Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 411 in total

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  1. Role of stem cells in spondyloarthritis: Pathogenesis, treatment and complications
    Wong RSY
    Hum Immunol, 2015 Oct;76(10):781-8.
    PMID: 26429327 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.038
    Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of interrelated inflammatory arthritis that includes ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, arthritis related to inflammatory bowel disease and undifferentiated SpA. The classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of SpA have been extensively reviewed in the published literature. Reviews on the use of stem cells in various autoimmune diseases in general are also common. However, a review on the role of stem cells in SpA is currently lacking. This review focuses on the involvement of stem cells in the pathogenesis of SpA and the application of different types of stem cells in the treatment of SpA. It also addresses some of the complications which may arise as a result of the use of stem cells in the treatment of SpA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stem Cells
  2. Efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes on cell sorting thermoresponsive surface
    Sung TC, Su HC, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Chang Y, Hsu ST, et al.
    Biomaterials, 2020 09;253:120060.
    PMID: 32450407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120060
    The current differentiation process of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into cardiomyocytes to enhance the purity of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes requires some purification processes, which are laborious processes. We developed cell sorting plates, which are prepared from coating thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and extracellular matrix proteins. After hPSCs were induced into cardiomyocytes on the thermoresponsive surface coated with laminin-521 for 15 days, the temperature of the cell culture plates was decreased to 8-9 °C to detach the cells partially from the thermoresponsive surface. The detached cells exhibited a higher cardiomyocyte marker of cTnT than the remaining cells on the thermoresponsive surface as well as the cardiomyocytes after purification using conventional cell selection. The detached cells expressed several cardiomyocyte markers, such as α-actinin, MLC2a and NKX2.5. This study suggested that the purification of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using cell sorting plates with the thermoresponsive surface is a promising method for the purification of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes without conventional laborious processes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pluripotent Stem Cells*; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*
  3. Fulltext Induced pluripotent stem cells: history, properties and potential applications
    Nordin N, Lai MI, Veerakumarasivam A, Ramasamy R, Abdullah S, Wendy-Yeo WY, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):4-9.
    PMID: 23765134 MyJurnal
    The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been met with much enthusiasm and hailed as a breakthrough discovery by the scientific and research communities amidst the divisive and ongoing debates surrounding human embryonic stem cells (hESC) research. The discovery reveals the fact that embryonic pluripotency can be generated from adult somatic cells by the induction of appropriate transcriptional factor genes essential for maintaining the pluripotency. They provide an alternative source for pluripotent stem cells, thus representing a powerful new research tool besides their potential application in the field of regenerative medicine. In this review, the historical background of iPSCs generation will be discussed together with their properties and characteristics as well as their potential therapeutic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*
  4. Ethical issues in stem cell research
    Chin JJ
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58 Suppl A:111-8.
    PMID: 14556358
    Like most cutting edge medical technology, human stem cell research raises a number of difficult and important ethical issues and concerns, requiring potential benefits to be balanced against the need to protect the rights and welfare of citizens. Much of the debate involves research using embryonic stem (ES) cells, which in turns revolves around the moral status of the human embryo, and the level of respect and protection that should be accorded. This is an especially sensitive issue in pluralistic societies where different, if not conflicting, cultural and religious perspectives exist. Another contentious issue as far as the derivation of ES cells is concerned is the intent involved in producing the embryos, specifically whether it is ethically permissible to allowing embryos to be made solely for the purpose of research. These and several other relevant ethical issues will be discussed, including a comparison of guidelines and positions adopted in different countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stem Cells*
  5. Odontogenic epithelial stem cells: hidden sources
    Padma Priya S, Higuchi A, Abu Fanas S, Pooi Ling M, Kumari Neela V, Sunil PM, et al.
    Lab Invest, 2015 Dec;95(12):1344-52.
    PMID: 26367485 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.108
    The ultimate goal of dental stem cell research is to construct a bioengineered tooth. Tooth formation occurs based on the well-organized reciprocal interaction of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The dental mesenchymal stem cells are the best explored, but because the human odontogenic epithelium is lost after the completion of enamel formation, studies on these cells are scarce. The successful creation of a bioengineered tooth is achievable only when the odontogenic epithelium is reconstructed to produce a replica of natural enamel. This article discusses the untapped sources of odontogenic epithelial stem cells in humans, such as those present in the active dental lamina in postnatal life, in remnants of dental lamina (the gubernaculum cord), in the epithelial cell rests of Malassez, and in reduced enamel epithelium. The possible uses of these stem cells in regenerative medicine, not just for enamel formation, are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stem Cells*
  6. An insight into the associations between microRNA expression and mitochondrial functions in cancer cell and cancer stem cell
    Tan WL, Subha ST, Mohtarrudin N, Cheah YK
    Mol Biol Rep, 2023 Jun;50(6):5395-5405.
