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Fulltext Role of Ca2+ doping on the enhancement of dielectric properties of Sr2-xCaxNiWO6 for energy storage device application

Mohamed Saadon NAF, Taib NI, Loy CW, Mohamed Z

Sci Rep, 2023 Jan 23;13(1):1246.
PMID: 36690692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28296-7

In this paper, Sr2-xCaxNiWO6 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, optical and dielectric properties of the compounds were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive (EDX) analysis, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy respectively. The Rietveld refinement of XRD confirmed that the compounds crystallized in a tetragonal structure with a space group I4/m. According to the SEM images, the grain sizes of the compounds decreased as the dopant increased. The UV-vis analysis revealed that the band gap energy of the compounds decreased from 3.17 eV to 3.13 eV as the amount of doping increased from x = 0.00 to x = 0.06. A dielectric characterization showed that the dielectric constant (ε') and dielectric loss (tan δ) for all compounds possessed a similar trend where it was higher in low-frequency area (~ 1 Hz) and dropped instantaneously with the enhancement of frequency up to 1 MHz until it reached constant values.
Fulltext An Evaluation of the Quality of Plain Radiograph Interpretations by Radiology Trainees: A Single Institution Experience

A Halim NI, Mohd Zaki F, Manan HA, Mohamed Z

Diagnostics (Basel), 2022 Aug 12;12(8).
PMID: 36010304 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081954

Introduction: The primary communication between the radiologist and referrer is through the radiological report. However, there are incidents of misinterpretation during radiologist training. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy level and incidence of interpretation errors for plain radiographs among radiology trainees at our institution. Materials and Methods: The present study retrospectively reviewed 508 reported plain radiographs for one year, and two radiologists subsequently evaluated these plain radiographs. The initial diagnosis by the trainee was compared with the radiologists’ evaluation, and the results were categorized as either ‘accurate’, ‘minor discrepancy’, or ‘major discrepancy’. The data were analyzed concerning the overall performance, year of trainee, anatomic area, patient age group, and radiograph type. A chi-square test was performed, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: The overall accuracy rate was 69%, with minor and major discrepancy rates of 21% and 10%, respectively. There was an insignificant increase in overall accuracy with increased years of training, despite a reduction to 58% accuracy among Year 3 trainees. The accuracy level increased between Year 1, Year 2 and Year 4 by 70%, 71% and 75%, respectively (p > 0.05). The accuracy rates for both the adult and pediatric age groups were not statistically significant. The mobile radiographs showed lower accuracy rate of reporting than the plain radiographs. Conclusion: The radiological trainee interpretations for plain radiographs had an average rating with low discrepancy rates. The Year 3 trainees had the lowest accuracy compared to the other trainee groups. However, the present study suggests the need for further research to determine if the current outcomes are outliers or are indicative of a real phenomenon.
Fulltext Evaluation of two short tandem repeat multiplex systems for post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation chimerism analysis

Ariffin H, Daud SS, Mohamed Z, Ibrahim K, Lee TF, Chong LA

Singapore Med J, 2007 Apr;48(4):333-7.
PMID: 17384881

The follow-up of chimerism status after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is essential to predict successful engraftment to assess the development of graft-versus-host disease, graft rejection and disease relapse. Analysis of short tandem repeats (STR) via polymerase chain reaction is frequently used for chimerism determination. However, most commercially-available kits have been designed for forensic purposes and may not be optimal for chimerism analysis. The present study aims to identify suitable STR markers for patient-donor pairs of predominantly Malay and Chinese ethnicity using two commercially-available forensic kits.
Fulltext GATA1 mutations in a cohort of Malaysian children with Down syndrome-associated myeloid disorder

Lum SH, Choong SS, Krishnan S, Mohamed Z, Ariffin H

Singapore Med J, 2016 Jun;57(6):320-4.
PMID: 27353457 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2016106

