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Fulltext The severity of moral distress in nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Salari N, Shohaimi S, Khaledi-Paveh B, Kazeminia M, Bazrafshan MR, Mohammadi M

Philos Ethics Humanit Med, 2022 Nov 09;17(1):13.
PMID: 36348378 DOI: 10.1186/s13010-022-00126-0

BACKGROUND: Moral distress is one of the most important problems that nurses face in their care of patients. Various studies have reported the frequency and severity of moral distress in nurses. However, to date, a comprehensive study that shows the results of these research across the world was not found, therefore due to the importance of this issue, its role in the health of nurses and patients, and the lack of general statistics about it worldwide, the present study was conducted to determine the frequency and severity of moral distress in nurses through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: In this review study, searching national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CINHAL, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) between 2005 and February 2020 were extracted. The random-effects model was used for analysis, and the heterogeneity of studies with the I2 index was investigated. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2).
RESULTS: The frequency of moral distress in 9 articles with a sample size of 1576 persons was 1.7 ± 0.5 from (0-4), in 13 articles with a sample size of 1870 persons, 3.07 ± 0.1 from (0-5), in 6 articles with a sample size of 1316 persons, 3.2 ± 0.29 from (0-6), in 18 articles with a sample size of 1959 persons, 4.6 ± 0.518 from (1-7) and in 35 articles with a sample size of 3718 persons, 81.1 ± 4.6 from (216-30), and the severity of moral distress in 4 articles with a sample size of 1116 persons, 1.7 ± 0.37 from (0-4), in 5 articles with a sample size of 1282 persons, 2.6 ± 0.28 from (0-5), in 5 articles with a sample size of 944 persons, 3.9 ± 0.63 from (0-6) and in 8 articles with a sample size of 901 persons was 82.3 ± 5.4 (0-216).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the frequency and severity of moral distress in nurses are high and are a serious problem in nurses. Therefore, policymakers in this field should consider its role in the health of nurses and patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals*
Pembangunan model sikap pelajar terhadap makanan termodifikasi secara genetik

Nur Aziera Sukman, Nur Riza Mohd Suradi, Latifah Amin

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

Telah terbukti bahawa pembangunan dan kejayaan bioteknologi dan teknologi modifikasi genetik (GM) pada masa hadapan bergantung secara langsung kepada persepsi masyarakat dan sikap pengguna. Kajian lepas menunjukkan bahawa pengguna mempunyai sikap skeptikal terhadap teknologi modifikasi genetik dalam penghasilan makanan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti dimensi yang menyumbang kepada pembentukan sikap pelajar terhadap makanan GM selain daripada sikap mereka terhadap perubahan dalam kualiti makanan dan bagaimana ini dapat membentuk cara hidup dan sikap mereka terhadap makanan GM. Pembentukan model dibina berdasarkan kepada model Latifah yang mengandungi enam dimensi iaitu persepsi faedah, persepsi risiko, penerimaan risiko, kebiasaan, aspek moral dan sokongan. Kaedah analisis faktor telah digunakan untuk mengenal pasti dimensi yang membentuk sikap pelajar dalam model yang dibina ini. Didapati dimensi penerimaan risiko mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang rendah, manakala dimensi baru diperoleh iaitu dimensi kawalan. Hasil analisis faktor telah disahkan dengan penggunaan kaedah pemodelan persamaan berstruktur (SEM). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa dimensi persepsi faedah, persepsi risiko, kebiasaan, aspek moral, kawalan dan sokongan menyumbang kepada sikap para pelajar terhadap makanan GM.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext MENEROKA KESAN TEKANAN DAN SOKONGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP TANGGUNGJAWAB KEIBUBAPAAN DALAM KALANGAN BAPA TUNGGAL (Exploring Stress Impact and Social Support towards Parenting Responsibility among Single Fathers)