    PMID: 37074612 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08421-5
    The self-renew ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) continues to challenge our determination for accomplishing cancer therapy breakthrough. Ineffectiveness of current cancer therapies to eradicate CSCs has contributed to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Yet, the discoveries of highly effective therapies have not been thoroughly developed. Further insights into cancer metabolomics and gene-regulated mechanisms of mitochondria in CSCs can expedite the development of novel anticancer drugs. In cancer cells, the metabolism is reprogrammed from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. This alteration allows the cancer cell to receive continuous energy supplies and avoid apoptosis. The pyruvate obtained from glycolysis produces acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) via oxidative decarboxylation and enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle for adenosine triphosphate generation. Mitochondrial calcium ion (Ca2+) uptake is responsible for mitochondrial physiology regulation, and reduced uptake of Ca2+  inhibits apoptosis and enhances cell survival in cancer. There have been many discoveries of mitochondria-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) stimulating the metabolic alterations in mitochondria via gene regulation which promote cancer cell survival. These miRNAs are also found in CSCs where they regulate genes and activate different mechanisms to destroy the mitochondria and enhance CSCs survival. By targeting the miRNAs that induced mitochondrial destruction, the mitochondrial functions can be restored; thus, it triggers CSCs apoptosis and completely eliminates the CSCs. In general, this review article aims to address the associations between miRNAs with mitochondrial activities in cancer cells and cancer stem cells that support cancer cell survival and self-renewal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
  7. Current developments and therapeutic potentials of exosomes from induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    Aldoghachi AF, Loh JK, Wang ML, Yang YP, Chien CS, Teh HX, et al.
    J Chin Med Assoc, 2023 Apr 01;86(4):356-365.
    PMID: 36762931 DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000899
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from adult human tissues that have the ability to proliferate in vitro and maintain their multipotency, making them attractive cell sources for regenerative medicine. However, MSCs reportedly show limited proliferative capacity with inconsistent therapeutic outcomes due to their heterogeneous nature. On the other hand, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have emerged as an alternative source for the production of various specialized cell types via their ability to differentiate from all three primary germ layers, leading to applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug therapy. Notably, iPSCs can differentiate into MSCs in monolayer, commonly referred to as induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs). These cells show superior therapeutic qualities compared with adult MSCs as the applications of the latter are restricted by passage number and autoimmune rejection when applied in tissue regeneration trials. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that the therapeutic properties of stem cells are a consequence of the paracrine effects mediated by their secretome such as from exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle secreted by most cell types. Several studies that investigated the potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine and therapy have revealed promising results. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent findings of exosomes secreted from iMSCs as a potential noncell-based therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*
  8. Stem cells differentiation and probing their therapeutic applications in hematological disorders: a critical review
    Ali F, Taresh S, Al-Nuzaily M, Mok PL, Ismail A, Ahmad S
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2016 Oct;20(20):4390-4400.
    PMID: 27831631
    Numerous lines of evidence support that bone marrow is a rich source of stem cells that can be used for research purposes and to treat some complex blood diseases and cancers. Stem cells are a potential source for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease, and mother cells that possess the capacity to become any type of cell in the body. They are cells without specific structure and characterized by their ability to self-renew or multiply while maintaining the potential to develop into other types of cells. Stem cells can normally become cells of the blood, heart, bones, skin, muscles or brain. Although, there are different sources of stem cells, all types of stem cells have the same capacity to develop into multiple types of cells. Stem cells are generally described as unspecialized cells with unlimited proliferation capacity that can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. Several types of adult stem cells have been characterized and can be cultured in vitro, including neural stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac stem cells and epithelial stem cells. They are valuable as research tools and might, in the future, be used to treat a wide range of diseases such as hematological hereditary diseases, Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, heart disease and many other diseases. Currently, two types of stem cells have been identified based on their origins, namely embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Collectively, although many kinds of literature have been studying stem cell application in terms of clinical practice, stem cell-based therapy is still in its infancy stage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Stem Cells/cytology; Embryonic Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells*
  9. Small molecules enhance neurogenic differentiation of dental-derived adult stem cells
    Heng BC, Jiang S, Yi B, Gong T, Lim LW, Zhang C
    Arch Oral Biol, 2019 Jun;102:26-38.
