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Fulltext Unemployment and child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Korea

Kim YE

Child Abuse Negl, 2022 Aug;130(Pt 1):105474.
PMID: 34996620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105474

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for child maltreatment have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially due to economic downfalls leading to parental job losses and poor mental health.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between child maltreatment and unemployment rate in the Republic of Korea.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Nationally representative data at the province level were used.
METHODS: The monthly excess number of hotline calls related to child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic was estimated for each province. Fixed effects regressions was used to examine the relationship between the excess number of hotline calls and unemployment rate.
RESULTS: The average excess number of hotline calls was significantly negative in the early stage of the pandemic, but became significantly positive afterwards except for some months with averages not statistically different from zero. The regression results showed that an increase of male unemployment rate by 1% was significantly associated with an increase in the excess number of hotline calls by 0.15-0.17 per 10,000 children for most dependent variables for the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The statistical significance of female unemployment rate was mixed with the opposite sign of the coefficient to that of male unemployment. Overall unemployment rate was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that disruptions in child welfare services should be avoided to prevent underreporting of or delayed responses to suspected cases. Also, policies need to be designed considering potential pathways from economic downfalls, especially male unemployment, to child maltreatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment/psychology
Unemployment rate, clean energy, and ecological footprint in OECD countries

Ng CF, Yii KJ, Lau LS, Go YH

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Mar;30(15):42863-42872.
PMID: 35000171 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17966-6

OECD countries have encountered the challenges of improving the environmental sustainability while maintaining economic growth by not impairing employment. This study attempts to reexamine the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by using ecological footprint as an indicator of environmental degradation. Besides, our study aims to test the validity of environmental Phillips curve (EPC) and role of clean energy on ecological footprint. Our data cover a panel of 36 OECD countries from 1995 to 2015. We adopt the second-generation panel unit root and cointegration test to account for the presence of cross-section dependence (CSD). Moreover, the long-run relationship is estimated using Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) that are robust to CSD. Our findings reveal that the EKC hypothesis is not valid while EPC is confirmed in OECD countries. Though there is a trade-off between unemployment and environmental degradation in OECD countries, the development of new technologies, especially in the clean energy sector, could be a key factor contributing to sustainable growth and better environmental quality. Thus, it is recommended that OECD countries should focus on the development of innovative green technologies and strengthen the initiatives that promote renewable energy consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment*
Brief report. Social self-concept of educated employed and educated unemployed women

Bala M

Int J Soc Psychiatry, 1998;44(1):71-4.
PMID: 9574853
Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment/psychology*
Fulltext Morbid jealousy reactivated by mood episodes

Masiran R, Hussin NS

BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Jan 17;2018.
PMID: 29348292 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223430

A middle-aged man who has been enduring financial constraint experienced a period of irritability, increased goal-directed activities and insomnia occurring along with extreme jealousy with his current wife. The episode was followed by depressed mood and non-prominent auditory hallucination. His previous history revealed a forensic psychiatry case of a murder he committed 20 years ago.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment/psychology
Employment, work hours, and wages in adults with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: An international cohort study

Ham AS, Gomez Hjerthen I, Sudhir A, Pandit L, Reddy YM, Murthy JM, et al.

Mult Scler, 2024 Nov;30(13):1674-1682.
PMID: 39392718 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241286671

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to understand the employment impacts of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated antibody disease (MOGAD) on adults in an international cohort by determining lost employment, work hours, and wages.
BACKGROUND: Clinically, MOGAD can be associated with significant disability; however, its socioeconomic consequences for adults are barely reported.
METHODS: Participants of potential working age (18-70 years old) with neurologist-diagnosed MOGAD were recruited from clinical sites in 13 countries, April 2022 to August 2023. Each participant completed a one-time survey. Regression models assessed associations with post-MOGAD (1) unemployment and (2) work hours.
RESULTS: A total of 117 participants (66.7% female), mean age 39.7 years, median disease duration 3 years (25th, 75th percentile: 1, 7) were analyzed. Employment post-MOGAD reduced from 74 (63.2%) to 57 (48.7%) participants. Participants employed pre-diagnosis reduced their work hours, on average, from 31.6 hours/week to 19.5 hours/week post-diagnosis. Residence in a high-income country was statistically significantly associated with post-diagnosis employment and higher weekly work hours. Depressed mood was associated with unemployment. MOGAD-related pain and history of myelitis were independently associated with lost work hours.
CONCLUSION: MOGAD can have significant impacts on adult employment, particularly in non-high-income countries. Depressed mood and pain are potentially modifiable factors related to socioeconomic status in MOGAD.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Combination of forecasts with an application to unemployment rate

Muniroh, M.F., Ismail, N., Lazim, M.A.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(3):787-796.
MyJurnal

