Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 26 in total

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  1. The impact of gallium content on degradation, bioactivity, and antibacterial potency of zinc borate bioactive glass
    Rahimnejad Yazdi A, Torkan L, Stone W, Towler MR
    J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2018 Jan;106(1):367-376.
    PMID: 28152268 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33856
    Zinc borate glasses with increasing gallium content (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 Wt % Ga) were synthesized and their degradation, bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), and antibacterial properties were investigated. ICP measurements showed that increased gallium content in the glass resulted in increased gallium ion release and decreased release of other ions. Degradability declined with the addition of gallium, indicating the formation of more symmetric BO3 units with three bridging oxygens and asymmetric BO3 units with two bridging oxygens in the glass network as the gallium content in the series increased. The formation of amorphous CaP on the glass surface after 24 h of incubation in SBF was confirmed by SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses. Finally, antibacterial evaluation of the glasses using the agar disc-diffusion method demonstrated that the addition of gallium increased the antibacterial potency of the glasses against P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative) while decreasing it against S. epidermidis (Gram-positive); considering the ion release trends, this indicates that the gallium ion is responsible for the glasses' antibacterial behavior against P. aeruginosa while the zinc ion controls the antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. The statistical significance of the observed trends in the measurements were confirmed by applying the Kruskal-Wallis H Test. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 367-376, 2018.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/growth & development*
  2. Shifting the pH profiles of Staphylococcus epidermidis lipase (SEL) and Staphylococcus hyicus lipase (SHL) through generating chimeric lipases by DNA shuffling strategy
    Hasan WANBW, Nezhad NG, Yaacob MA, Salleh AB, Rahman RNZRA, Leow TC
    World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2024 Feb 22;40(4):106.
    PMID: 38386107 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03927-x
    Enzymes are often required to function in a particular reaction condition by the industrial procedure. In order to identify critical residues affecting the optimum pH of Staphylococcal lipases, chimeric lipases from homologous lipases were generated via a DNA shuffling strategy. Chimeric 1 included mutations of G166S, K212E, T243A, H271Y. Chimeric 2 consisted of substitutions of K212E, T243A, H271Y. Chimeric 3 contained substitutions of K212E, R359L. From the screening results, the pH profiles for chimeric 1 and 2 lipases were shifted from pH 7 to 6. While the pH of chimeric 3 was shifted to 8. It seems the mutation of K212E in chimeric 1 and 2 decreased the pH to 6 by changing the electrostatic potential surface. Furthermore, chimeric 3 showed 10 ˚C improvement in the optimum temperature due to the rigidification of the catalytic loop through the hydrophobic interaction network. Moreover, the substrate specificity of chimeric 1 and 2 was increased towards the longer carbon length chains due to the mutation of T243A adjacent to the lid region through increasing the flexibility of the lid. Current study illustrated that directed evolution successfully modified lipase properties including optimum pH, temperature and substrate specificity through mutations, especially near catalytic and lid regions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis*
  3. Lactoferrin modulates the biofilm formation and bap gene expression of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis
    Khanum R, Chung PY, Clarke SC, Chin BY
    Can J Microbiol, 2023 Feb 01;69(2):117-122.
    PMID: 36265186 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0135
    Lactoferrin is an innate glycoprotein with broad antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. The autonomous antibiofilm activity of lactoferrin against Gram-positive bacteria is postulated to involve the cell wall and biofilm components. Thus, the prevention of biomass formation and eradication of preformed biofilms by lactoferrin was investigated using a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strain. Additionally, the ability of lactoferrin to modulate the expression of the biofilm-associated protein gene (bap) was studied. The bap gene regulates the production of biofilm-associated proteins responsible for bacterial adhesion and aggregation. In the in vitro biofilm assays, lactoferrin prevented biofilm formation and eradicated established biofilms for up to 24 and 72 h, respectively. Extensive eradication of MRSE biofilm biomass was accompanied by the significant upregulation of bap gene expression. These data suggest the interaction of lactoferrin with the biofilm components and cell wall of MRSE, including the biofilm-associated protein.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics
  4. Fulltext First report on the molecular epidemiology of Malaysian Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a university teaching hospital
    Sani NA, Sapri HF, Neoh HM, Hussin S
    BMC Res Notes, 2014;7:597.