    PMID: 30954806 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.024
    OBJECTIVE: Dental-derived stem cells originate from the embryonic neural crest, and exhibit high neurogenic potential. This study aimed to investigate whether a cocktail of eight small molecules (Valproic acid, CHIR99021, Repsox, Forskolin, SP600125, GO6983, Y-27632 and Dorsomorphin) can enhance the in vitro neurogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), as a preliminary step towards clinical applications.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neural induction was carried out with a small molecule cocktail based two-step culture protocol, over a total duration of 14 days. At the 8 and 14 day timepoints, the cells were analyzed for expression of neural markers with immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western Blot. The Fluo 4-AM calcium flux assay was also performed after a further 14 days of neural maturation.

    RESULTS: More pronounced morphological changes characteristic of the neural lineage (i.e. neuritogenesis) were observed in all three cell types treated with small molecules, as compared to the untreated controls. This was corroborated by the immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blot data, which showed upregulated expression of several early and mature neural markers in all three cell types treated with small molecules, versus the corresponding untreated controls. Finally, the Fluo-4 AM calcium flux assay showed consistently higher calcium transient (F/Fo) peaks for the small molecule-treated versus untreated control groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: Small molecules can enhance the neurogenic differentiation of DPSCs, SCAPs and GMSCs, which offer much potential for therapeutic applications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Stem Cells; Adult Stem Cells*
  10. A plethora of human pluripotent stem cells
    Gao L, Thilakavathy K, Nordin N
    Cell Biol Int, 2013 Sep;37(9):875-87.
    PMID: 23619972 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10120
    At the early stages of mammalian development, a number of developmentally plastic cells appear that possess the ability to give rise to all of the differentiated cell types normally derived from the three primary germ layers - unique character known as pluripotency. To date, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to be truly pluripotent. However, recent studies have revealed a variety of other cells that demonstrate pluripotentiality, including very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs), marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible cells (MIAMI) and multipotent adult precursor cells (MAPCs). This review summarises key features of these six kinds of pluripotent and potentially pluripotent stem cells (ESCs, iPSCs, VSELs, AFSCs, MIAMI and MAPCs) and the evidence for their pluripotency properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology*; Multipotent Stem Cells/metabolism; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology*; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism; Adult Stem Cells/cytology*; Adult Stem Cells/metabolism; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology*; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
  11. Thermoresponsive surfaces designed for the proliferation and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells
    Higuchi A, Hirad AH, Kumar SS, Munusamy MA, Alarfaj AA
    Acta Biomater, 2020 10 15;116:162-173.
    PMID: 32911107 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.010
    Thermoresponsive surfaces enable the detachment of cells or cell sheets by decreasing the temperature of the surface when harvesting the cells. However, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, cannot be directly cultured on a thermoresponsive surface; hPSCs need a specific extracellular matrix to bind to the integrin receptors on their surfaces. We prepared a thermoresponsive surface by using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butylacrylate) and recombinant vitronectin to provide an optimal coating concentration for the hPSC culture. hPSCs can be cultured on the same thermoresponsive surface for 5 passages by partial detachment of the cells from the surface by decreasing the temperature for 30 min; then, the remaining hPSCs were subsequently cultured on the same dishes following the addition of new cultivation media. The detached cells, even after continual culture for five passages, showed high pluripotency, the ability to differentiate into cells derived from the 3 germ layers and the ability to undergo cardiac differentiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pluripotent Stem Cells*; Embryonic Stem Cells
  12. Treatment viability of stem cells in ophthalmology
    Jeganathan VS, Palanisamy M
    Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2010 May;21(3):213-7.
