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  1. Fulltext Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation
    Cooper HV, Evers S, Aplin P, Crout N, Dahalan MPB, Sjogersten S
    Nat Commun, 2020 01 21;11(1):407.
    PMID: 31964892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14298-w
    Conversion of tropical peat swamp forest to drainage-based agriculture alters greenhouse gas (GHG) production, but the magnitude of these changes remains highly uncertain. Current emissions factors for oil palm grown on drained peat do not account for temporal variation over the plantation cycle and only consider CO2 emissions. Here, we present direct measurements of GHGs emitted during the conversion from peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation, accounting for CH4 and N2O as well as CO2. Our results demonstrate that emissions factors for converted peat swamp forest is in the range 70-117 t CO2 eq ha-1 yr-1 (95% confidence interval, CI), with CO2 and N2O responsible for ca. 60 and ca. 40% of this value, respectively. These GHG emissions suggest that conversion of Southeast Asian peat swamp forest is contributing between 16.6 and 27.9% (95% CI) of combined total national GHG emissions from Malaysia and Indonesia or 0.44 and 0.74% (95% CI) of annual global emissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nitrous Oxide/metabolism
  2. Effect of external hydrazine addition on anammox reactor start-up time
    Ganesan S, Vadivelu VM
    Chemosphere, 2019 May;223:668-674.
    PMID: 30802832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.104
    Hydrazine is an intermediate product of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process where both ammonium and nitrite in wastewater are converted to nitrogen gas by bacteria. In this study the effect of external hydrazine addition (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L) on the start-up period of the Anammox process was studied using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The SBR with an addition of 10 mg/L hydrazine took only 7 weeks to stabilize and achieve the maximum removal of ammonium and nitrite, whereas the SBR without the addition of hydrazine took 12 weeks. The amount of Heme C extracted from the biomass indicated that externally added hydrazine accelerated the growth of Anammox bacteria and reduced the release of nitrous oxide gas from the reactors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nitrous Oxide/metabolism
  3. Fulltext Antidiarrhoeal investigation of Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) by modulation of Na+K+ATPase, nitrous oxide and intestinal transit in rats
    Sahoo HB, Sagar R, Kumar A, Bhaiji A, Bhattamishra SK
    Biomed J, 2016 Dec;39(6):376-381.
    PMID: 28043416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.11.003
    BACKGROUND: Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) is an annual herb with traditional appreciation for various pharmacological properties; however, the scientific information on this herb is insufficient. The aim of the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate flavonoidal fraction of A. leptophyllum fruit (FFALF) against diarrhoea on albino rats.

    METHODS: The antidiarrhoeal study was conducted by castor oil induce diarrhoea, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced enteropooling and intestinal transit by charcoal meal test. The rats were divided into five groups (six/group). Group I served as control and received orally 2% acacia suspension; Group II served as standard and received orally loperamide (3 mg/kg) or atropine sulphate (5 mg/kg); Group III, IV and V served as test groups and received the FFALF at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg orally, respectively.

    RESULTS: In castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model, the FFALF significantly (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Nitrous Oxide/metabolism
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