Ainnur Erwana Saharudin, Khadijah Alavi

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(4):105-114.
MyJurnal

Bapa tunggal merupakan satu golongan yang kurang dititikberatkan oleh masyarakat termasuk agensi-agensi dan NGO yang memfokuskan kepada kebajikan masyarakat berbanding dengan ibu tunggal. Hal ini kerana kebanyakan masyarakat merasakan bahawa golongan ini memiliki kekuatan fizikal dan mental yang tinggi memandangkan bapa tunggal adalah kaum lelaki. Namun, tidak dinafikan bahawa golongan bapa tunggal ini juga mengalami tekanan serius kerana kehilangan satu semangat atau sokongan tanpa pasangan hidupnya. Mereka terpaksa menyandang pelbagai tugas dalam rumah tangga dan membesarkan anak-anak. Kajian terdahulu lebih memfokuskan kepada ibu tunggal yang mendapat sokongan sosial daripada pelbagai agensi. Maka tekanan dan sokongan sosial penting dalam permasalahan bapa tunggal terutama dalam pengurusan rumah tangga dan pekerjaan harian. Objektif utama kajian ini ialah meneroka tekanan dan sokongan sosial dalam kalangan bapa tunggal. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berpandukan kajian kes. Teknik pengumpulan data kajian adalah melalui temu bual berstruktur. Tujuh orang informan telah dipilih bagi kajian ini dengan menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan (purposive sampling). Lokasi kajian yang dipilih ialah daerah Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Data temu bual berstruktur dianalisis secara tematik dan hasil kajian mendapati terdapat tiga faktor utama yang mempengaruhi tekanan terhadap bapa tunggal iaitu emosi, pengurusan rumah tangga dan pekerjaan yang ditemukan menerusi transkrip informan kajian. Manakala sokongan sosial yang diperlukan oleh golongan bapa tunggal ialah kewangan, sokongan moral dan tempat bersembang. Implikasi kajian ini diharapkan dapat mencadangkan program advokasi yang sesuai kepada pekerja sosial dalam mengendalikan kes bapa tunggal dalam komuniti dan institusi.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Implementing professionalism by deprofessionalized strategies: A moral quandary

Ahmadi K, Hasan SS

Curr Pharm Teach Learn, 2016 10 26;9(1):9-11.
PMID: 29180161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2016.08.032

Monetary fine proceedings has been one of the methods of upholding professionalism amongst health care professionals. Professionalism as a concept is multifaceted and fragmented and it has become symbolic to the extent that, unfortunately, some traits of professionalism showcase the whole concept. It seems fair to interpret the symbolic views on the concept of professionalism as means to capitalize on certain aspects of professions such as commercial profitability for the employer and respected status for the profession. Evaluation of professionalism is often implicit and inadequate; and assessing professionalism by relying on abstract and idealized definitions implies that professionalism is a compounded composite of certain set of stable traits. We suggest to refer to the theory of values-based practice so as to achieve collocated views on professionalism among employers and health academics. Instead of capitalizing on certain traits of professionalism to project the whole concept of professionalism, we may need to relook at the traits of professionalism as values. It is extremely crucial to internalize the values of the health profession in the future health professionals, so that the future health professionals imbibe the professionalism through dialog and democratic methods of sharing values during the course of professional development.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals*
Fulltext The relationshp between caffeine intake and aggression levels among University Suksis Corp Athletes

Megat Muhammad Asri Salleh, Normah Jusoh

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2020;9(2):38-46.
MyJurnal

Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara pengambilan kafein dan tahap keagresifan dalam kalangan atlet Kor SUKSIS. Kajian ini berbentuk kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik berkaitan pengambilan kafein dan tahap keagresifan The Judgements About Moral Behavior in Youth Sport (JAMBYSQ). Peserta kajian terdiri daripada 80 orang atlet sukan berpasukan SUKSIS yang dipilih secara rawak. Data telah dianalisis menggunakan ujian statistik deskriptif, ujian t tidak bersandar dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat perbezaan signifikan (p = 0.014) bagi tahap kekerapan pengambilan kafein antara atlet lelaki (2.00 ± 0.87) dan atlet perempuan (1.50 ± 0.76). Selain itu, bagi tahap keagresifan pula tidak terdapat perbezaan signifikan antara atlet lelaki (3.37 ± 0.60) dan atlet perempuan (3.23 ± 0.66) serta tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengambilan kafein dengan tahap keagresifan semasa bersukan (r = 0.024, n = 80, p =0.831). Kesimpulannya, walaupun kekerapan pengambilan kafein berbeza mengikut jantina tetapi ia tidak mempengaruhi tahap keagresifan dalam kalangan atlet Kor SUKSIS. Oleh itu, terdapat keperluan untuk mengkaji dos kafein yang sesuai yang dapat mencetus tahap keagresifan dalam kalangan atlet

