Browse publications by year: 1998

  1. Fulltext The occurrence of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) point mutation (SER-108-->ASN-108) in Malaysian isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
    Lim PK, Tan SK, Khoo AS, Noor Rain A, Nagappan S, Mak JW
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1998 Mar;29(1):27-30.
    PMID: 9740263
    MeSH terms: Animals; Malaysia; Plasmodium falciparum/enzymology; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics*; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics*; Point Mutation*
  2. Fulltext Health status of Orang Asli (aborigine) community in Pos Piah, Sungai Siput, Perak, Malaysia
    Norhayati binti Moktar M, Noor Hayati MI, Nor Fariza N, Rohani AK, Halimah AS, Sharom MY, et al.
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1998 Mar;29(1):58-61.
    PMID: 9740269
    A study of health status of Orang Asli population (based on physical examination findings) was conducted in 4 villages in Pos Piah, Sungai Siput Perak, Malaysia. In all 356 individuals between 4 months-72 years old (178 males and 178 females) participated in this study. Poor general health status, physical and mental handicaps were seen in 7.8%, 0.3% and 0.3% of the population, respectively. About one-fifth of the population had dental caries. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly were among the commonest abnormalities with the occurrence rates of 19.8%, 13.7% and 6.7%, respectively, being detected in the population. About one-fifth of the population showed signs suggestive of protein-energy deficiency; whilst less than 5% showed signs indicative of riboflavin, iodine and iron deficiencies. Vitamin A deficiency was the commonest nutritional deficiency identified in this community with almost 38.4% of them showing signs of the deficiency. The commonest skin infection was scabies.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Health Status*; Hepatomegaly/epidemiology; Humans; Infant; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Scabies/epidemiology; Splenomegaly/epidemiology; Oceanic Ancestry Group*; Continental Population Groups
  3. Fulltext Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in raw and cooked food
    Norazah A, Rahizan I, Zainuldin T, Rohani MY, Kamel AG
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1998 Mar;29(1):91-3.
    PMID: 9740276
    A total of 402 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from a variety of food samples and screened for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Screening was carried out using 15 specific monovalent antisera from Murex Diagnostic Limited. A total of 19 E. coli isolates were serotyped as EPEC. The EPEC strains were shown to belong to 8 serotypes. Eight out of 19 EPEC strains belonged to serotype 018C:K77 (B21). Seventeen out of 19 of the EPEC strains were isolated from cooked food. The presence of E. coli in cooked food is an indicator of fecal contamination and a sign of unhygienic food handling. The presence of EPEC in food could be a potential source of food-borne outbreak. Hygiene training for every food-handler is a necessity.
    MeSH terms: Beverages/microbiology; Edible Grain/microbiology; Cooking*; Escherichia coli/classification; Escherichia coli/pathogenicity*; Food Microbiology*; Fruit/microbiology; Malaysia; Serotyping; Vegetables/microbiology
  4. Fulltext Serological findings of Coxiella burnetii infection among patients with fevers in a health centre in Sarawak, Malaysia
    Tay ST, Ho TM, Rohani MY
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1998 Mar;29(1):94-5.
    PMID: 9740277
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fever/microbiology; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Q Fever/microbiology*; Q Fever/epidemiology; Coxiella burnetii*
  5. Fulltext Intestinal geohelminthiasis and growth in pre-adolescent primary school children in Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia
    Mahendra Raj S
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1998 Mar;29(1):112-7.
    PMID: 9740282
    A cohort of one hundred 8-9 year old school children in Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia underwent stool examination, weight and height measurements. Seventy-three children were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides and/or Trichuris trichiura. All infected children were treated with albendazole at baseline, 6 months and 9 months. Measurements were repeated on all but 2 children at 1 year. Repeat stool examination (n = 94) at 1 year revealed a marked reduction in the level of Ascaris infection and a modest reduction in Trichuris infection. There was no difference in net growth between treated children and uninfected controls. Post-hoc analysis by gender however revealed that infected girls (n = 33) experienced significantly higher increments in weight, height and weight for age. Furthermore, children found to be infected at baseline level but worm free at follow-up, were observed to have experienced greater increments in height and height for age. The evidence suggests that periodic antihelminthic treatment may have a positive effect on the growth of subsets of pre-adolescent children but it is emphasised that further work is required to validate these findings.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Ascariasis/complications*; Ascariasis/drug therapy; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Female; Growth*; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Trichuriasis/complications*; Trichuriasis/drug therapy; Trichuris; Albendazole/therapeutic use; Ascaris lumbricoides
  6. Isolation of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain producing Shiga toxin 1 but not Shiga toxin 2 from a patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome in Korea
    Kim YB, Okuda J, Matsumoto C, Morigaki T, Asai N, Watanabe H, et al.