    PMID: 25186825 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-597
    Staphylococcus epidermidis is a pathogen associated with nosocomial infections whose medical importance has increased due to progressively invasive medical procedures. In this study, we characterized the molecular epidemiology of S. epidermidis strains circulating in our university hospital situated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects; Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics*; Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification
  5. Fulltext Antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococcus epidermidis among undergraduate students in malaysia public university health campus
    Abu Zarrin, A.M., Nor Munirah, M.A., Mohammad Izwan, E.O., Abdullah, A.S., Hanani, A.Y.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):166-176.
    MyJurnal
    Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) menjadi salah satu keprihatinan utama dalam pengurusan hospital berikutan kebolehannya menyebabkan jangkitan perolehan hospital terutamanya daripada alatan perubatan yang tercemar. Pengurusan jangkitan S. epidermidis semakin mencabar dengan peningkatan kes kerintangan terhadap antibiotik sejak kebelakangan ini. Laporan terhad mengenai kerintangan terhadap antibiotik oleh S. epidermidis di kalangan kumpulan komuniti yang sihat meninggalkan satu persoalan mengenai tahap penyebaran bakteria rintang antibiotik di kalangan komuniti. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti corak rentan antibiotik oleh S. epidermidis yang dipencilkan daripada pelajar-pelajar sihat di salah satu kampus kesihatan di universiti awam. Sebanyak 96 sampel sapuan telapak tangan telah diambil dan melalui beberapa ujikaji termasuk ujian pengenalpastian secara mikroskopik, biokimia dan juga ujian rentan antiobiotik untuk eryhtromycin, oxacillin, gentamicin, penicillin dan tetracycline menerusi ujian Kirby Bauer. Sejumlah 43 sampel menunjukkan kehadiran S. epidermidis (44.8%), di mana 72.1% daripada jumlah pencilan bakteria ini menunjukkan kerintangan terhadap sekurang-kurangnya satu jenis antibiotik. Tahap kerintangan tertinggi dan terendah masing-masing didapati pada penicillin dan gentamicin. Walaupun tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara corak rentan antibiotik antara kumpulan jantina, tahap kerintangan antibiotik yang tinggi di kalangan komuniti sihat menunjukkan terdapat keperluan terhadap kajian lanjut kerana penyebaran strain bakteria rintang antibiotik boleh berlaku kepada populasi komuniti lain dengan lebih meluas dan tanpa disedari.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
  6. Fulltext Directed Evolution of Recombinant C-Terminal Truncated Staphylococcus epidermidis Lipase AT2 for the Enhancement of Thermostability
    Veno J, Ahmad Kamarudin NH, Mohamad Ali MS, Masomian M, Raja Abd Rahman RNZ
    Int J Mol Sci, 2017 Nov 04;18(11).
    PMID: 29113034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112202
    In the industrial processes, lipases are expected to operate at temperatures above 45 °C and could retain activity in organic solvents. Hence, a C-terminal truncated lipase from Staphylococcus epidermis AT2 (rT-M386) was engineered by directed evolution. A mutant with glycine-to-cysteine substitution (G210C) demonstrated a remarkable improvement of thermostability, whereby the mutation enhanced the activity five-fold when compared to the rT-M386 at 50 °C. The rT-M386 and G210C lipases were purified concurrently using GST-affinity chromatography. The biochemical and biophysical properties of both enzymes were investigated. The G210C lipase showed a higher optimum temperature (45 °C) and displayed a more prolonged half-life in the range of 40-60 °C as compared to rT-M386. Both lipases exhibited optimal activity and stability at pH 8. The G210C showed the highest stability in the presence of polar organic solvents at 50 °C compared to the rT-M386. Denatured protein analysis presented a significant change in the molecular ellipticity value above 60 °C, which verified the experimental result on the temperature and thermostability profile of G210C.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/enzymology*; Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics
  7. A new cold-adapted, organic solvent stable lipase from mesophilic Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2
    Kamarudin NH, Rahman RN, Ali MS, Leow TC, Basri M, Salleh AB
    Protein J, 2014 Jun;33(3):296-307.