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext A Preliminary Insight into an Islamic Mechanism for Neuroethics

Baharuddin A, Musa MN, Salleh SS

Malays J Med Sci, 2016 Jan;23(1):1-3.
PMID: 27540319 MyJurnal

Muslim relies on the structure or guideline of shari'ah or the maqasid al-shariah, which consist of five essential values, namely preservation/protection of faith, life, intellect, property, and dignity/lineage - to guide them in discovering guiding principles for new concerns such as posed by neuroscience. Like in the case of brain imaging technology, there is in need for proper explanation within Islamic and among the Muslim scientists/scholars on how Islamic beliefs, values, and practices might cumulatively provide 'different' meanings to the practice and application of this technology, or whether it is in line with the shari'ah - in the context of preservation of health and protection of disease. This paper highlights the Islamic mechanism for neuroethics as basis for a holistic ethical framework of neuroscience to cope with its new, modern, and emerging technologies in the globalised world, and how Muslim should response to such changes.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Maqasid al-shariah as a complementary framework to conventional bioethics

Saifuddeen SM, Rahman NN, Isa NM, Baharuddin A

Sci Eng Ethics, 2014 Jun;20(2):317-27.
PMID: 23836155 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-013-9457-0

With the rapid advancements made in biotechnology, bioethical discourse has become increasingly important. Bioethics is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field that goes beyond the realm of natural sciences, and has involved fields in the domain of the social sciences. One of the important areas in bioethical discourse is religion. In a country like Malaysia, where Muslims make up the majority of the population, Islam plays a crucial role in providing the essential guidelines on the permissibility and acceptability of biotechnological applications in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and food processing. This article looks at the framework of a complementary model of bioethics derived from the perspective of Islam. The framework is based on 'maqasid al-shariah' (purposes or objectives of Islamic law) which aims to protect and preserve mankind's faith, life, intellect, progeny, and property. It is proposed that 'maqasid al-shariah' be used as a pragmatic checklist that can be utilized in tackling bioethical issues and dilemmas.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals*
Fulltext The ethics of penal amputation

Das AK

Indian J Med Ethics, 2020 5 13;V(2):143-148.
PMID: 32393455 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2020.032

Malaysia is a South East Asian country with a racially diverse population. Islam is the state religion and about 60% of the population is Muslim, but the rights of other religious groups are protected by law. The Parti Islam se Malaysia, which has ruled the state of Kelantan since 1999, and believes that Malaysia should be ruled by Sharia law, recently proposed the implementation of Hudud laws in Kelantan. However, the federal government has ruled out its implementation. The suggestion stirred up a controversy among the physician community and the Malaysian Medical Association rejected a proposal by the state's political leadership to utilise the services of qualified surgeons to carry out punitive limb amputations. Several Islamic states such as Sudan, Saudi Arabia, and Iran practice Islamic penal justice, including amputations. The question therefore arises: how should a modern medical practitioner approach this ethical question? This study focuses mainly on Malaysia, but draws upon practices in other Islamic countries also.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals*
Islamic moral judgement on abortion and its nursing applications: expository analysis

Mohamad Ismail MF, Abdullahi Hashi A, Bin Nurumal MS, Bin Md Isa ML

Enferm Clin, 2018 Feb;28 Suppl 1:212-216.
PMID: 29650189 DOI: 10.1016/S1130-8621(18)30070-6

