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Fulltext Genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis strain PR03, isolated from a local hospital in Malaysia

Khalid MI, Teh LK, Lee LS, Zakaria ZA, Salleh MZ

Genome Announc, 2013;1(3).
PMID: 23792750 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00327-13

Proteus mirabilis is one of the pathogenic agents that commonly causes urinary tract infections among elderly individuals and long-term catheterized patients. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis strain PR03 (3,932,623 bp, with a G+C content of 38.6%) isolated from a local hospital in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus mirabilis*
Serological types of typhus virus and corresponding types of Proteus

Felix A

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1933;27:147-172.
DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(33)90005-X

1. The Proteus strain XL, isolated by Dr. LIMA in the endemic area at Sao Paulo, represents the serological type of Proteus which corresponds to the local variety of typhus virus. 2. The Proteus strain "Muar", isolated in the Federated Malay States and described by MARTIN, antigenically corresponds to the virus of the local variety of tropical typhus (type XK). 3. The agglutinins for the two types OX19 and OX2, present in the serum from cases of "fie`vre boutonneuse" of the Mediterranean, are of the order of group agglutinins and are due to group antigens present in the virus. 4. It is suggested that the type of the main antigen of the virus of "fie`vre boutonneuse" will remain unknown until the corresponding type of Proteus has been isolated. 5. The relationship between the agglutinogenic and the immunogenic properties of different varieties of typhus virus is discussed. The established facts indicate that cross-immunity between typhus viruses is accompanied by identity of the serum reactions to Proteus X whereas failure to obtain cross-immunity coincides with dissimilarity in agglutination reactions. 6. The present knowledge of serological varieties of typhus, based on the occurrence in the patients' serum of main and group agglutinins for various types of Proteus X is presented in tabular form. It is suggested that serological methods, using various types of Proteus, are indispensable in the experimental study of the typhus group of viruses. 7. The technique of the agglutination reaction with Proteus X strains is discussed. The use of O variants and of the new Oxford standard suspension are recommended. 8. The isolation of Proteus X strains and the hypothesis of the transformation of Rickettsia into Proteus X are discussed and some technical details of the methods of cultivation are described. c 1933.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus
Fulltext R plasmid-borne transferable multiple antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate of Proteus sp in Peninsular Malaysia

Koh CL, Tay SH

Singapore Med J, 1984 Oct;25(5):300-3.
PMID: 6523137

A clinical isolate of Proteus sp., resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephaloridine, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin,
kanamycin and tetracycline, was examined for the presence of conjugative R plasmids. Results from conjugation, agarose gel
electrophoresis and transformation experiments showed that it harboured a large self-transmissible R plasmid which coded for all
the resistance traits.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus/drug effects; Proteus/genetics*
Fulltext Chronic rectal bleeding in Proteus syndrome

Siow SL, Sim NK

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Dec;65(4):313-4.
PMID: 21901955

Proteus Syndrome is a rare congenital hamartomatous disorder that typically manifests itself in overgrowth, vascular malformation and disregulation of fatty tissue. The tissues affected are commonly the limbs but can be of any tissue. Vascular anomalies are common and appear at random sites on the body. Diagnosis is often difficult leading to wrong treatment. We describe a case of a 17-year-old girl with Proteus syndrome presented with symptomatic anaemia secondary to chronic rectal bleeding. Computed Tomography Angiogram of Abdomen and Pelvis confirmed the presence of rectal vascular malformations.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus Syndrome/complications*
A case of disproportionate macrodactyly or a mild form of Proteus syndrome? An interesting case

Abdullah S, Haflah NH, Sapuan J, Das S

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2010;53(4):243-6.
PMID: 21400985

We present a 20-year-old Malay male whom we believe has Proteus syndrome, a rare congenital disorder of asymmetrical overgrowth of body tissues. There are fewer than 100 confirmed cases reported worldwide thus the clinical presentation and histopathological findings are of significance. Our patient presented with an overgrown right small finger and subcutaneous purplish pigmentation over his left upper arm and chest since birth. His small finger gradually increased in size. He had no abnormalities in sensation or power. Radiographs revealed a delta shaped middle phalanx of the small finger. His activities of daily living were uninterrupted but he requested debulking surgery for cosmetic reasons. Histopathological examination reported hypertrophic fatty tissue composed of well formed lobules of mature adipocytes interspersed with fibrous elements.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus Syndrome/diagnosis*
Fulltext The development of a power recycling prototype for renewable energy using dc motor