    PMID: 24777627 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-014-9560-3
    The gene encoding a cold-adapted, organic solvent stable lipase from a local soil-isolate, mesophilic Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2 was expressed in a prokaryotic system. A two-step purification of AT2 lipase was achieved using butyl sepharose and DEAE sepharose column chromatography. The final recovery and purification fold were 47.09 % and 3.45, respectively. The molecular mass of the purified lipase was estimated to be 43 kDa. AT2 lipase was found to be optimally active at pH 8 and stable at pH 6-9. Interestingly, this enzyme demonstrated remarkable stability at cold temperature (<30 °C) and exhibited optimal activity at a temperature of 25 °C. A significant enhancement of the lipolytic activity was observed in the presence of Ca(2+), Tween 60 and Tween 80. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, a well known serine inhibitor did not cause complete inhibition of the enzymatic activity. AT2 lipase exhibited excellent preferences towards long chain triglycerides and natural oils. The lipolytic activity was stimulated by dimethylsulfoxide and diethyl ether, while more than 50 % of its activity was retained in methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, and n-hexane. Taken together, AT2 lipase revealed highly attractive biochemical properties especially because of its stability at low temperature and in organic solvents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/enzymology*; Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics
  8. Fulltext Cationic chitosan-propolis nanoparticles alter the zeta potential of S. epidermidis, inhibit biofilm formation by modulating gene expression and exhibit synergism with antibiotics
    Ong TH, Chitra E, Ramamurthy S, Ling CCS, Ambu SP, Davamani F
    PLoS One, 2019;14(2):e0213079.
    PMID: 30818374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213079
    Staphylococcus epidermidis, is a common microflora of human body that can cause opportunistic infections associated with indwelling devices. It is resistant to multiple antibiotics necessitating the need for naturally occurring antibacterial agents. Malaysian propolis, a natural product obtained from beehives exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. Chitosan-propolis nanoparticles (CPNP) were prepared using Malaysian propolis and tested for their effect against S. epidermidis. The cationic nanoparticles depicted a zeta potential of +40 and increased the net electric charge (zeta potential) of S. epidermidis from -17 to -11 mV in a concentration-dependent manner whereas, ethanol (Eth) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of propolis further decreased the zeta potential from -17 to -20 mV. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) depicted that CPNP effectively disrupted biofilm formation by S. epidermidis and decreased viability to ~25% compared to Eth and EA with viability of ~60-70%. CPNP was more effective in reducing the viability of both planktonic as well as biofilm bacteria compared to Eth and EA. At 100 μg/mL concentration, CPNP decreased the survival of biofilm bacteria by ~70% compared to Eth or EA extracts which decreased viability by only 40%-50%. The morphology of bacterial biofilm examined by scanning electron microscopy depicted partial disruption of biofilm by Eth and EA extracts and significant disruption by CPNP reducing bacterial number in the biofilm by ~90%. Real time quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression in treated bacteria showed that genes involved in intercellular adhesion such as IcaABCD, embp and other related genes were significantly downregulated by CPNP. In addition to having a direct inhibitory effect on the survival of S. epidermidis, CPNP showed synergism with the antibiotics rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and doxycycline suggestive of effective treatment regimens. This would help decrease antibiotic treatment dose by at least 4-fold in combination therapies thereby opening up ways of tackling antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects*; Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics; Staphylococcus epidermidis/physiology
  9. Fulltext Expression of an organic solvent stable lipase from Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2
    Rahman RN, Kamarudin NH, Yunus J, Salleh AB, Basri M
    Int J Mol Sci, 2010;11(9):3195-208.