    PMID: 20393292 DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32833867ad
    Adult ocular stem cells have the potential to restore vision in patients previously deemed incurable. This review summarizes strides in stem cell research and stumbling blocks that must be overcome to enable treatment viability in ophthalmology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Embryonic Stem Cells*; Adult Stem Cells*
  13. Targeting genetic tool for long non-coding RNA of cancer stem cells with aptamer-guided nanocarriers
    Zaiki Y, Wong TW
    Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2021 12;18(12):1791-1793.
    PMID: 34605336 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1989408
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Stem Cells
  14. Fulltext Stem Cells for Cancer Therapy: Translating the Uncertainties and Possibilities of Stem Cell Properties into Opportunities for Effective Cancer Therapy
    Aldoghachi AF, Chong ZX, Yeap SK, Cheong SK, Ho WY, Ong AHK
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Jan 05;24(2).
    PMID: 36674525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021012
    Cancer recurrence and drug resistance following treatment, as well as metastatic forms of cancer, are trends that are commonly encountered in cancer management. Amidst the growing popularity of personalized medicine and targeted therapy as effective cancer treatment, studies involving the use of stem cells in cancer therapy are gaining ground as promising translational treatment options that are actively pursued by researchers due to their unique tumor-homing activities and anti-cancer properties. Therefore, this review will highlight cancer interactions with commonly studied stem cell types, namely, mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), iPSC-derived MSC (iMSC), and cancer stem cells (CSC). A particular focus will be on the effects of paracrine signaling activities and exosomal miRNA interaction released by MSC and iMSCs within the tumor microenvironment (TME) along with their therapeutic potential as anti-cancer delivery agents. Similarly, the role of exosomal miRNA released by CSCs will be further discussed in the context of its role in cancer recurrence and metastatic spread, which leads to a better understanding of how such exosomal miRNA could be used as potential forms of non-cell-based cancer therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Stem Cells
  15. The study and manipulation of spermatogonial stem cells using animal models
    Ibtisham F, Awang-Junaidi AH, Honaramooz A
    Cell Tissue Res, 2020 May;380(2):393-414.
    PMID: 32337615 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03212-x
    Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are a rare group of cells in the testis that undergo self-renewal and complex sequences of differentiation to initiate and sustain spermatogenesis, to ensure the continuity of sperm production throughout adulthood. The difficulty of unequivocal identification of SSCs and complexity of replicating their differentiation properties in vitro have prompted the introduction of novel in vivo models such as germ cell transplantation (GCT), testis tissue xenografting (TTX), and testis cell aggregate implantation (TCAI). Owing to these unique animal models, our ability to study and manipulate SSCs has dramatically increased, which complements the availability of other advanced assisted reproductive technologies and various genome editing tools. These animal models can advance our knowledge of SSCs, testis tissue morphogenesis and development, germ-somatic cell interactions, and mechanisms that control spermatogenesis. Equally important, these animal models can have a wide range of experimental and potential clinical applications in fertility preservation of prepubertal cancer patients, and genetic conservation of endangered species. Moreover, these models allow experimentations that are otherwise difficult or impossible to be performed directly in the target species. Examples include proof-of-principle manipulation of germ cells for correction of genetic disorders or investigation of potential toxicants or new drugs on human testis formation or function. The primary focus of this review is to highlight the importance, methodology, current and potential future applications, as well as limitations of using these novel animal models in the study and manipulation of male germline stem cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adult Germline Stem Cells/physiology*
  16. Fulltext Dynamic behavior and stabilization of brain cell reconstitution after stroke under the proliferation and differentiation processes for stem cells
    Alqarni AJ, Rambely AS, Alharbi SA, Hashim I
    Math Biosci Eng, 2021 07 19;18(5):6288-6304.
    PMID: 34517534 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021314
    Stem cells play a critical role in regulatory operations, overseeing tissue regeneration and tissue homeostasis. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the impact of stem cell transplantation on the dynamical behavior of stroke therapy, which is assumed to be based on transplanting dead brain cells following a stroke. We transform the method of using hierarchical cell systems into a method of using different compartment variables by using ordinary differential equations, each of which elucidates a well-defined differentiation stage along with the effect of mature cells in improving the brain function after a stroke. Stem cells, progenitor cells, and the impacts of the stem cells transplanted on brain cells are among the variables considered. The model is studied analytically and solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. We analyze the structure of equilibria, the ability of neural stem cells to proliferate and differentiate, and the stability properties of equilibria for stem cell transplantation. The model is considered to be stable after transplantation if the stem cells and progenitor cells differentiate into mature nerve cells in the brain. The results of the model analysis and simulation facilitate the identification of various biologically probable parameter sets that can explain the optimal time for stem cell replacement of damaged brain cells. Associating the classified parameter sets with recent experimental and clinical findings contributes to a better understanding of therapeutic mechanisms that promote the reconstitution of brain cells after an ischemic stroke.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Stem Cells*
  17. Generation of pluripotent stem cells without the use of genetic material
    Higuchi A, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Munusamy MA, Alarfaj AA, Chang Y, et al.