Wan Nor Shela Ezwane Wan Jusoh, Md Razak Daud

Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2018;2(6):50-54.
MyJurnal

Energy consumption is an important part of life today because without the power a work cannot be done. The energy used today will be lost or waste without renewable energy or power recycle back. In reality, energy use has always had a noticeable impact on the environment. Overconsumption of energy is the main trigger for the global warming that is now threatening to cause devastation in many areas of the world. Each year, electricity consumption in Malaysia is always an increase. This can contribute to the occurrence of global warming. This project will be designed for renewable energy or recycle power to avoid waste of energy from lost. Also, this project consider regarding the Green Technology without polluting the environment. The objective is to develop a prototype or hardware that aims to renewable energy using the 12V DC Motor as a generator which is use rear shaft of table fan as a medium to drive the 12V DC Motor and also to analyze the power consumption of table fan before and after install with hardware. The methods used to design the connector and DC motor holder is using a solidwork software, then construct the circuit simulation using a proteus software and also use a microcontroller PIC16F877A as a controller. The result obtained from the testing and experiments by integrating the hardware part, electrical part and software part. Finally, with the development of a power recycling prototype for renewable energy using DC Motor application, the wasted energy can be reused from conversion to other energy and energy can be used as renewable energy.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus
The antibiogram and the distribution of Proteus organisms isolated from urinary tracts

Chai KH, Soo-Hoo TS

Med J Malaya, 1970 Sep;25(1):43-5.
PMID: 4249494
Matched MeSH terms: Proteus/drug effects; Proteus/isolation & purification*
Secondary metabolites produced by marine streptomyces as antibiofilm and quorum-sensing inhibitor of uropathogen Proteus mirabilis

Younis KM, Usup G, Ahmad A

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Mar;23(5):4756-67.
PMID: 26538254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5687-9

Quorum-sensing regulates bacterial biofilm formation and virulence factors, thereby making it an interesting target for attenuating pathogens. In this study, we investigated anti-biofilm and anti-quorum-sensing compounds from secondary metabolites of halophiles marine streptomyces against urinary catheter biofilm forming Proteus mirabilis without effect on growth viability. A total of 40 actinomycetes were isolated from samples collected from different places in Iraq including marine sediments and soil samples. Fifteen isolates identified as streptomyces and their supernatant screened as anti-quorum-sensing by inhibiting quorum-sensing regulated prodigiosin biosynthesis of Serratia marcescens strain Smj-11 as a reporter strain. Isolate Sediment Lake Iraq (sdLi) showed potential anti-quorum-sensing activity. Out of 35 clinical isolates obtained from Urinary catheter used by patient at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, 22 isolates were characterized and identified as Proteus mirabilis. Isolate Urinary Catheter B4 (UCB4) showed the highest biofilm formation with highest resistance to used antibiotic and was chosen for further studies. Ethyl acetate secondary metabolites extract was produced from sdLi isolate. First, we determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of sdLi crude extract against UCB4 isolate, and all further experiments used concentrations below the MIC. Tests of subinhibitory concentrations of sdLi crude extract showed good inhibition against UCB4 isolate biofilm formation on urinary catheter and cover glass using Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy respectively. The influence of sub-MIC of sdLi crude extract was also found to attenuate the quorum sensing (QS)-dependent factors such as hemolysin activity, urease activity, pH value, and motility of UCB4 isolate. Evidence is presented that these nontoxic secondary metabolites may act as antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing by competing with quorum-sensing signals for receptor binding.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus mirabilis/drug effects*; Proteus mirabilis/metabolism
Complications of chronic suppurative otitis media: a left otogenic brain abscess and a right mastoid fistula