    PMID: 20957088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11093195
    An organic solvent tolerant lipase gene from Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2 was successfully cloned and expressed with pTrcHis2 in E. coli TOP10. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,933 bp in length which coded for a polypeptide of 643 amino acid residues. The polypeptide comprised of a signal peptide (37 amino acids), pro-peptide and a mature protein of 390 amino acids. Expression of AT2 lipase resulted in an 18-fold increase in activity, upon the induction of 0.6 mM IPTG after a 10 h incubation period. Interestingly, this lipase was stable in various organic solvents (25% (v/v), mainly toluene, octanol, p-xylene and n-hexane). Literature shows that most of the organic solvent stable bacterial lipases were produced by Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp., but very few from Staphylococcus sp. This lipase demonstrates great potential to be employed in various industrial applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/enzymology*
  10. Silver Nanoparticle Coated Bioactive Glasses--Composites with Dex/CMC Hydrogels: Characterization, Solubility, and In Vitro Biological Studies
    Wren AW, Hassanzadeh P, Placek LM, Keenan TJ, Coughlan A, Boutelle LR, et al.
    Macromol Biosci, 2015 Aug;15(8):1146-58.
    PMID: 25923463 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500109
    Silver (Ag) coated bioactive glass particles (Ag-BG) were formulated and compared to uncoated controls (BG) in relation to glass characterization, solubility and microbiology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a crystalline AgNP surface coating while ion release studies determined low Ag release (<2 mg/L). Cell culture studies presented increased cell viability (127 and 102%) with lower liquid extract (50 and 100 ml/ml) concentrations. Antibacterial testing of Ag-BG in E. coli, S. epidermidis and S. aureus significantly reduced bacterial cell viability by 60-90%. Composites of Ag-BG/CMC-Dex Hydrogels were formulated and characterized. Agar diffusion testing was conducted where Ag-BG/hydrogel composites produced the largest inhibition zones of 7 mm (E. coli), 5 mm (S. aureus) and 4 mm (S. epidermidis).
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects
  11. Fulltext Pattern of neonatal septicemia in a Malaysian maternity hospital
    Boo NY, Wong YH, Lim VK
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):189-93.
    PMID: 2626133
    Over a 12 months period, out of 25,411 livebirths, 155 neonates (6.1 per 1000 livebirths) had proven septicemia by blood culture. The mortality rate was 26.5%. Septicemia was more common among the very low birthweight and preterm neonates of gestation of 30 weeks or less. 45.8% of the septicemia occurred during the first 48 hours of life. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common causative organism. However, mortality was highest among neonates who acquired multiresistant nosocomial infection during the later part of neonatal life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification
  12. Unscrambling the effect of C-terminal tail deletion on the stability of a cold-adapted, organic solvent stable lipase from Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2
    Kamarudin NH, Rahman RN, Ali MS, Leow TC, Basri M, Salleh AB
    Mol Biotechnol, 2014 Aug;56(8):747-57.