INTRODUCTION: Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of developing distinctive clonal myeloid disorders, including transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukaemia of DS (ML-DS). TAM connotes a spontaneously resolving congenital myeloproliferative state observed in 10%-20% of DS newborns. Following varying intervals of apparent remission, a proportion of children with TAM progress to develop ML-DS in early childhood. Therefore, TAM and ML-DS represent a biological continuum. Both disorders are characterised by recurring truncating somatic mutations of the GATA1 gene, which are considered key pathogenetic events.
METHODS: We herein report, to our knowledge, the first observation on the frequency and nature of GATA1 gene mutations in a cohort of Malaysian children with DS-associated TAM (n = 9) and ML-DS (n = 24) encountered successively over a period of five years at a national referral centre.
RESULTS: Of the 29 patients who underwent GATA1 analysis, GATA1 mutations were observed in 15 (51.7%) patients, including 6 (75.0%) out of 8 patients with TAM, and 9 (42.9%) of 21 patients with ML-DS. All identified mutations were located in exon 2 and the majority were sequence-terminating insertions or deletions (66.7%), including several hitherto unreported mutations (12 out of 15).
CONCLUSION: The low frequency of GATA1 mutations in ML-DS patients is unusual and potentially indicates distinctive genomic events in our patient cohort.
Association of deleted in liver cancer-1 gene polymorphism with increased risk of chronicity of disease among Malaysian patients with hepatitis B infection

Riazalhosseini B, Mohamed R, Devi Apalasamy Y, Mohamed Z

Pharmacogenet Genomics, 2021 Dec 01;31(9):185-190.
PMID: 34320605 DOI: 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000439

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the association between genetic variations in deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) gene with progression of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
METHODS: A total of 623 subjects were included in this study, of whom, 423 were chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients without liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 103 CHB with either liver cirrhosis ± HCC and 97 individuals who had resolved HBV. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs3739298 and rs532841 of DLC1 gene were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform.
RESULTS: Our results indicated significant differences between the chronic HBV and resolved HBV groups in genotype and allele frequencies of DLC1-rs3739298 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-3.99; P = 0.007] and (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.07-2.22; P = 0.021), respectively. Moreover, haplotype analysis revealed significant associations between chronicity of HBV with TG and GA haplotypes (P = 0.041 and P = 0.042), respectively.
CONCLUSION: A significant association exists between the rs3739298 variant and susceptibility to CHB infection.
Fulltext Fusion of protegrin-1 and plectasin to MAP30 shows significant inhibition activity against dengue virus replication

Rothan HA, Bahrani H, Mohamed Z, Abd Rahman N, Yusof R

PLoS One, 2014;9(4):e94561.
PMID: 24722532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094561

Dengue virus (DENV) broadly disseminates in tropical and sub-tropical countries and there are no vaccine or anti-dengue drugs available. DENV outbreaks cause serious economic burden due to infection complications that requires special medical care and hospitalization. This study presents a new strategy for inexpensive production of anti-DENV peptide-fusion protein to prevent and/or treat DENV infection. Antiviral cationic peptides protegrin-1 (PG1) and plectasin (PLSN) were fused with MAP30 protein to produce recombinant antiviral peptide-fusion protein (PG1-MAP30-PLSN) as inclusion bodies in E. coli. High yield production of PG1-MAP30-PLSN protein was achieved by solubilization of inclusion bodies in alkaline buffer followed by the application of appropriate refolding techniques. Antiviral PG1-MAP30-PLSN protein considerably inhibited DENV protease (NS2B-NS3pro) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.5±0.1 μM. The real-time proliferation assay (RTCA) and the end-point proliferation assay (MTT assay) showed that the maximal-nontoxic dose of the peptide-fusion protein against Vero cells is approximately 0.67±0.2 μM. The cell-based assays showed considerable inhibition of the peptide-fusion protein against binding and proliferating stages of DENV2 into the target cells. The peptide-fusion protein protected DENV2-challeged mice with 100% of survival at the dose of 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, producing recombinant antiviral peptide-fusion protein by combining short antiviral peptide with a central protein owning similar activity could be useful to minimize the overall cost of short peptide production and take advantage of its synergistic antiviral activities.
Fulltext An Association Map on the Effect of Flavonoids on the Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer

Koosha S, Alshawsh MA, Looi CY, Seyedan A, Mohamed Z

Int J Med Sci, 2016;13(5):374-85.
PMID: 27226778 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14485