Chew YK, Cheong JP, Khir A, Brito-Mutunayagam S, Prepageran N

Ear Nose Throat J, 2012 Oct;91(10):428, 430.
PMID: 23076851

Otogenic brain abscess and postauricular fistula are complications of chronic suppurative otitis media. We describe a rare case of bilateral chronic suppurative otitis media that caused a left temporal lobe abscess and a right mastoid fistula.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus Infections/diagnosis; Proteus Infections/etiology*; Proteus Infections/therapy; Proteus mirabilis
Fulltext In silico Identification of the Indispensable Quorum Sensing Proteins of Multidrug Resistant Proteus mirabilis

Pawar S, Ashraf MI, Mujawar S, Mishra R, Lahiri C

Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2018;8:269.
PMID: 30131943 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00269

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) is an alarming hospital based disease with the increase of multidrug resistance (MDR) strains of Proteus mirabilis. Cases of long term hospitalized patients with multiple episodes of antibiotic treatments along with urinary tract obstruction and/or undergoing catheterization have been reported to be associated with CAUTI. The cases are complicated due to the opportunist approach of the pathogen having robust swimming and swarming capability. The latter giving rise to biofilms and probably inducible through autoinducers make the scenario quite complex. High prevalence of long-term hospital based CAUTI for patients along with moderate percentage of morbidity, cropping from ignorance about drug usage and failure to cure due to MDR, necessitates an immediate intervention strategy effective enough to combat the deadly disease. Several reports and reviews focus on revealing the important genes and proteins, essential to tackle CAUTI caused by P. mirabilis. Despite longitudinal countrywide studies and methodical strategies to circumvent the issues, effective means of unearthing the most indispensable proteins to target for therapeutic uses have been meager. Here, we report a strategic approach for identifying the most indispensable proteins from the genome of P. mirabilis strain HI4320, besides comparing the interactomes comprising the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) biosynthetic pathway along with other proteins involved in biofilm formation and responsible for virulence. Essentially, we have adopted a theoretical network model based approach to construct a set of small protein interaction networks (SPINs) along with the whole genome (GPIN) to computationally identify the crucial proteins involved in the phenomenon of quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm formation and thus, could be therapeutically targeted to fight out the MDR threats to antibiotics of P. mirabilis. Our approach utilizes the functional modularity coupled with k-core analysis and centrality scores of eigenvector as a measure to address the pressing issues.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus Infections/microbiology; Proteus mirabilis/drug effects; Proteus mirabilis/physiology*
Fulltext Proteus Mirabilis in sternomastoid abscess: a double rarity

Khairi, M.D.M., Irfan, M.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-5.
MyJurnal

Neck abscess is still common in developing countries. Often the presentation is late especially when the pain becomes intolerable or the airway is compromised. Intramuscular abscess in the neck is very rarely encountered. We report a case of an abscess of the right sternocleidomastoid. The culture grew Proteus mirabilis. The outline of management is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus mirabilis
In silico 'fishing' using known small regulatory RNA (sRNA) candidates as the decoy from Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium manifested 14 novel sRNA candidates in the orthologous region of Proteus mirabilis

KishanRaj S, Sumitha S, Siventhiran B, Thiviyaa O, Sathasivam KV, Xavier R, et al.

Mol Biol Rep, 2018 Dec;45(6):2333-2343.
PMID: 30284142 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4397-z

Proteus mirabilis, a gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is a leading cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) with rapid development of multi-drug resistance. Identification of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), which belongs to a class of RNAs that do not translate into a protein, could permit the comprehension of the regulatory roles this molecules play in mediating pathogenesis and multi-drug resistance of the organism. In this study, comparative sRNA analysis across three different members of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium) was carried out to identify the sRNA homologs in P. mirabilis. A total of 232 sRNA genes that were reported in E. coli, S. typhi and S. typhimurium were subjected to comparative analysis against P. mirabilis HI4320 genome. We report the detection of 14 sRNA candidates, conserved in the orthologous regions of P. mirabilis, that are not included in Rfam database. Northern-blot analysis was carried out for selected three sRNA candidates from the current investigation and three known sRNA from Rfam of P. mirabilis. The expression pattern of the six sRNA candidates shows that they are growth stage-dependant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of sRNA candidates in P. mirabilis.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus mirabilis/genetics*; Proteus mirabilis/metabolism
Isolations of enteric pathogens from synanthropic flies trapped in downtown Kuala Lumpur