    PMID: 24771007 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9753-1
    Terminal moieties of most proteins are long known to be disordered and flexible. To unravel the functional role of these regions on the structural stability and biochemical properties of AT2 lipase, four C-terminal end residues, (Ile-Thr-Arg-Lys) which formed a flexible, short tail-like random-coil segment were targeted for mutation. Swapping of the tail-like region had resulted in an improved crystallizability and anti-aggregation property along with a slight shift of the thermostability profile. The lipolytic activity of mutant (M386) retained by 43 % compared to its wild-type with 18 % of the remaining activity at 45 °C. In silico analysis conducted at 25 and 45 °C was found to be in accordance to the experimental findings in which the RMSD values of M386 were more stable throughout the total trajectory in comparison to its wild-type. Terminal moieties were also observed to exhibit large movement and flexibility as denoted by high RMSF values at both dynamics. Variation in organic solvent stability property was detected in M386 where the lipolytic activity was stimulated in the presence of 25 % (v/v) of DMSO, isopropanol, and diethyl ether. This may be worth due to changes in the surface charge residues at the mutation point which probably involve in protein-solvent interaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/enzymology*; Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics
  13. RecA mediated spontaneous deletions of the icaADBC operon of clinical Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates: a new mechanism of phenotypic variations
    Nuryastuti T, Henny C, Henk JB, Roel K, Abu TA, Bastiaan PK
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:97.
    PMID: 19025002
    Phenotypic variation in biofilm formation is common in clinical isolates of S. epidermidis. In the current study, nearly 5% of all clinical isolates analysed showed phenotypic variation in biofilm forming ability and electrophoretic mobility (EM). This is the first report of S. epidermidis strains irreversibly switching from biofilm-positive to biofilm-negative phenotype by spontaneous deletion of icaADBC genes which represents a new, possibly common mechanism of phenotypic variation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics*; Staphylococcus epidermidis/metabolism
  14. Fulltext Enhancing the Bioconversion of Azelaic Acid to Its Derivatives by Response Surface Methodology
    Khairudin N, Basri M, Fard Masoumi HR, Samson S, Ashari SE
    Molecules, 2018 Feb 13;23(2).
    PMID: 29438284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020397
    Azelaic acid (AzA) and its derivatives have been known to be effective in the treatment of acne and various cutaneous hyperpigmentary disorders. The esterification of azelaic acid with lauryl alcohol (LA) to produce dilaurylazelate using immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) is reported. Response surface methodology was selected to optimize the reaction conditions. A well-fitting quadratic polynomial regression model for the acid conversion was established with regards to several parameters, including reaction time and temperature, enzyme amount, and substrate molar ratios. The regression equation obtained by the central composite design of RSM predicted that the optimal reaction conditions included a reaction time of 360 min, 0.14 g of enzyme, a reaction temperature of 46 °C, and a molar ratio of substrates of 1:4.1. The results from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data and were within the experimental range (R² of 0.9732).The inhibition zone can be seen at dilaurylazelate ester with diameter 9.0±0.1 mm activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis S273. The normal fibroblasts cell line (3T3) was used to assess the cytotoxicity activity of AzA and AzA derivative, which is dilaurylazelate ester. The comparison of the IC50 (50% inhibition of cell viability) value for AzA and AzA derivative was demonstrated. The IC50 value for AzA was 85.28 μg/mL, whereas the IC50 value for AzA derivative was more than 100 μg/mL. The 3T3 cell was still able to survive without any sign of toxicity from the AzA derivative; thus, it was proven to be non-toxic in this MTT assay when compared with AzA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects; Staphylococcus epidermidis/growth & development
  15. Fulltext Aktiviti antibakteria ekstrak rafflesia cantleyi Solms-Laubach ke atas bakteria gram positif dan negatif
    Nuramira Azizan, Nihayah Mohamad, Ahmad Zorin Sahalan
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2011;9(2):51-54.