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer in the world, causing thousands of deaths annually. Although chemotherapy is known to be an effective treatment to combat colon cancer, it produces severe side effects. Natural products, on the other hand, appear to generate fewer side effects than do chemotherapeutic drugs. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in various fruits and vegetables known to possess antioxidant activities, and the literature shows that several of these flavonoids have anti-CRC propertiesFlavonoids are classified into five main subclasses: flavonols, flavanones, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and flavanonols. Of these subclasses, the flavanonols have a minimum effect against CRC, whereas the flavones play an important role. The main targets for the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on CRC signaling pathways are caspase; nuclear factor kappa B; mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9; p53; β-catenin; cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and CDK4; and cyclins A, B, D, and E. In this review article, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies that have been performed since 2000 on the anti-CRC properties of flavonoids. We also describe the signaling pathways affected by flavonoids that have been found to be involved in CRC. Some flavonoids have the potential to be an effective alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of colon cancer; well-controlled clinical studies should, however, be conducted to support this proposal.
Fulltext Progesterone Receptor (PGR) gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to preterm birth

Langmia IM, Apalasamy YD, Omar SZ, Mohamed Z

BMC Med Genet, 2015;16:63.
PMID: 26286601 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0202-1

Preterm birth (PTB) is the major cause of death in newborn and the second major cause of death in children less than 5 years old worldwide. Genetic polymorphism has been implicated as a factor for the occurrence of preterm birth. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether polymorphism in the progesterone receptor (PGR) is associated with susceptibility to preterm birth.
Fulltext Medicinal Plants and Their Inhibitory Activities against Pancreatic Lipase: A Review

Seyedan A, Alshawsh MA, Alshagga MA, Koosha S, Mohamed Z

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:973143.
PMID: 26640503 DOI: 10.1155/2015/973143

Obesity is recognized as a major life style disorder especially in developing countries and it is prevailing at an alarming speed in new world countries due to fast food intake, industrialization, and reduction of physical activity. Furthermore, it is associated with a vast number of chronic diseases and disabilities. To date, relatively effective drugs, from either natural or synthetic sources, are generally associated with serious side effects, often leading to cessation of clinical trials or even withdrawal from the market. In order to find new compounds which are more effective or with less adverse effects compared to orlistat, the drug that has been approved for obesity, new compounds isolated from natural products are being identified and screened for antiobesity effects, in particular, for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity has been extensively used for the determination of potential efficacy of natural products as antiobesity agents. In attempts to identify natural products for overcoming obesity, more researches have been focused on the identification of newer pancreatic lipase inhibitors with less unpleasant adverse effects. In this review, we consider the potential role of plants that have been investigated for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.
Fulltext Interleukin-6 gene variants are associated with reduced risk of chronicity in hepatitis B virus infection in a Malaysian population

Riazalhosseini B, Mohamed Z, Apalasamy YD, Shafie NS, Mohamed R

Biomed Rep, 2018 Sep;9(3):213-220.
PMID: 30271596 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1126

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with a critical role in regulating the immune response to infectious disease. Studies have indicated that polymorphisms in the IL-6 gene may be linked to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association among IL-6 SNPs and haplotypes with HBV infection risk in a Malaysian population. A total of 1,246 Malaysian subjects with and without chronic hepatitis B were recruited for this study. Three IL-6 polymorphisms (rs2069837, rs1800796 and rs2066992) were genotyped using a Sequenom MassARRAY® platform. The results suggested that GC and CC genotypes of rs1800796 as well as GT and TT genotypes of rs2066992 were associated with protection against HBV infection (P<0.001). Furthermore, haplotypes GG and CT exhibited a significant association with protection against HBV (P=0.003 and =0.005, respectively); and haplotypes GG and CT exhibited a significant association with clearance of HBV infection (P=0.035 and =0.037, respectively). The present study indicates that two IL-6 SNPs (rs1800796 and rs2066992) are associated with clearance of chronic HBV or protection against HBV infection at allelic, genotypic and haplotypic levels.
Detection of Congenital Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus Infections Using Paired Sample Serodiagnosis from Suspected Cases at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

Elmi AH, Irekeola AA, Abdullah MA, Mohamed Z

Malays J Med Sci, 2024 Aug;31(4):101-110.
PMID: 39247115 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.4.8