    FEMS Microbiol Lett, 1998 Sep 01;166(1):43-8.
    PMID: 9741083
    Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with diarrhea or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) at Pusan University Hospital, South Korea, between 1990 and 1996 were examined for traits of the O157:H7 serogroup. One strain isolated from a patient with HUS belonged to the O157:H7 serotype, possessed a 60-MDa plasmid, the eae gene, and ability to produce Shiga toxin 1 but not Shiga toxin 2. Arbitrarily primed PCR analysis suggested that this strain is genetically very close to a O157:H7 strain isolated in Japan.
    MeSH terms: Bacterial Toxins/biosynthesis*; Diarrhea/microbiology; DNA, Bacterial/genetics; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology*; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/microbiology*; Humans; Japan; Korea; Malaysia; Virulence/genetics; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Escherichia coli O157/genetics; Escherichia coli O157/isolation & purification*; Escherichia coli O157/metabolism*; Shiga Toxin 1; Shiga Toxin 2
  7. Pharmacological, electrophysiological and toxicity studies of Limacia scanden Lour. (Menispermaceae)
    Kim Kah Hwi, Wong Bee Lay
    J Ethnopharmacol, 1998 Sep;62(2):137-48.
    PMID: 9741886
    Pharmacological studies showed that Limacia scanden Lour. extracts have sympathomimetic activities similar to noradrenaline (NA). A crude extract of Limacia scanden injected intravenously as a single bolus induced a dose-dependent increase in arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized rats and cats. Pretreatment with a non-specific alpha blocker phentolamine (10(-5) M) blocked this effect, whereas the beta blocker propanolol (10(-5) M) did not. The extract also reduced intestinal motility and this response could be blocked by pretreatment with phentolamine (10(-5) M) and specific alpha1-blocker, prazosin (10(-5) M). In superfused rabbit aorta preparations, it induced an increase in contractions. This effect was blocked by pretreatment with prazosin (10(-5) M), whereas the alpha2-blocker yohimbine (10(-5) M) had only a slight effect. The effects of NA on superfused aorta strip contraction were similar to extract. Toxic symptoms were manifested in less than 5 min when the mice were given 465 mg/kg of extract intraperitoneally. Physiological and behavioural changes observed in dying mice implicated serious malfunctioning of the autonomic nervous system and motor activity. Electrophysiological studies on the tonically autoactive neuron (TAN) of the snail Achantina fulica Férussac revealed that crude extract of Limacia scanden induced excitatory responses which were similar to those of serotonin (5-HT) stimulation. Studies with different ionic compositions of the bathing saline revealed that this excitatory effect of Limacia scanden could be attributed either to release of endogenous serotonin or inhibition of 5-HT reuptake in the CNS. This observation could tentatively be used to provide the framework towards elucidating the mechanism and rationale for the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the treatment of depression and affective disorders.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Aorta/drug effects; Aorta/physiology; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Cats; Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects; Lethal Dose 50; Membrane Potentials/drug effects*; Muscle Contraction/drug effects; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/toxicity; Plant Extracts/chemistry; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry*; Rabbits; Mice; Rats; In Vitro Techniques
  8. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Jayaram G, Swain M, Khanijow V, Jalaludin MA
    Diagn Cytopathol, 1998 Sep;19(3):168-72.
    PMID: 9740988 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199809)19:3<168::aid-dc2>3
    Over a 32-month period at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, we were able to study the cytological appearance of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in 17 cases. This comprised 14 males and three females of which 13 were Chinese, three were Malay, and one was Indian. Their ages ranged from 27 to 64 years. Histological correlation was available in all the patients in the form of nasopharyngeal biopsies, and they were classified as per the World Health Organization classification into types I, II, and III NPC. Smears from type II NPC showed good cellularity with mainly clustered and occasionally dissociated cells, with focal columnar appearance, vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and variable amounts of cytoplasm. Clusters of malignant cell closely associated with lymphoid cells and dissociation of malignant cells were more characteristic of type III NPC. FNA cytology is now applied extensively to the diagnosis of head and neck tumours and knowledge of the cytomorphology of NPC would greatly aid in pinpointing the primary of this tumour which is notorious for presenting with early nodal metastasis.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary*; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins/metabolism; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
  9. Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): mitochondrial DNA D-loop and cytochrome b sequence variation
    Lau CH, Drinkwater RD, Yusoff K, Tan SG, Hetzel DJ, Barker JS
    Anim. Genet., 1998 Aug;29(4):253-64.