Combining forecast values based on simple univariate models may produce more favourable results than complex models. In this study, the results of combining the forecast values of Naïve model, Single Exponential Smoothing Model, The Autoregressive Moving Average (ARIMA) model, and Holt Method are shown to be superior to that of the Error Correction Model (ECM).Malaysia’s unemployment rates data are used in this study. The independent variable used in the ECM formulation is the industrial production index. Both data sets were collected for the months of January 2004 to December 2010. The selection criteria used to determine the best model, is the Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Initial findings showed that both time series data sets were not influenced by the seasonality effect.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Orgasmic dysfunction among Malay diabetic women in Malaysia

Ismail AH, Baw R, Sidi H, Guan NC, Midin M, Nik Jaafar NR, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S29-33.
PMID: 23623640 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.009

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of orgasmic dysfunction among Malay women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment/psychology; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data
Subthreshold and threshold DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in Singapore: Results from a nationally representative sample

Lee SP, Sagayadevan V, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA, Subramaniam M

J Anxiety Disord, 2015 May;32:73-80.
PMID: 25863827 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.03.008

Previous nationally representative studies have reported prevalence of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, subthreshold and threshold GAD expressions remain poorly understood. The current study examined the prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity of a broader diagnosis of GAD in Singapore. The Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) was an epidemiological survey conducted in the population (N=6616) aged 18 years and older. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to establish mental disorder diagnoses. The lifetime prevalence for subthreshold GAD (2.1%) and threshold GAD (1.5%) in the current sample was found to be lower than in Western populations. Younger age group, Indian ethnicity, previously married, chronic physical conditions, and being unemployed were associated with higher odds of having more severe expression of generalized anxiety. The relatively lower prevalence rate of subthreshold GAD expression suggests possible cultural interferences in the reporting and manifestation of anxiety symptomatology. Despite the low prevalence, significant impacts on functioning and comorbidity among subthreshold generalized anxiety cases indicate the importance of early treatment to ensure a better prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment/psychology; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Stres di kalangan pesakit diabetis mellitus dengan komplikasi di Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Jamsiah, M., Zurainatual Irwani, I., Sh Ezat, W.P., Shamsul, S.A., Rahmah, M.A.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(1):39-46.
MyJurnal

Introduction : Studies on stress among diabetic patients with complications are not much conducted locally. In this study the researchers would like to find out the magnitude of the problem among the Malaysian.
Methodology : A cross- sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of stress and its associated factors among the diabetes mellitus patients with complications at Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The translated Personal Stress Inventory questionairse was used to measure the stress among the respondents.
Finding : The prevalence of stress was 36.8%. The study showed that the employment status of respondents has significant association with stress in which higher numbers of unemployed respondents were stressed as compared to the employed respondents. Other sociodemographic factors, namely duration of having diabetes mellitus and type of complications developed by the patients were not significant.
Conclusion : Once the poor and unemployed patients were diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus either with or without complication, the health staffs should refer them immediately to the relevant agencies for help. By doing so, these patients could be prevented from having stress later. Outreach programmes in the community should be carried out regularly for an early detection and treatment of chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus to prevent patients from developing any complication.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Fulltext Personality and career preference of drug abusers in Sabah

Julianah Saguni, Puteri Hayati Megat Ahmad, Guan, Teik Ee

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):31-37.
MyJurnal

Unemployment issue is becoming a factor which causes relapses especially among former drug addicts
that has undergone rehabilitation. Therefore, this paperwork seek to unfold and discuss degree of
relationships between introvert and extrovert personality with career interest according to six RIASEC
major field to drug addicts. Research objective are to identify the relationship between introvert and
extrovert personality with career interest among drug addicts in Sabah. Most of the respondent in
treatment center has no knowledge about their own personality in career development especially after
finishing treatment thus causing relapse due to failure of getting the right employment for themselves.
It is considered serious due to economic and life instability are one of the factor which contribute to
relapse among drug addicts. Occupation or career selection are constantly highlighted as one of the
major problem in former drug addict life. This shows that a careful career selection needs to be done. Career process are also continuous process of involvement to help self-development especially in line
of job they do. Therefore, it is hopeful that this research could give valuable impact and use to drug
addicts rehabilitation authority with implementation of career guidance to clients hence assisting them
in making effective career choice in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Fulltext Crowdfunding as financial option for small and medium enterprises (smes) in nigeria

Kazaure, Mansur Ahmed, Abdul Rashid abdullah

The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2018;4(3):89-96.
MyJurnal

Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) act as a promoter of economic development of the developed and under developed nations. Developing countries like Nigeria that, require sustainable economic growth and development must pay attention to the SMEs sectors in order to reduce unemployment, poverty and improve the standard leaving of its society. Unfortunately, in Nigeria, SMEs have underperformed despite that, 90% of the Nigerian businesses are small scales but their contribution to the Nigerian GDP is below 10%. The main reason for this low contribution of SMEs to Nigerian GDP could be attribute to poor funding, lack of management expertise and lack of access to modern technology among others, with proper finance the SMEs can acquire modern technology and employed qualified staff. Thus, this paper focuses on crowdfunding as financial option for Nigerian SMEs. However, the paper is a conceptual framework.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Fulltext Mental distress and substance use among rural Black South African youth who are not in employment, education or training (NEET)

Mngoma NF, Ayonrinde OA

Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2023 May;69(3):532-542.
PMID: 35903872 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221114252

BACKGROUND: South Africa (SA) has one of the highest rates of youth unemployment and youth who are not in employment, education or training (NEET), even higher among Black South Africans. SA's NEET rates are 3 times those of UK; 5.4 times of Germany; 1.3 times of Brazil; and 2.5 times of Malaysia. Given that youths between 15 and 24 years of age make up 24% of the total population, these are significant challenges for the economy and further fuel the cyclical, pervasive and enduring nature of poverty. We hypothesised that rural youth who are NEET would have a greater prevalence of mental disorders and higher rates of substance use compared to their non-NEET counterparts. The objective of the study is to determine the differences in rates of psychological distress and substance use between NEET and non-NEET rural African 14- to 24-year-old young men.
METHODS: The study took place in a remote and rural district municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We divided the district's five sub-municipalities into two clusters (large and small) and randomly selected one from each cluster for inclusion in the study. We further randomly selected wards from each sub-municipality and then rural settlements from each ward, for inclusion in the study. We recruited young men as part of a larger study to explore sociocultural factors important in gender-based violence in rural SA. We compared 15- to 19-year old and 20- to 24-year old youth NEET and non-NEET on rates of psychological distress symptoms (depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, hopelessness and worthlessness) and substance misuse (including alcohol, cannabis, other recreational drugs) using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) statistics at p

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Employability among people with uncontrolled seizures: An interpretative phenomenological approach

Wo MC, Lim KS, Choo WY, Tan CT

Epilepsy Behav, 2015 Apr;45:21-30.
PMID: 25794681 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.02.016

This study aimed to explore positive and negative factors affecting the employability in patients with uncontrolled seizures.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment/psychology*
Earnings among people with spinal cord injury

Ramakrishnan K, Loh SY, Omar Z

Spinal Cord, 2011 Sep;49(9):986-9.
PMID: 21556013 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.47

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment/trends; Unemployment/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Cancer and COVID-19: economic impact on households in Southeast Asia

Kong YC, Sakti VV, Sullivan R, Bhoo-Pathy N

Ecancermedicalscience, 2020;14:1134.
PMID: 33281926 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1134

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may worsen the existing financial vulnerabilities of cancer survivors who may be experiencing a double financial hit, both from cancer-induced financial toxicity as well as economic strains arising from loss of income and prolonged unemployment following the pandemic. The impact of the pandemic is likely to be more pronounced on cancer survivors living in resource-limited settings, such as in Southeast Asia. As health care systems in the region try to streamline resources and accommodate the influx of patients from COVID-19, many in the cancer community have experienced severe disruptions in their care. The delays and disruption of timely access to cancer care could lead to patients presenting with worsened conditions and at more advanced cancer stages in which treatment options tended to be costlier. Similar to countries around the world, the various forms of movement restrictions that were enforced have aggravated the rates of unemployment, loss of wages and the limited access to support from family or friends around Southeast Asia. The economic impact of COVID-19 hits even harder on the large proportion of the population in the region that works in the informal sector, who are often one paycheque or one episode of illness away from financial catastrophe. More worryingly, the lack of a robust social security system in many Southeast Asian countries, especially in terms of income protection, could ultimately force many cancer survivors to choose between paying for their treatments, or to forego treatments, and feed their families. Early identification of cancer patients experiencing financial toxicity following the pandemic will enable timely and appropriate interventions to be undertaken by various stakeholders, potentially averting a cascade of other economic fallouts that may last for years after cancer treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Datasets of demographic profile and perpetrator experience in committing crime among young offenders in Malaysia

Tharshini NK, Ibrahim F, Zakaria E

Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105958.
PMID: 32676530 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105958

The datasets in this article provides supplementary information related to: (1) demographic profile of young offenders and (2) perpetrator experience in committing a crime. A quantitative approach based on a cross-sectional survey design was employed to collect data among 306 young offenders undergoing Community Service Order initiated by the Malaysian Social Welfare Department. The resultant data were analysed descriptively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The result stipulates that the majority of respondents are consist of male young offenders aged 20 years old, Malays, single in marital status, and unemployed. Based on the crime involvement aspect, the result indicates that young offenders involved in stealing (26.1%), does not carry any weapons while committing a crime (50.0%), and entangled in criminal activity due to peer influence (40.0%). Moreover, unfavorable luck contributes to the failure in executing crime (52.6%) which subsequently leads them to be arrested by the police (52.0%).

