The outcome of LAUP in our patients showed variable results. This showed that patient selection is very important to achieve good result in LAUP. Long-term follow-up is also essential to document the success for LAUP.

Study site: otorhinolaryngology clinic of USM Hospital (HUSM)

Matched MeSH terms: Snoring

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