Sulaiman S, Othman MZ, Aziz AH

J Vector Ecol, 2000 Jun;25(1):90-3.
PMID: 10925800

Four species of synanthropic flies were trapped in downtown Kuala Lumpur: Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya rufifacies, Musca domestica, and Musca sorbens. Burkholderia pseudomallei, the organism causing melioidosis, was the dominant bacteria isolated from Chrysomya megacephala. Klebsiella oxytoca, commonly associated with nosocomial infections, was commonly isolated from Chrysomya megacephala, Musca domestica, and Musca sorbens. Aeromonas hydrophila, the bacteria causing gastroenteritis, was predominantly isolated from Chrysomya megacephala and also from Musca domestica and Musca sorbens. A total of 18 bacterial species was isolated from the synanthropic flies trapped. Burkholderia pseudomallei had been reported for the first time.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus/classification; Proteus/isolation & purification
Diversity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of culturable bacterial endophyte communities in Aloe vera

Akinsanya MA, Goh JK, Lim SP, Ting AS

FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2015 Dec;362(23):fnv184.
PMID: 26454221 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv184

Twenty-nine culturable bacterial endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized tissues (root, stem and leaf) of Aloe vera and molecularly characterized to 13 genera: Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, Aeromonas, Providencia, Cedecea, Klebsiella, Cronobacter, Macrococcus and Shigella. The dominant genera include Bacillus (20.7%), Pseudomonas (20.7%) and Enterobacter (13.8%). The crude and ethyl acetate fractions of the metabolites of six isolates, species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Chryseobacterium and Shigella, have broad spectral antimicrobial activities against pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones ranging from 6.0 ± 0.57 to 16.6 ± 0.57 mm. In addition, 80% of the bacterial endophytes produced 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with scavenging properties of over 75% when their crude metabolites were compared with ascorbic acid (92%). In conclusion, this study revealed for the first time the endophytic bacteria communities from A. vera (Pseudomonas hibiscicola, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Enterobacter ludwigii, Bacillus anthracis) that produce bioactive compounds with high DPPH scavenging properties (75-88%) and (Bacillus tequilensis, Pseudomonas entomophila, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Bacillus aerophilus) that produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activities against bacterial pathogens. Hence, we suggest further investigation and characterization of their bioactive compounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus vulgaris
Fabrication of nano-mosquitocides using chitosan from crab shells: Impact on non-target organisms in the aquatic environment

Murugan K, Anitha J, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Rajaganesh R, Chandramohan B, et al.

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2016 Oct;132:318-28.
PMID: 27344400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.021

Mosquitoes are arthropods of huge medical and veterinary relevance, since they vector pathogens and parasites of public health importance, including malaria, dengue and Zika virus. Currently, nanotechnology is considered a potential eco-friendly approach in mosquito control research. We proposed a novel method of biofabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using chitosan (Ch) from crab shells. Ch-AgNP nanocomposite was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD. Ch-AgNP were tested against larvae and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi obtaining LC50 ranging from 3.18 ppm (I) to 6.54 ppm (pupae). The antibacterial properties of Ch-AgNP were proved against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi, while no growth inhibition was reported in assays conducted on Proteus vulgaris. Concerning non-target effects, in standard laboratory considtions the predation efficiency of Danio rerio zebrafishes was 68.8% and 61.6% against I and II instar larvae of A. stephensi, respectively. In a Ch-AgNP-contaminated environment, fish predation was boosted to 89.5% and 77.3%, respectively. Quantitative analysis of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and LPO from hepatopancreas of fresh water crabs Paratelphusa hydrodromous exposed for 16 days to a Ch-AgNP-contaminated aquatic environment were conducted. Notably, deleterious effects of Ch-AgNP contaminating aquatic enviroment on the non-target crab P. hydrodromous were observed, particularly when doses higher than 8-10ppm are tested. Overall, this research highlights the potential of Ch-AGNP for the development of newer control tools against young instar populations of malaria mosquitoes, also highlighting some risks concerned the employ of nanoparticles in aquatic environments.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus vulgaris
Fulltext In-Situ Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles in Ceiba pentandra Natural Fiber Using Entada spiralis Extract with Their Antibacterial and Catalytic Dye Reduction Properties