Health workers, like nurses are tasked to save the lives of their patients, however, there are instances in which health workers have to deal with difficult cases in taking a life, such as abortion. Scholars in the field of healthcare assert that abortion is morally justified if it is sought for health reasons. Nevertheless, there are a number of cases in which abortion is sought on other grounds other than health, such as the individual choice to do so. Can a nurse refuse to provide their professional service towards these people? This paper uses analytical and comparative methods to address ethical issues in abortion from the Islamic and conventional perspectives. Nursing implication: Since the nurses instruct and assist people in forming a decision as they engage in nursing care, utilising a comprehensive view of abortion based on Islamic sources would provide a foundation in Muslim perspectives as they interact with Muslim patients. The subject area to investigate the degree of knowledge among nurses regarding the Islamic moral judgement on this event is extremely recommended for future management.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals*
Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy: An Islamic Perspective

Ibrahim AH, Rahman NNA, Saifuddeen SM

J Bioeth Inq, 2023 Sep;20(3):485-495.
PMID: 37440155 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10279-y

Mitochondrial replacement technology (MRT) is an emerging and complex bioethical issue. This treatment aims to eliminate maternal inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders. For Muslims, its introduction affects every aspect of human life, especially the five essential interests of human beings-namely, religion, life, lineage, intellect, and property. Thus, this technology must be assessed using a comprehensive and holistic approach addressing these human essential interests. Consequently, this article analyses and assesses tri-parent baby technology from the perspective of Maqasidic bioethics-that is, Islamic bioethics based on the framework of Maqasid al-Shariah. Using this analysis, this article suggests that tri-parent baby technology should not be permitted for Muslims due to the existence of third-party cell gametes which lead to lineage mixing and due to the uncertain safety of the therapy itself and because the major aim of the technology is to fulfil the affected couples interest to conceive their own genetically healthy child, not to treat and cure mtDNA disorders sufferers.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals*
Fulltext The importance of Good Clinical Practice guidelines and its role in clinical trials

Vijayananthan A, Nawawi O

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2008 Jan;4(1):e5.
PMID: 21614316 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.4.1.e5

Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses and reporting of clinical trials. It also serves to protect the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects. It is very important to understand the background of the formation of the ICH-GCP guidelines as this, in itself, explains the reasons and the need for doing so. In this paper, we address the historical background and the events that led up to the formation of these guidelines. Today, the ICH-GCP guidelines are used in clinical trials throughout the globe with the main aim of protecting and preserving human rights.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext The Shortage of Malaysian Stem Cell Ethics in Mainstream Database: a Preliminary Study

Nishakanthi G

Asian Bioeth Rev, 2019 Dec;11(4):437-460.
PMID: 33717327 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-019-00102-5

Ethics is a philosophical branch of inquiry that reasons between what is right and wrong. The moral philosophy of Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato from ancient Greek became the basis of most of the western ethics. These days, ethics can be divided based on its inquiries for example, normative, descriptive, metaethics, and applied ethics or based on its theories like utilitarianism, emotivism, and universal ethics. In context with applied ethics that examines issues involving emerging technologies, this study will look into the ethics of Malaysian stem cell technology based on written literature. It was mainly to identify Malaysian literature on stem cell ethics through conventional search since the mainstream international database indicated an obvious shortage. The critical review of this literature will facilitate in the understanding of unique position of Malaysia towards stem cell and its ethics in reference to the limited number. Despite the limitation, this can be a preliminary study urging for more inquiries and exploration to fulfil the multiple perspectives in ethics such as the diversity of Malaysian ethics, the impact of ethics in stem cell regulation in Malaysia, and if western contemporary ethics influences Malaysian ethics particularly involving stem cell technology.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext Patient Isolation during Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Arguments for Physical Family Presence

Voo TC, Lederman Z, Kaur S

Public Health Ethics, 2020 Jul;13(2):133-142.
PMID: 33294029 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phaa024