    PMID: 9745663
    Swamp and river buffalo mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced for 303 bp of the cytochrome b gene for 54 animals from 14 populations, and for 158 bp of the D-loop region for 80 animals from 11 populations. Only one cytochrome b haplotype was found in river buffalo. Of the four haplotypes identified in swamp buffalo, one found in all populations is apparently ancestral both to the other swamp haplotypes and to the river haplotype. The phylogenetic relationships among the 33 D-loop haplotypes, with a cluster of 11 found in swamp buffalo only, also support the evolution of domesticated swamp and river buffalo from an ancestral swamp-like animal, most likely represented today by the wild Asian buffalo (Bubalus arnee). The time of divergence of the swamp and river types, estimated from the D-loop data, is 28,000 to 87,000 years ago. We hypothesise that the species originated in mainland south-east Asia, and that it spread north to China and west to the Indian subcontinent, where the rive type evolved and was domesticated. Following domestication in China, the domesticated swamp buffalo spread through two separate routes, through Taiwan and the Philippines to the eastern islands of Borneo and Sulawesi, and south through mainland south-east Asia and then to the western islands of Indonesia.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Asia, Southeastern; Australia; Buffaloes/genetics*; Chromosome Mapping/veterinary; Cytochrome b Group/genetics*; Cytochrome b Group/chemistry; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry*; Genetics, Population; Haplotypes; Molecular Sequence Data; Sri Lanka; Genetic Variation*; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary
  10. Severe thalassaemia intermedia: clinical problems in the absence of hypertransfusion
    Mohamed N, Jackson N
    Blood Rev, 1998 Sep;12(3):163-70.
    PMID: 9745886
    In many of the parts of the world where thalassaemia is common, the blood supply is inadequate or unsafe, and desferrioxamine is too expensive for routine use. We classify some patients as having 'severe thalassaemia intermedia', i.e. those with moderately severe thalassaemia who can survive without regular transfusions, but who are at risk of many complications which are reviewed here. These include bone deformity and fractures, extramedullary haemopoietic tumours, leg ulcers, autoimmune haemolysis and, especially after splenectomy, thromboembolism and infection. An increase in the quality and safety of the blood supply, and a cheaper and/or oral iron chelator, would enable more of these patients to be treated as thalassaemia major and have improved survival and quality of life.
    MeSH terms: Bone Marrow/microbiology; Bone Marrow/pathology; Bone Marrow/virology; Erythrocytes/microbiology; Erythrocytes/pathology; Erythrocytes/virology; Humans; Hyperplasia; Thalassemia/diagnosis*; Thalassemia/microbiology; Thalassemia/therapy*; Thalassemia/virology; Blood Component Transfusion/adverse effects
  11. Carbon dioxide laser stomaplasty for tracheostomal stenosis
    Sani A
    J Laryngol Otol, 1998 May;112(5):467-8.
    PMID: 9747477
    A method of treating tracheostomal stenosis post-laryngectomy is described. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is used to fashion and ablate two triangular areas lateral to the stenosed stoma to provide an immediate enlarged stoma for comfortable breathing. This simple procedure is done under local anaesthesia, is almost bloodless, safe and takes just 10 minutes. Over the last five years eight patients underwent this procedure and seven had a satisfactory stoma without the need to use a tracheostomy tube.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Laryngectomy/adverse effects; Middle Aged; Tracheal Stenosis/etiology; Tracheal Stenosis/pathology; Tracheal Stenosis/surgery*; Tracheostomy/adverse effects*; Laser Therapy*
  12. Gender, migration, and career trajectories in Malaysia
    Chattopadhyay A
    Demography, 1998 Aug;35(3):335-44.