Wan Mat Khalir WKA, Shameli K, Jazayeri SD, Othman NA, Che Jusoh NW, Mohd Hassan N

Nanomaterials (Basel), 2020 Jun 03;10(6).
PMID: 32503127 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061104

It is believed of great interest to incorporate silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) into stable supported materials using biological methods to control the adverse properties of nanoscale particles. In this study, in-situ biofabrication of Ag-NPs using Entada spiralis (E. spiralis) aqueous extract in Ceiba pentandra (C. pentandra) fiber as supporting material was used in which, the E. spiralis extract acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents to incorporate Ag-NPs in the C. pentandra fiber. The properties of Ag-NPs incorporated in the C. pentandra fiber (C. pentandra/Ag-NPs) were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FETEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses. The average size of Ag-NPs measured using FETEM image was 4.74 nm spherical in shape. The C. pentandra/Ag-NPs was easily separated after application, and could control the release of Ag-NPs to the environment due to its strong attachment in C. pentandra fiber. The C. pentandra/Ag-NPs exposed good qualitative and quantitative antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 33420). The dye catalytic properties of C. pentandra/Ag-NPs revealed the dye reduction time in which it was completed within 4 min for 20 mg/L rhodamine B and 20 min for 20 mg/L methylene blue dye, respectively. Based on the results, it is evident that C. pentandra/Ag-NPs are potentially promising to be applied in wound healing, textile, wastewater treatment, food packaging, labeling and biomedical fields.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus vulgaris
Use of gas liquid chromatography as an adjunct to conventional bacteriological methods in the diagnosis of anaerobic cerebral abscess

Pit S, Jamal F, Cheah FK, Abbas MA

Ann Saudi Med, 1991 Jul;11(4):424-8.
PMID: 17590760

Forty cases of cerebral abscesses were studied prospectively to establish the microbial agents implicated in these cases. Chronic otitis media (14 patients, 35%), congenital heart disease (five patients, 12.5%),a and meningitis (five patients, 12.5%) were among the important predisposing factors. Streptococcus (14 patients, 35%) was the most common causative pre-isolated, the predominant species being Streptococcus milleri (11 patients, 27.5%). Other organisms isolated included Proteus mirabilis in six patients (15%) and Staphylococcus aureus in five patients (12.5%). Anaerobes (12 patients, 30%), predominantly Bacteroides sp. (eight patients, 20%), played an important role in these cases, the majority of which were isolated in mixed cultures. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of pus detected the presence of anaerobes in another 11 cases of cerebral abscess, in which cultures of anaerobes were negative. Therefore, gas-liquid chromotography is useful as an adjunct to conventional bacteriological methods in providing a rapid and sensitive means of detecting anaerobes in pus obtained especially from patients who had received antibiotic therapy prior to hospitalization.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus mirabilis
Effects of Methanol Extract of Wedelia chinensis Osbeck (Asteraceae) Leaves against Pathogenic Bacteria with Emphasise on Bacillus cereus

Darah I, Lim SH, Nithianantham K

Indian J Pharm Sci, 2013 Sep;75(5):533-9.
PMID: 24403653

The antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Wedelia chinensis leave was studied and tested against three pathogenic Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and Stapylococcus aureus) and three pathogenic Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by the disk diffusion assay and broth dilution methods. The extract exhibited favourable antibacterial activity against the bacterial cells but was more potent against Gram positive bacteria with the minimum inhibition concentration of 3.12 to 6.25 mg/ml compared to the Gram negative bacteria which had minimum inhibition concentration values of 25 mg/ml. The time-kill study suggested that the extract possessed bactericidal properties at higher concentrations and eradicated the growth of bacterial cells. The major abnormalities occurred to the bacterial cells after exposed to the extract were complete alterations in their morphology and collapsed of the cells beyond repair. The methanol extract of W. chinensis may be an effective antibacterial agent to treat bacterial infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus
Fulltext Antibacterial Potential of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. and Its Bioactive Molecules against Uropathogens-An In Silico Study to Identify Potential Lead Molecule(s) for the Development of New Drugs to Treat Urinary Tract Infections

Mehta J, Utkarsh K, Fuloria S, Singh T, Sekar M, Salaria D, et al.