This article argues that outbreak preparedness and response should implement a 'family presence' policy for infected patients in isolation that includes the option of physical visits and care within the isolation facility under some conditions. While such a 'physical family presence' (PFP) policy could increase infections during an outbreak and may raise moral dilemmas, we argue that it is ethically justified based on the least infringement principle and the need to minimize the harms and burdens of isolation as a restrictive measure. Categorical prohibition of PFP during the course of an outbreak or epidemic is likely to result in unnecessary harms to patients and families, and violate values such as the moral commitments of families to care for each other. Supporting the option of PFP under particular circumstances, on the other hand, will least infringe these moral considerations. An additional reason for a family presence policy is that it may facilitate voluntary cooperation with isolation and other restrictive measures. We provide an analysis of these considerations for supporting modes of family presence during an outbreak emergency, before defending the riskier option of PFP in the isolation facility from plausible objections and concerns.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext Response to Commentary by Adriaan van Es

Das AK

Indian J Med Ethics, 2020 5 13;V(2):151.
PMID: 32393445 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2020.043

I would like to thank Dr Adriaan Van Es for his commentary (1) on my article (2). To start with, let me make one thing clear: I am not sure why he thinks that I am condoning the practice of penal amputation. As I clearly state in my conclusion, the arguments that may (or may not) justify penal amputation are abhorrent in liberal societies. We are on the same side here. But what of those who live in less secular societies where religious faith may be unquestioned? In my opinion, van Es has resorted to a typical example of a tortured form of ethical logic (3), which researchers from countries that have different value systems and different problems have deplored, albeit in a different context.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Greek Nurses' Perception of Hospital Ethical Climate: A Cross-Sectional Study

Fradelos EC, Latsou D, Alikari V, Papathanasiou IV, Roupa A, Balang V, et al.

Adv Exp Med Biol, 2021;1337:17-25.
PMID: 34972887 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_3

This study aimed to examine Greek nurses' perceptions about hospital ethical climate and to investigate the possible difference of those perceptions regarding their demographic and work-related characteristics. The cross-sectional study design was employed in this study in which 286 nurses and nurse assistants participated. Data were collected by a sheet containing demographic and work-related characteristics and the Greek version of the Oslons' Hospital Ethical Climate Scale. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25 was used in data analysis. Frequencies, means, percentages, and standard deviations summarized the data. For the statistical differences, parametric tests were performed. Independent Samples t and Pearson correlation analysis were used to determine the relationship between the ethical climate of the hospital and the nurses' characteristics. The p-values 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean age of the nurses was 44 years (SD: 8.5 years; range 24-66 years). The majority of them were women (77.3%). A percent of 57.7% of the sample was married. Most positive perceptions were concerning managers (4.01) following by peers (3.82), patients (3.69), hospitals (3.29) while the least positive perceptions of the ethical climate were concerning the physicians (3.16). The factors associated with hospital ethical perception were: working experience and responsible position. The highest score of ethical climate reported to managers subscale, while the minimum score was related to physicians. In general, Greek nurses reported positive perceptions regarding hospital ethical climate. The positive ethical climate is associated with a better working environment, fewer nurses' experience of moral distress, fewer chances for nursing turnover, high quality of nursing care, and fewer errors in nursing practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals*
Fulltext Massive open online courses (MOOCs) for continuing medical education - why and how?

Setia S, Tay JC, Chia YC, Subramaniam K

Adv Med Educ Pract, 2019;10:805-812.
PMID: 31572042 DOI: 10.2147/AMEP.S219104

Continuing medical education (CME) is meant to not only improve clinicians' knowledge and skills but also lead to better patient care processes and outcomes. The delivery of CME should be able to encourage the health providers to accept new evidence-based practices, and discard or discontinue less effective care. However, continuing use of expensive yet least effective and inappropriate tools and techniques predominates for CME delivery. Hence, the evidence shows a disconnect between evidence-based recommendations and real-world practice - borne out by less than optimal patient outcomes or treatment targets not being met especially in low- to middle-income countries. There is an ethical and professional obligation on CME-providers and decision-makers to safeguard that CME interventions are appraised not only for their quality and effectiveness but also for cost-effectiveness. The process of learning needs to be engaging, convenient, user-friendly and of minimal cost, especially where it is most needed. Today's technology permits these characteristics to be integrated, along with further enhancement of the engagement process. We review the literature on the mechanics of CME learning that utilizes today's technology tools and propose a framework for more engaging, efficient and cost-effective approach that implements massive open online courses for CME, adapted for the twenty-first century.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext PERANAN WANITA ISLAM DALAM MENYAMPAIKAN MESEJ DAKWAH KEPADA MASYARAKAT MENURUT PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN

Aini Sofea Che Daud & Berhanundin Abdullah

AL-QIYAM International Social Science and Humanities Journal, 2018;1(1):1-10.
MyJurnal

The involvement of women preachers in the field of preaching is also a major contributor to the process of delivering the preaching to the community. Thus, the importance of Islamic women's role in delivering the content of their preaching focused on aspects related to women and society based on the main sources of the Quran and the sunnah. Therefore, the objective of this study is to study the role of Muslim women in delivering the message of preaching to the community according to the Quranic perspective. This study uses qualitative method which is a documentary study which is accompanied by the arguments of the Quran, Hadith and the views of several commentators on the topic of the study. The study found that women play a very important role in communicating the message of faith such as issues of faith, sharia, morals and current issues of women and society based on the Quranic message. This is because the Muslim preacher's delivery is more personalized and influenced by a more feminine and family-oriented approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext The ethical decision making model in obstetrics and gynaecology practice

Nazimah Idris, Sivalingam Nalliah

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2014;8(1):44-49.
MyJurnal

This paper attempts to utilise clinical scenarios where ethical issues are embedded and requires appropriate application of the steps of the framework mentioned. A step by step sequential approach is adopted to illustrate how the ‘ethical decision model ‘can be used to resolve ethical problems to arrive at a reasonable conclusion. The UNESCO ethical method of reasoning is used as the framework for decision making. Physician-educators should be competent to use ethical decision models as well as best available scientific evidence to be able to arrive at the best decision for patient care as well as teach health professional trainees how reasonable treatment decisions can be made within the perimeter of medical law and social justice.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext Perlaksanaan sistem pengurusan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di makmal perubatan: faktor dorongan dan halangan utama

Anuar, I., Zahedi, F., Kadir, A., Mokhtar, A.B.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2010;16(1):10-20.
MyJurnal

Background : The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) requires a level of measurement. The effectiveness of OSHMS implementation was influenced by inhibiting and supporting factors. The objective of this study was to determine the inhibiting and supporting factors towards the implementation of OSHMS in medical laboratories.
Methodology : The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) requires a level of measurement. The effectiveness of OSHMS implementation was influenced by inhibiting and supporting factors. The objective of this study was to determine the inhibiting and supporting factors towards the implementation of OSHMS in medical laboratories.
Result : This study showed the level of compliance to the OSHMS MS1722 guideline among medical laboratories who are MS ISO 15189 accredited & have a higher scores in overall measurement indicators OSHMS compared to those do not have SAMM accreditation. Private medical laboratories services have higher scores in overall measurement indicators OSHMS, compared to government medical laboratories. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between medical laboratories which have ISO 9000 quality management system certification, compared to level of compliance to the OSHMS MS 1722 guideline among medical laboratories. There was also no significant difference (p>0.05) between the laboratories who had been operating for more than 10 years compared to those with less than 10 years, towards implementing the OSHMS. Results showed that majority of medical laboratories management perceived that difficulty and complexities of OSH legislation are the most important factor that prevent them from implementing OSHMS in their organization. The most important supporting factor, that medical laboratories management perceived as the most important to comply to the OSHMS were their moral responsibilities towards the community.
Conclusion : In conclusion, the study shows there were many inhibiting and supporting factors that contribute towards effective implementation of OSHMS elements in workplace.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals
Fulltext Review on HIV among women in nursing perspective

Mardiana Mansor

The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 2017;9(1):81-88.
MyJurnal

The article review was to identify, discuss, explore, critically analyze and evaluate the scenario of Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus (HIV) among women in nursing perspective taking into account global perspective. The current aim is to reduce the number of HIV globally, especially among women. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered as a disease state of hopelessness and imminent death. HIV and AIDS status demotivate the women emotionally in physical, social, and emotional perspectives. HIV-positive women portray of AIDS is deeply discrediting; with physical failure, moral failure, and social ostracism.

Matched MeSH terms: Morals

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