A state-of-the-art review of metal oxide nanoflowers for wastewater treatment: Dye removal

Lee SY 1 , Tan YH 2 , Lau SY 1 , Mubarak NM 3 , Tan YY 4 , Tan IS 1 Show all authors , Lee YH 4 , Ibrahim ML 5 , Karri RR 6 , Khalid M 7 , Chan YS 1 , Adeoye JB 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • 2 Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 3 Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
  • 4 Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • 5 School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 6 Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
  • 7 Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
Environ Res, 2024 Jun 27;259:119448.
PMID: 38942255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119448

Abstract

Dye wastewater consists of high solids concentrations, heavy metals, minor contaminants, dissolved chemical oxygen demand, and microorganisms. Nanoflowers are nanoparticles that resemble flowers when viewed at a microscopic level. Inorganic metal oxide nanoflowers have been discovered to be a potential source for overcoming this situation. Their flower-like features give them a higher surface area to volume ratio and porosity structure, which can absorb a significant amount of dye. The metal oxide nanoflower synthesized from different synthesis methods is used to compare which one is cost-effective and capable of generating a large scale of nanoflower. This review has demonstrated outstanding dye removal efficiency by applying inorganic nanoflowers to dye removal. Since both adsorption and photocatalytic reactions enhance the dye degradation process, complete dye degradation could be achieved. Meanwhile, the inorganic metal oxide nanoflowers' exemplary reusability characteristics with negligible performance drop further prove that this approach is highly sustainable and may help to save costs. This review has proven the momentum of obtaining high dye removal efficiency in wastewater treatment to conclude that the metal oxide nanoflower study is worth researching.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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