Molecules, 2022 Aug 05;27(15).
PMID: 35956923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154971

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are becoming more common, requiring extensive protection from antimicrobials. The global expansion of multi-drug resistance uropathogens in the past decade emphasizes the necessity of newer antibiotic treatments and prevention strategies for UTIs. Medicinal plants have wide therapeutic applications in both the prevention and management of many ailments. Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal plant that is found in the warmer and wetlands regions of the world. It has been used in Ayurvedic systems for centuries. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of the extract of B. monnieri leaves and its bioactive molecules against UTIs that are caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. This in vitro experimental study was conducted by an agar well diffusion method to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 80% methanol, 96% ethanol, and aqueous extracts of B. monnieri leaves on uropathogens. Then, further screening of their phytochemicals was carried out using standard methods. To validate the bioactive molecules and the microbe interactions, AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking with the Klebsiella pneumoniae fosfomycin resistance protein (5WEW) and the Zn-dependent receptor-binding domain of Proteus mirabilis MR/P fimbrial adhesin MrpH (6Y4F). Toxicity prediction and drug likeness were predicted using ProTox-II and Molinspiration, respectively. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to study the protein ligand complexes. The methanolic leaves extract of B. monnieri revealed a 22.3 mm ± 0.6 mm to 25.0 mm ± 0.5 mm inhibition zone, while ethanolic extract seemed to produce 19.3 mm ± 0.8 mm to 23.0 mm ± 0.4 mm inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae with the use of increasing concentrations. In the case of P. mirabilis activity, the methanolic extracts showed a 21.0 mm ± 0.8 mm to 24.0 mm ± 0.6 mm zone of inhibition and the ethanol extract produced a 17.0 mm ± 0.9 mm to 23.0 mm ± 0.7 mm inhibition zone with increasing concentrations. Carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponin, phenolic, and terpenoid were common phytoconstituents identified in B. monnieri extracts. Oroxindin showed the best interactions with the binding energies with 5WEW and 6Y4F, -7.5 kcal/mol and -7.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Oroxindin, a bioactive molecule, followed Lipinski's rule of five and exhibited stability in the MD simulation. The overall results suggest that Oroxindin from B. monnieri can be a potent inhibitor for the effective killing of K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis. Additionally, its safety has been established, indicating its potential for future drug discovery and development in the treatment for UTIs.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus mirabilis
Fulltext Mobile Phones: A Possible Vehicle of Bacterial Transmission in a Higher Learning Institution in Malaysia

Hikmah N', Anuar TS

Malays J Med Sci, 2020 Mar;27(2):151-158.
PMID: 32788850 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.15

Background: Mobile phones (MPs) have become one of the most indispensable accessories in social and professional life. Though they offer plenty of benefits, MPs are prolific breeding grounds for infectious pathogens in communities. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of bacterial contamination and determine antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from MPs.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2019 on 126 students and 37 laboratory staff/clinical instructors' MPs from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia by a simple random sampling technique. Along with the questionnaire, a swab sample from each participant's MPs was collected and transported to the microbiology laboratory for bacterial culture as per standard microbiological procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility test by the disc diffusion technique. Data were analysed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Programme version 24.
Results: All of the tested MPs were contaminated with either single or mix bacterial agents. Bacillus spp. (74.8%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 47.9%) and S. aureus (20.9%) were the most predominant bacterial isolates, whilst the least isolate was Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) (2.5%). Oxacillin resistance was seen in 5.9% of S. aureus isolate. A comparison of bacteria type and frequency among gender showed a significant difference with P. vulgaris (P = 0.003) and among profession showed a significant difference with S. aureus (P = 0.004).
Conclusion: The present study indicates that MPs can serve as a vector for both pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms. Therefore, full guidelines about restricting the use of MPs in laboratory environments, hand hygiene and frequent decontamination of MPs are recommended to limit the risk of cross-contamination and healthcare-associated infections caused by MPs.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus vulgaris

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