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#EEGManyLabs: Investigating the replicability of influential EEG experiments

Pavlov YG 1 , Adamian N 2 , Appelhoff S 3 , Arvaneh M 4 , Benwell CSY 5 , Beste C 6 Show all authors , Bland AR 7 , Bradford DE 8 , Bublatzky F 9 , Busch NA 10 , Clayson PE 11 , Cruse D 12 , Czeszumski A 13 , Dreber A 14 , Dumas G 15 , Ehinger B 16 , Ganis G 17 , He X 18 , Hinojosa JA 19 , Huber-Huber C 20 , Inzlicht M 21 , Jack BN 22 , Johannesson M 23 , Jones R 24 , Kalenkovich E 25 , Kaltwasser L 26 , Karimi-Rouzbahani H 27 , Keil A 28 , König P 29 , Kouara L 30 , Kulke L 31 , Ladouceur CD 32 , Langer N 33 , Liesefeld HR 34 , Luque D 35 , MacNamara A 36 , Mudrik L 37 , Muthuraman M 38 , Neal LB 39 , Nilsonne G 40 , Niso G 41 , Ocklenburg S 42 , Oostenveld R 20 , Pernet CR 43 , Pourtois G 44 , Ruzzoli M 45 , Sass SM 46 , Schaefer A 47 , Senderecka M 48 , Snyder JS 49 , Tamnes CK 50 , Tognoli E 51 , van Vugt MK 52 , Verona E 11 , Vloeberghs R 53 , Welke D 54 , Wessel JR 55 , Zakharov I 56 , Mushtaq F 57

Affiliations 

  • 1 University of Tuebingen, Germany; Ural Federal University, Russia. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 2 University of Aberdeen, UK
  • 3 Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
  • 4 University of Sheffield, UK
  • 5 University of Dundee, UK
  • 6 TU Dresden, Germany
  • 7 Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
  • 8 University of Miami, USA
  • 9 Heidelberg University, Germany
  • 10 University of Münster, Germany
  • 11 University of South Florida, USA
  • 12 University of Birmingham, UK
  • 13 University Osnabrück, Germany
  • 14 Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden; University of Innsbruck, Austria
  • 15 Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
  • 16 University of Stuttgart, Germany
  • 17 University of Plymouth, UK
  • 18 Bournemouth University, UK
  • 19 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Universidad Nebrija, Spain
  • 20 Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  • 21 University of Toronto, Canada
  • 22 The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
  • 23 Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden
  • 24 Department of Psychology, University of Winchester, UK
  • 25 HSE University, Moscow, Russia
  • 26 Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
  • 27 University of Cambridge, UK; Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
  • 28 University of Florida, USA
  • 29 University Osnabrück, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
  • 30 University of Leeds, UK
  • 31 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
  • 32 University of Pittsburgh, USA
  • 33 University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Switzerland
  • 34 University of Bremen, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
  • 35 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Spain
  • 36 Texas A&M University, USA
  • 37 School of Psychological Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
  • 38 Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
  • 39 University of Texas Permian Basin, USA
  • 40 Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Stockholm University, Sweden
  • 41 Indiana University, Bloomington, USA; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Spain
  • 42 Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
  • 43 University of Edinburgh, UK
  • 44 CAPLAB - Ghent University, Belgium
  • 45 University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
  • 46 The University of Texas at Tyler, USA
  • 47 Monash University (Malaysia Campus), Malaysia
  • 48 Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
  • 49 Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
  • 50 University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 51 Florida Atlantic University, USA
  • 52 University of Groningen, the Netherlands
  • 53 KU Leuven, Belgium
  • 54 Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Germany
  • 55 University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA; University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
  • 56 Russian Academy of Education, Russia
  • 57 University of Leeds, UK. Electronic address: [email protected]
Cortex, 2021 11;144:213-229.
PMID: 33965167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.013

Abstract

There is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings about the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardised analysis pipelines. Inspired by recent efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability of some of the most highly cited discoveries. After a systematic search and selection process, we have identified 27 of the most influential and continually cited studies in the field. We plan to directly test the replicability of key findings from 20 of these studies in teams of at least three independent laboratories. The design and protocol of each replication effort will be submitted as a Registered Report and peer-reviewed prior to data collection. Prediction markets, open to all EEG researchers, will be used as a forecasting tool to examine which findings the community expects to replicate. This project will update our confidence in some of the most influential EEG findings and generate a large open access database that can be used to inform future research practices. Finally, through this international effort, we hope to create a cultural shift towards inclusive, high-powered multi-laboratory collaborations.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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