    MyJurnal
    Bunga rafflesia cantleyi Solms-Laubach merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan liar boleh ditemui di hutan tanah rendah di Semenanjung Malaysia dan digunakan secara meluas dalam ubatan tradisional. Objektif utama dalam kajian ini adalah untuk menguji keberkesanan ekstrak tumbuhan ini sebagai agen aktiviti antibakteria. rafflesia cantleyi Solms-Laubach diesktrak dengan menggunakan tiga kaedah pengekstrakkan berperingkat iaitu petroleum eter (PE) diikuti dengan etil asetat (EA) dan berakhir dengan etanol. Kesemua ekstrak ini kemudiannya diuji terhadap beberapa bakteria ujian iaitu Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 dan Salmonella typhimurium dengan menggunakan kaedah resapan telaga. Hasil keputusan menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat dan etanol mempunyai kesan perencatan bakteria yang baik, manakala ekstrak petroleum eter langsung tidak menunjukkan sebarang aktiviti antibakteria. Hasil kajian juga mendapati bahawa ekstrak etil asetat lebih ketara merencat kesemua bakteria yang diuji berbanding dengan ekstrak ethanol. Dua ujian lain yang dijalankan iaitu ujian penentuan nilai kepekatan perencatan minimum (MIC) dan nilai kepekatan minimum bakterisidal (MBC) didapati menyokong keputusan ujian kaedah resapan telaga di mana nilai MIC yang diperoleh bagi ekstrak etil asetat adalah lebih rendah iaitu dalam julat 6.25 hingga 12.5 mg/ml dan nilai MBC pula dalam julat 25.0 hingga 50.0 mg/ml berbanding ekstrak etanol dengan nilai MIC yang lebih besar iaitu dalam julat 25.0 hingga 50.0 mg/ml dan nilai MBCnya adalah 100.0 mg/ml.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
  16. Fulltext In vitro evaluation of octenidine as an antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus epidermidis in disinfecting the root canal system
    Chum JD, Lim DJZ, Sheriff SO, Pulikkotil SJ, Suresh A, Davamani F
    Restor Dent Endod, 2019 Feb;44(1):e8.
    PMID: 30834230 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e8
    Objectives: Irrigants are imperative in endodontic therapy for the elimination of pathogens from the infected root canal. The present study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) with chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) for root canal disinfection.

    Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained using serial dilution method. The agar diffusion method was then used to determine the zones of inhibition for each irrigant. Lastly, forty 6-mm dentin blocks were prepared from human mandibular premolars and inoculated with S. epidermidis. Samples were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 blocks and irrigated for 3 minutes with saline (control), 2% CHX, 3% NaOCl, or 0.1% OCT. Dentin samples were then collected immediately for microbial analysis, including an analysis of colony-forming units (CFUs).

    Results: The MICs of each tested irrigant were 0.05% for CHX, 0.25% for NaOCl, and 0.0125% for OCT. All tested irrigants showed concentration-dependent increase in zones of inhibition, and 3% NaOCl showed the largest zone of inhibition amongst all tested irrigants (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the CFU measurements of 2% CHX, 3% NaOCl, and 0.1% OCT showing complete elimination of S. epidermidis in all samples.

    Conclusions: This study showed that OCT was comparable to or even more effective than CHX and NaOCl, demonstrating antimicrobial activity at low concentrations against S. epidermidis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
  17. Fulltext Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Backhousia citriodora Essential Oil
    Lim AC, Tang SGH, Zin NM, Maisarah AM, Ariffin IA, Ker PJ, et al.
    Molecules, 2022 Jul 31;27(15).
    PMID: 35956846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154895
    The essential oil of Backhousia citriodora, commonly known as lemon myrtle oil, possesses various beneficial properties due to its richness in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of the essential oil isolated from leaves of Backhousia citriodora (BCEO) and its biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 21 compounds were identified in BCEO, representing 98.50% of the total oil content. The isomers of citral, geranial (52.13%), and neral (37.65%) were detected as the main constituents. The evaluation of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power showed that BCEO exhibited strong antioxidant activity at IC50 of 42.57 μg/mL and EC50 of 20.03 μg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity results showed that BCEO exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) than against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). For the agar disk diffusion method, S. epidermidis was the most sensitive to BCEO with an inhibition zone diameter of 50.17 mm, followed by S. aureus (31.13 mm), E. coli (20.33 mm), and K. pneumoniae (12.67 mm). The results from the microdilution method showed that BCEO exhibited the highest activity against S. epidermidis and S. aureus, with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 μL/mL. BCEO acts as a potent antibiofilm agent with dual actions, inhibiting (85.10% to 96.44%) and eradicating (70.92% to 90.73%) of the biofilms formed by the four tested bacteria strains, compared with streptomycin (biofilm inhibition, 67.65% to 94.29% and biofilm eradication, 49.97% to 89.73%). This study highlights that BCEO can potentially be a natural antioxidant agent, antibacterial agent, and antibiofilm agent that could be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report, on the antibiofilm activity of BCEO against four common nosocomial pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
  18. Fulltext A Review of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Types in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) Species
    Saber H, Jasni AS, Jamaluddin TZMT, Ibrahim R
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Oct;24(5):7-18.