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Fulltext Opportunities and Challenges of Economic Development in Malaysia’s Rural Areas

ELLFRELSTERN ANAK EDIRIN

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Rural areas play traditionally important role for our economy as well maintaining social stability. Most of the development is entirely dependent on natural resources in the area which is specialized in a limited number of industries such as agriculture, livestock, forestry, fisheries and local tourism. People that live in rural areas have fewer choices in the social and economic terms. They are facing many problems such as low income, unemployment, low quality of social services like education and healthcare. In addition, remoteness from major urban centres is also one of the problems which is implying the need for well-developed transport infrastructure to support economic development. As stated in the Eleventh Malaysia Plan, the Malaysian Government is committed to ensuring equitable opportunities for all segments of society.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Fulltext Relationships between awareness, knowledge, attitudes and coping mechanisms in epilepsy

Selamat Widiasmoro Neni, Pei, Lin Lua

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;12(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

Objective: The relationships between awareness, knowledge and attitudes (AKA) and coping mechanisms among people with epilepsy (PWE) have not been well-explored particularly in Asia. This study aimed to: identify preferred coping strategies, correlate between AKA and coping mechanisms and compare coping strategies of PWE with different AKA levels. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of epilepsy outpatients was recruited from the Neurology Clinic, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu. The participants completed the Malay AKA Epilepsy and the Malay Brief COPE instruments. The data was analysed using non-parametric statistics. Results: Sixty out of 72 patients (response rate = 83.3%) consented
participation (median age = 27.5 years; male = 53.3%; unmarried = 63.3%; Malay = 90.0%; SPM education = 54.2%; unemployed = 35.0%; rural residents = 70.0%). Religion was the most preferred coping strategy (93.3%), followed by Emotional Support (86.7%) and Instrumental Support (81.7%). Awareness was negatively correlated with Instrumental Support (rs = -0.268; p

Study site: Neurology Clinic, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Manual work and lung cancer risk in high-risk populations

Fauziah Nordin, Lewis, SJ., O’Donnell, PNS., Crosbie, PAJ., Richard Booton, Agius, RM., et al.

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2014;11(1):5-14.
MyJurnal

Manual work is associated with increased lung cancer risk possibly because of increased exposure to occupational and other carcinogens, reduced use of health care services and/or a less healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between manual work and lung cancer risk has changed over time. Three separate retrospective studies were carried out over a 10-year period (1996-1997, 1998-2000 and 2003-2005) in patients attending a bronchoscopy clinic to investigate lung cancer risk in an area of Manchester characterised by high deprivation and unemployment. Cases (n=321) were patients newly diagnosed with a tumour of the lung, trachea or bronchus and controls (n=542) were patients free of tumours at the time of, and prior to, examination. Patients were interviewed using the same structured questionnaire for associations between risk factors and lung cancer examined. The study population in all three studies was similar with little difference in smoking history. In each study smoking was associated with lung cancer risk. Lung cancer risk was higher in manual workers (compared to managers and other professionals) in the first (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.20 – 5.05) and second study (OR 2.73, 95% CI 0.97 – 7.70) but not the third (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.58 – 1.61). However, the summary odds ratio (meta-OR) for lung cancer in manual worker was 1.81 (95% 1.75 – 1.87) after controlling for sex, age and smoking. This study suggested that even after taking into account known occupational and environmental causes of cancer, there was a residual cancer risk associated with manual work, high risk working populations of lung cancer. However this appears to have attenuated recently for as yet unknown reasons.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment
Fulltext Quality of life among young adults in rural Selangor: a cross-sectional study

Norfazilah, A., Azmawati, M.N, Madihah, M

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

This study aimed at measuring the quality of life (QOL) among young adults in rural area of Selangor, and determined the factors that affect the QOL scores. A cross-sectional study was conducted among young adults aged 18 to 39 years in rural area of Hulu Langat district, Selangor with a total sample of 308 selected through simple random sampling. Validated Malay version of WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to measure the QOL, which generated overall QOL score and four domains’ scores of physical health, psychological health, social relationship and environmental QOL. The results showed that the highest mean score was social relationship domain 67.07 (18.87), followed by overall QOL 65.10 (17.92), environmental QOL domain 64.88 (12.83), psychological health domain 60.67 (11.88) and physical health domain 58.23 (11.00). Variables such as unemployment, having chronic diseases and mental distress were found to lower the QOL score.

Matched MeSH terms: Unemployment

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