    PMID: 9749325
    With data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey, I use a continuous-state hazards model to study the impact of migration on the dynamics of individuals' careers. I distinguish between the effects of family migration and solo migration by gender. The results show that migration alters the career trajectory primarily by accelerating the process of occupational mobility rather than by increasing the level of occupational attainment. Further, the effect of migration on careers varies by type of migration, especially for women. Male-female differences in the outcome of family migration, however, are visible only in transitions into and out of employment.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Career Mobility*; Employment/statistics & numerical data*; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Men*; Population Dynamics/statistics & numerical data*; Surveys and Questionnaires; Residence Characteristics; Sex*; Women, Working/statistics & numerical data*; Linear Models; Proportional Hazards Models
  13. Acid and bile tolerance of Lactobacillus isolated from chicken intestine
    Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S
    Lett Appl Microbiol, 1998 Sep;27(3):183-5.
    PMID: 9750324
    Twelve Lactobacillus strains isolated from chicken intestine were used to investigate acid and bile tolerance in vitro. Ten out of the 12 strains were slightly affected by 0.3% bile salts, showing a delay of growth (d) of 0.6-37.2 min compared with growth in control cultures. Two strains were not affected by the bile salts. Of the 12 strains, seven could be arbitrarily classified as resistant (d < 15 min) and five as tolerant (15 min < d < or = 40 min). Lactobacillus strains from the caecum showed better tolerance to acid than those from the ileum. Generally, the survival of the ileal strains was very low at pH 1.0 and 2.0, and moderate at pH 3.0. In contrast, caecal Lactobacillus strains could survive at pH 1.0 for up to 2 h of incubation; growth was moderate at pH 2.0 and good at pH 3.0 and 4.0.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Bile Acids and Salts/pharmacology*; Cecum/microbiology; Chickens/microbiology*; Culture Media; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ileum/microbiology; Intestines/microbiology*; Lactobacillus/growth & development*; Lactobacillus/isolation & purification; Colony Count, Microbial
  14. Comparative pharmacokinetic study of oral and rectal formulations of artesunic acid in healthy volunteers
    Navaratnam V, Mansor SM, Mordi MN, Akbar A, Abdullah MN
    Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1998 Jul;54(5):411-4.
    PMID: 9754985
    OBJECTIVE: A single cross-over, comparative pharmacokinetic study of oral and rectal formulations of 200 mg artesunic acid in 12 healthy Malaysian volunteers is reported.

    METHODS: Plasma concentrations of artesunic acid and dihydroartemisinin were determined simultaneously by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The test drug was well tolerated and no undesirable adverse effects were observed.

    RESULTS: Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters of artesunic acid after oral and rectal administration showed statistically significant differences in t(max) and AUC, with no changes for Cmax and t1/2. As for dihydroartemisinin, differences were observed for t(max) and Cmax but not for AUC.

    CONCLUSION: There appear to be pharmacokinetic differences between oral and rectal modes of administration. The significance of these findings should be explored in malaria patients before appropriate therapeutic regimens are devised.

    MeSH terms: Administration, Oral; Administration, Rectal; Adult; Antimalarials/administration & dosage; Antimalarials/blood; Antimalarials/pharmacokinetics*; Humans; Male; Sesquiterpenes/blood; Sesquiterpenes/pharmacokinetics; Succinates/administration & dosage; Succinates/blood; Succinates/pharmacokinetics*; Cross-Over Studies; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/blood; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacokinetics*; Artemisinins*
  15. Pollination biology in a lowland dipterocarp forest inSarawak, Malaysia. I. Characteristics of the plant-pollinator communityin a lowland dipterocarp forest
    Momose K, Yumoto T, Nagamitsu T, Kato M, Nagamasu H, Sakai S, et al.
    Am J Bot, 1998 Oct;85(10):1477-501.
    PMID: 21684899
    Flowerings and flower visitors were observed continuously in alowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia, for 53 mo in1992-1996. Flower visitors of 270 plant species were observed orcollected, and pollinators were assessed by observing body contact tostigmas and anthers. We recognized 12 categories of pollination systems.Among them, plants pollinated by social bees included the largest numberof species (32%) and were followed by beetle-pollinated species(20%). Pollination systems were significantly related with somefloral characters (flowering time of day, reward, and floral shape), butnot with floral color. Based on the relationships between pollinatorsand floral characters, we described pollination syndromes found in alowland dipterocarp forest. The dominance of social bees and beetlesamong pollinators is discussed in relation to the general floweringobserved in dipterocarp forests of West Malesia. In spite of high plantspecies diversity and consequent low population densities of lowlanddipterocarp forests, long-distance-specific pollinators were uncommoncompared with theNeotropics.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Bees; Color; Longitudinal Studies; Malaysia; Plants; Population Density; Reward; Syndrome; Flowers; Pollination; Forests
  16. Antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities of extracts and constituents of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent
    Mat Ali R, Houghton PJ, Raman A, Hoult JR
    Phytomedicine, 1998 Oct;5(5):375-81.