    PMID: 29386968 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.2
    Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered low pathogenic organisms. However, they are progressively causing more serious infections with time because they have adapted well to various antibiotics owing to their ability to form biofilms. Few studies have been conducted on CoNS in both, hospital and community-acquired settings, especially in Malaysia. Thus, it is important to study their species and gene distributions. A mobile genetic element, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), plays an important role in staphylococci pathogenesis. Among CoNS, SCCmec has been studied less frequently than Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase-positive staphylococci). A recent study (8) conducted in Malaysia successfully detected SCCmec type I to VIII as well as several new combination patterns in CoNS species, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, data are still limited, and further research is warranted. This paper provides a review on SCCmec types among CoNS species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
  19. Fulltext Synergistic effects of Persicaria odorata (daun kesom) leaf extracts with standard antibiotics on pathogenic bacteria
    Ridzuan, P.M., Hairul Aini Hamzah, Anis Shah, Norazian Mohd Hassan, Baharudin Roesnita
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):27-32.
    MyJurnal
    Antibacterial activity of different types of P. odorata leaf extracts was evaluated in combination with
    standard antibiotics. Persicaria. odorata leaves were extracted with n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane
    (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). Each extract was applied on vancomycin (30µg), erythromycin (15µg) and
    gentamicin (10µg) discs, respectively. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the synergistic activity of
    each combination on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes,
    Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Minimum
    inhibitory concentration (MIC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis was performed on
    the active extract. Synergistic effects seen were mainly from the n-hex+antibiotics combinations, mainly on
    the Gram-positive bacteria (7 additive, 5 antagonistic), with MIC range from 50 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml, as well
    as Gram-negative bacteria (2 additive, 2 indifferent, 5 antagonistic). In particular, synergism showed by the
    combination of n-hex+van were all additive against the susceptible bacteria. DCM extract combination
    showed synergistic effects on three Gram-positive species (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes).
    Meanwhile, MeOH+antibiotics combination showed significant additive synergistic effects (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
  20. Isolation and characterization of novel antibacterial compound from an untapped plant, Stereospermum fimbriatum
    Izyani Awang AF, Ahmed QU, Shah SAA, Jaffri JM, Ghafoor K, Uddin ABMH, et al.
    Nat Prod Res, 2020 Mar;34(5):629-637.
    PMID: 30470132 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1494170
    Stereospermum fimbriatum or locally known as "Chicha" is traditionally used for itchy skin, earache, stomachache and postpartum treatments. This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of S. fimbriatum's stem bark against 11 pathogens and isolate its bioactive compound. Successive soxhlet extraction was conducted using n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol. Disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC & MBC) assays were done to examine the antimicrobial activity. Bioassay-guided isolation was conducted on S. fimbriatum's extract. The DCM extract of stem bark (DS) was the most potent extract followed by n-hexane extract of the stem bark (NS). A novel compound was isolated and coded as C1 which demonstrated potent antibacterial effects with the MIC values as low as 3.13 µg/mL to 6.25 µg/mL, against S. epidermidis, MRSA and S. aureus. Thus, S. fimbriatum could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of skin infections, specifically, MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
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