Sonophotocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A and its intermediates with graphitic carbon nitride

Sunasee S 1 , Leong KH 2 , Wong KT 3 , Lee G 1 , Pichiah S 4 , Nah I 5 Show all authors , Jeon BH 6 , Yoon Y 7 , Jang M 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 2 Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
  • 4 Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, -826004, India
  • 5 Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
  • 6 Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
  • 7 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
  • 8 Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea. [email protected]
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 Jan;26(2):1082-1093.
PMID: 28290089 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8729-7

Abstract

Since bisphenol A (BPA) exhibits endocrine disrupting action and high toxicity in aqueous system, there are high demands to remove it completely. In this study, the BPA removal by sonophotocatalysis coupled with nano-structured graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, GCN) was conducted with various batch tests using energy-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) based on ultrasound (US) and visible light (Vis-L). Results of batch tests indicated that GCN-based sonophotocatalysis (Vis-L/US) had higher rate constants than other AOPs and especially two times higher degradation rate than TiO2-based Vis-L/US. This result infers that GCN is effective in the catalytic activity in Vis-L/US since its surface can be activated by Vis-L to transport electrons from valence band (VB) for utilizing holes (h+VB) in the removal of BPA. In addition, US irradiation exfoliated the GCN effectively. The formation of BPA intermediates was investigated in detail by using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). The possible degradation pathway of BPA was proposed.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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