BACKGROUND: Congenital toxoplasmosis and congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infections are noteworthy in Malaysia and can cause serious health problems in neonates. The prompt and effective detection and treatment related to both illnesses may mitigate the possibility of adverse consequences from both infections.
METHODS: A total of 219 neonates with suspected clinical indications of congenital toxoplasmosis and/or cCMV infections from January 2022 to December 2022 were enrolled. The first samples for IgM and IgG antibodies were screened by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. For positive results indicative of congenital toxoplasmosis and cCMV infections, second serum samples were requested and tested within a period of 2-4 weeks after testing the first sample.
RESULTS: From the 219 first serum samples, the overall seroprevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis antibodies in suspected cases was 53%; meanwhile, the overall seroprevalence of cCMV in the suspected cases was 98.6%. The results of the paired serum sample collected for investigating congenital toxoplasmosis cases revealed that 47% of the cases presented no serological evidence of exposure while the remaining 53% of cases might have acquired passive immunity from the mother. For cCMV, the number of cases with no serological evidence of exposure was 1.4%, whereas acute infection was 1.8% and possible passive immunity from the mother represented 96.8%.
CONCLUSION: This study found a high seroprevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis and cCMV infections, probably because they are suspected cases. This study also indicates that using paired sample analysis in the categorisation of cases can aid in accurate diagnosis and more effective treatment.
Fulltext In vitro pharmacodynamic profile of Loranthus ferrugineus: evidence for noncompetitive antagonism of norepinephrine-induced vascular contraction

Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Najim HS, Abdullah GZ, Abdulkarim MF, Yam MF, et al.

J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 2010 Dec;3(4):272-82.
PMID: 21185543 DOI: 10.1016/S2005-2901(10)60048-9

The mode by which Loranthus ferrugineus methanol extract antagonizes and/or modulates norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was investigated in rat aortic rings. The vascular effects of three different concentrations of this extract were challenged against cumulative additions of norepinephrine. Phentolamine, a nonselective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, verapamil, an L-type calcium channel blocker, and papaverine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, were used in three different concentrations as positive controls. Log concentration-response curves and double-reciprocal plots were constructed for the extract and each vasorelaxant. To characterize antagonism reversibility, the norepinephrine maximum contractile effect was examined before extract addition to the aortic ring chamber and after its removal. Phentolamine shifted the norepinephrine log concentration-response curve to the right with no significant depression in the maximum response. Similar to verapamil and papaverine, the extract produced a rightward shift in norepinephrine log concentration-response curve and a significant drop in maximum response. The double-reciprocal plots showed comparable y-intercept values for all phentolamine concentrations, a characteristic of competitive antagonism. In contrast, different y-intercept values on double-reciprocal plots were obtained for each concentration of extract, verapamil, and papaverine, typical of noncompetitive antagonism. The norepinephrine maximum contractile response was approximately similar before the addition of extract and after its removal. The data collectively showed that L. ferrugineus methanol extract exerted its vascular effect by reversible noncompetitive antagonism of norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction. These findings add to the understanding of the cardiovascular mechanisms by which L. ferrugineus, a plant traditionally used for the management of hypertension, elicits its action.
Characterization of the possible mechanisms underlying the hypotensive and spasmogenic effects of Loranthus ferrugineus methanolic extract

Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Siddiqui MJ, Yam MF, Sriramaneni RN, Sadikun A, et al.