    PMID: 23195987 DOI: 10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80020-2
    Dichloromethane extracts of the stembark and root of Oroxylum indicum were found to have antimicrobial activities against Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), Gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a yeast (Candida albicans). Bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of flavonoids (bacailein and chrysin) and a naphthoquinone, lapachol. Lapachol was found active against the Gram-positive bacteria, 5 μg giving a zone of inhibition equivalent to that shown by 5 μg streptomycin, whereas 5 μg chrysin gave inhibition zones of equal size to 5 μg streptomycin against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The inhibitory activity of lapachol from O. indicum root against soya 5-lipoxygenase (IC(50) 0.79 μg/ml) was equivalent to that of the positive control fisetin (IC(50) 0.97 μg/ml) and 50 μg/ml of the dichloromethane extract of the rootbark gave 100% inhibition of leukocyte lipoxygenase. These activities might indicate an antiinflammatory effect for the dichloromethane extract, mainly due to the lapachol content.
  17. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and steroid usage in the management of hyperemesis gravidarum
    Subramaniam R, Soh EB, Dhillon HK, Abidin HZ
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1998 Aug;38(3):339-41.
    PMID: 9761170
    MeSH terms: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use*; Female; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum/therapy*; Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use*; Parenteral Nutrition, Total*; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome
  18. Lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia presenting as perichondritis of the pinna
    Indudharan R, Arni T, Myint KK, Jackson N
    J Laryngol Otol, 1998 Jun;112(6):592-4.
    PMID: 9764308
    Extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the pinna has only been reported once in a patient with immunodeficiency. We report an unusual case of lymphoblastic lymphoma in a patient without any immunodeficiency, presenting as an inflammatory lesion of the pinna, which illustrates the need to biopsy any non-healing lesion as soon as possible to ensure that such a treatable malignancy is diagnosed at an early stage.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Ear Neoplasms/pathology*; Ear, External/pathology*; Female; Humans; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology*
  19. Problems with rabies postexposure management: a survey of 499 public hospitals in Thailand
    Kositprapa C, Wimalratna O, Chomchey P, Chareonwai S, Benjavongkulchai M, Khawplod P, et al.
    J Travel Med, 1998 Mar;5(1):30-2.
    PMID: 9772313
    Rabies is still a major public health problem in Asia. The incidence of known annual human cases in India alone has recently been revised from 20,000 to 30,000, and over 500,000 patients are given some form of postexposure rabies treatment. Only China, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand are reporting a significant decrease in the prevalence of this disease in humans. Over 150,000 courses of postexposure treatment (PET) are given in Thailand every year. To determine remaining barriers to further reduction of the number of human rabies deaths, we carried out a questionnaire study of government hospitals throughout the Kingdom.
    MeSH terms: Hospitals, Public; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Surveys and Questionnaires; Rabies/prevention & control*; Thailand
  20. Teratocarcinosarcoma of the nasal cavity and ethmoid
    Sharma HS, Abdullah JM, Othman NH, Muhamad M
    J Laryngol Otol, 1998 Jul;112(7):682-6.
    PMID: 9775307
    Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is very unusual malignant neoplasm histologically consisting of an epithelial element and one or more mesenchymal components. This is a report of teratocarcinosarcoma, in a 74-year-old male, involving the right nasal cavity and ethmoids with intracranial extension. The tumour was totally resected via the craniofacial approach and the patient was given post-operative chemotherapy. Extensive tumour necrosis, rapid growth and local destruction are the prominent features of this tumour. The clinical presentation, pathological features and clinical course of this rare malignancy are discussed with a review of the literature.
    MeSH terms: Aged; Ethmoid Sinus*; Humans; Male; Nasal Cavity*; Nose Neoplasms/pathology*; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology*
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