    Lab Invest, 2015 Jan;95(1):26-42.
    PMID: 25365202 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.132
    Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a platform to obtain patient-specific cells for use as a cell source in regenerative medicine. Although iPSCs do not have the ethical concerns of embryonic stem cells, iPSCs have not been widely used in clinical applications, as they are generated by gene transduction. Recently, iPSCs have been generated without the use of genetic material. For example, protein-induced PSCs and chemically induced PSCs have been generated by the use of small and large (protein) molecules. Several epigenetic characteristics are important for cell differentiation; therefore, several small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic-modifying enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, and histone demethylases, are potential candidates for the reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs. In this review, we discuss what types of small chemical or large (protein) molecules could be used to replace the viral transduction of genes and/or genetic reprogramming to obtain human iPSCs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology*
  18. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Epithelial Progenitor Cells: A Comprehensive Study
    Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Gupta G, Sekar M, Meenakshi DU, Sathasivam K, et al.
    J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2023;42(3):1-29.
    PMID: 37017676 DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2022044456
    Technological advancement to enhance tumor cells (TC) has allowed discovery of various cellular bio-markers: cancer stem cells (CSC), circulating tumor cells (CTC), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). These are responsible for resistance, metastasis, and premetastatic conditions of cancer. Detection of CSC, CTC, and EPC assists in early diagnosis, recurrence prediction, and treatment efficacy. This review describes various methods to detect TC subpopulations such as in vivo assays (sphere-forming, serial dilution, and serial transplantation), in vitro assays (colony-forming cells, microsphere, side-population, surface antigen staining, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and Paul Karl Horan label-retaining cells, surface markers, nonenriched and enriched detection), reporter systems, and other analytical methods (flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy/spectroscopy, etc.). The detailed information on methods to detect CSC, CTC, and EPC in this review will assist investigators in successful prognosis, diagnosis, and cancer treatment with greater ease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
  19. Revolutionizing colorectal cancer treatment: unleashing the potential of miRNAs in targeting cancer stem cells
    Osei GY, Adu-Amankwaah J, Koomson S, Beletaa S, Ahmad MK, Asiamah EA, et al.
    Future Oncol, 2023 Nov;19(35):2369-2382.
    PMID: 37970643 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0426
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant contributor to cancer mortality worldwide, and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) represents a major challenge for achieving effective treatment. miRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, and recent studies have highlighted their role in regulating stemness and therapeutic resistance in CRC stem cells. This review highlights the mechanisms of CSC development, therapy resistance and the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for CRC. It emphasizes the promise of miRNAs as a novel approach to CRC treatment and calls for further research to explore effective miRNA-based therapies and strategies for delivering miRNAs to CSCs in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
  20. Corneal Epithelial Development and the Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Regeneration
    Selvarajah K, Tan JJ, Shaharuddin B
    Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2024;19(3):292-306.
    PMID: 36915985 DOI: 10.2174/1574888X18666230313094121
    Severe corneal disorders due to infective aetiologies, trauma, chemical injuries, and chronic cicatricial inflammations, are among vision-threatening pathologies leading to permanent corneal scarring. The whole cornea or lamellar corneal transplantation is often used as a last resort to restore vision. However, limited autologous tissue sources and potential adverse post-allotransplantation sequalae urge the need for more robust and strategic alternatives. Contemporary management using cultivated corneal epithelial transplantation has paved the way for utilizing stem cells as a regenerative potential. Humaninduced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can generate ectodermal progenitors and potentially be used for ocular surface regeneration. This review summarizes the process of corneal morphogenesis and the signaling pathways underlying the development of corneal epithelium, which is key to translating the maturation and differentiation process of hiPSCs in vitro. The current state of knowledge and methodology for driving efficient corneal epithelial cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells are highlighted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells*
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