Am J Chin Med, 2009;37(5):991-1008.
PMID: 19885958

In the present study, L. ferrugineus methanol extract (LFME) was evaluated for its blood pressure lowering effect in anesthetized normotensive Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and its spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea pig ileum. The possible mechanism(s) of action were also investigated. LFME was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The rats were fasted overnight and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (60 mg/kg i.p.). LFME was administered in i.v. boluses in the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively, with concomitant monitoring of mean arterial pressure (MAP). It was found that LFME dose-dependently reduced MAP. An i.v. bolus injection of atropine significantly decreased the blood pressure lowering effect of LFME. Similarly, L-NAME (Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) significantly lowered both the MAP and the action duration. Conversely, no significant change in MAP was seen following i.v. injections of neostigmine, hexamethonium, prazosin and propranolol. LFME also produced a dose-dependent contractile effect in guinea pig ileum. This contraction was significantly reduced in atropine pre-incubated tissue segments, yet it was significantly enhanced in the presence of neostigmine. No appreciable change in the ability of LFME to contract guinea pig ileum was seen in the presence of hexamethonium. Accordingly, it can be postulated that LFME possesses a marked hypotensive effect that can be attributed to stimulation of muscarinic receptors and/or stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) release. Moreover, LFME retains a considerable spasmogenic action due to its cholinergic properties. The hypotensive and spasmogenic effects of LFME justify its traditional uses.
Fulltext Curcuma purpurascens BI. rhizome accelerates rat excisional wound healing: involvement of Hsp70/Bax proteins, antioxidant defense, and angiogenesis activity

Rouhollahi E, Moghadamtousi SZ, Hajiaghaalipour F, Zahedifard M, Tayeby F, Awang K, et al.

Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:5805-13.
PMID: 26604683 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S88196

Curcuma purpurascens BI. is a member of Zingiberaceae family. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wound healing properties of hexane extract of C. purpurascens rhizome (HECP) against excisional wound healing in rats.
Fingolimod affects gene expression profile associated with LPS-induced memory impairment

Omidbakhsh R, Rajabli B, Nasoohi S, Khallaghi B, Mohamed Z, Naidu M, et al.

Exp Brain Res, 2014 Nov;232(11):3687-96.
PMID: 25098558 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4052-4

Lipopolysaccharide is an endotoxin to induce sickness behavior in several animal models to explore the link between immune activation and cognition. Neuroinflammation playing a pivotal role in disease progress is evidently influenced by sphingosine-1-phosphate. As one of the sphingosine analogs in clinical use for multiple sclerosis, fingolimod (FTY720) was shown to substantially affect gene expression profile in the context of AD in our previous experiments. The present study was designed to evaluate the drug efficacy in the context of the mere inflammatory context leading to memory impairment. FTY720 was repeatedly administered for a few days before or after intracerebral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in rats. Animal's brains were then assigned to histological as well as multiplex mRNA assay following memory performance test. Both FTY720 pre-treatment and post-treatment were similarly capable of ameliorating LPS-induced memory impairment as assessed by passive avoidance test. Such amending effects may be partly accountable by the concomitant alterations in transcriptional levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as inflammatory genes determined by QuantiGene Plex analysis. These findings confirming FTY720 application benefits suggest its efficacy may not differ significantly while considered either as a preventive or as a therapeutic approach against neuroinflammation.
Preconditioning as a potential strategy for the prevention of Parkinson's disease

Golpich M, Rahmani B, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Dargahi L, Mohamed Z, Raymond AA, et al.

Mol Neurobiol, 2015 Feb;51(1):313-30.
PMID: 24696268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8689-6

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the progressive and massive loss of dopaminergic neurons by neuronal apoptosis in the substantia nigra pars compacta and depletion of dopamine in the striatum, which lead to pathological and clinical abnormalities. A numerous of cellular processes including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates are considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. A further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of PD is crucial for developing effective diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies to cure this devastating disorder. Preconditioning (PC) is assumed as a natural adaptive process whereby a subthreshold stimulus can promote protection against a subsequent lethal stimulus in the brain as well as in other tissues that affords robust brain tolerance facing neurodegenerative insults. Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that preconditioning as a possible neuroprotective technique may reduce the neural deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Throughout the last few decades, a lot of efforts have been made to discover the molecular determinants involved in preconditioning-induced protective responses; although, the accurate mechanisms underlying this "tolerance" phenomenon are not fully understood in PD. In this review, we will summarize pathophysiology and current therapeutic approaches in PD and discuss about preconditioning in PD as a potential neuroprotective strategy. Also the role of gene reprogramming and mitochondrial biogenesis involved in the preconditioning-mediated neuroprotective events will be highlighted. Preconditioning may represent a promising therapeutic weapon to combat neurodegeneration.
Crosstalk between insulin and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in the central nervous system

Hemmati F, Ghasemi R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Dargahi L, Mohamed Z, Raymond AA, et al.

Mol Neurobiol, 2014 Dec;50(3):797-810.
PMID: 24464263 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8631-3

Neuroinflammation is known as a key player in a variety of neurodegenerative and/or neurological diseases. Brain Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are leading elements in the initiation and progression of neuroinflammation and the development of different neuronal diseases. Furthermore, TLR activation is one of the most important elements in the induction of insulin resistance in different organs such as the central nervous system. Involvement of insulin signaling dysregulation and insulin resistance are also shown to contribute to the pathology of neurological diseases. Considering the important roles of TLRs in neuroinflammation and central insulin resistance and the effects of these processes in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative and neurological diseases, here we are going to review current knowledge about the potential crosstalk between TLRs and insulin signaling pathways in neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system.
Fulltext G2677T polymorphism can predict treatment outcome of Malaysians with complex partial seizures being treated with Carbamazepine

Subenthiran S, Abdullah NR, Muniandy PK, Joseph JP, Cheong KC, Ismail Z, et al.

Genet. Mol. Res., 2013;12(4):5937-44.
PMID: 24338387 DOI: 10.4238/2013.November.26.3

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used as the first line of treatment of complex partial seizures (CPS) in Malaysia. While this drug is known to be effective for the treatment of CPS, more than 30% of patients remain drug resistant to CBZ mono-therapy. We examined a possible relationship between patients' response to CBZ mono-therapy and the G2677T SNP of the ABCB1 gene. Three hundred and fourteen patients with CPS were recruited from the Neurology Department of the Kuala Lumpur Hospital, of whom 152 were responders and the other 162 were non-responders to CBZ mono-therapy. DNA was extracted from blood samples and real-time PCR was performed to detect the G2677T SNP of the ABCB1 gene. Results were described as genotype frequencies and compared by logistic regression analysis. Among the 152 responders, 74% had the GG genotype. However, among the 162 non-responders, 26.5% had the GT genotype and 39% had the TT genotype. There was a significant difference in genotype frequency (TT vs GG; odds ratio 4.70; 95% confidence interval, 2.70-8.20) between responders and non-responders. The presence of the T allele of the G2677T SNP appears to be a useful screening marker to determine if a patient is going to be resistant to CBZ as a single drug therapy in the treatment of CPS.
Association of ADRA2A and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with weight loss following antipsychotic switching to aripiprazole or ziprasidone

Roffeei SN, Reynolds GP, Zainal NZ, Said MA, Hatim A, Aida SA, et al.

Hum Psychopharmacol, 2014 Jan;29(1):38-45.
PMID: 24424705 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2366

Various genetic polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. In this study, we aimed to determine whether risk polymorphisms in 12 candidate genes are associated with reduction in body mass index (BMI) of patients following switching of antipsychotics to aripiprazole or ziprasidone.
Association of ADIPOQ gene with obesity and adiponectin levels in Malaysian Malays

Apalasamy YD, Rampal S, Salim A, Moy FM, Bulgiba A, Mohamed Z

Mol Biol Rep, 2014 May;41(5):2917-21.
PMID: 24449366 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3147-0

Studies have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the ADIPOQ gene have been linked with obesity and with adiponectin levels in various populations. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of ADIPOQ rs17366568 and rs3774261 SNPs with obesity and with adiponectin levels in Malaysian Malays. Obesity parameters and adiponectin levels were measured in 574 subjects. Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Sequenom MassARRAY. A significant genotypic association was observed between ADIPOQ rs17366568 and obesity. The frequencies of AG and AA genotypes were significantly higher in the obese group (11%) than in the non-obese group (5%) (P=0.024). The odds of A alleles occurring among the obese group were twice those among the non-obese group (odds ratio 2.15; 95% confidence interval 1.13-4.09). However, no significant association was found between allelic frequencies of ADIPOQ rs17366568 and obesity after Bonferroni correction (P>0.025) or between ADIPOQ rs3774261 and obesity both at allelic and genotypic levels. ADIPOQ SNPs were not significantly associated with log-adiponectin levels. GA, GG, and AG haplotypes of the ADIPOQ gene were not associated with obesity. We confirmed the previously reported association of ADIPOQ rs17366568 with the risk of obesity. ADIPOQ SNPs are not important modulators of adiponectin levels in this population.

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