MyMedR

Webb JKG

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 1960;27:147-157.

1. The pathological changes in the lung, liver and lymph-nodes of typical cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia are described. 2. Microfilariae have been demonstrated in the centre of nodules in each of these tissues, suggesting that direct invasion by these organisms is the cause of the lesion in this disease. 3. Cases have been encountered with lymph-node and hepatic, but without lung involvement. The lesions in these cases are similar to those seen in the lung, and microfilariae are present. A plea is made to enlarge the concept of tropical eosinophilia to include such cases, and the same time to restrict it to those in which a filarial infection is proved or suspected. 4. Microfilariae recovered from lymph-nodes have been provisionally identified as W. bancrofti-type, but on the analogy of findings in Malaya, it is suggested that these may be of animal origin and that zoonotic filariasis remains the most likely explanation of tropical eosinophilia. © 1960 Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.

Matched MeSH terms: Eosinophilia/etiology

Bradycardia, headache, and vomiting in a child after a fall

Tsyeng NK, Omar M, Rahman RA, Rahman SA

BMJ, 2024 Jan 18;384:e077643.

PMID: 38237943 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077643

Matched MeSH terms: Headache/etiology

Tuberculosis (TB) of the genital tract presenting with secondary amenorrhoea

Abdul Mulalek N, Wan Abas WR, Muhammad Tamyez F, Ramli R

BMJ Case Rep, 2023 Dec 18;16(12).

PMID: 38110342 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258548

Matched MeSH terms: Amenorrhea/etiology

Fulltext Organising pneumonia manifesting as a late-phase complication of COVID-19

Ng BH, Ban AY, Nik Abeed NN, Faisal M

BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Oct 29;14(10).

PMID: 34716149 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246119

Acute COVID-19 usually lasts 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms. We report two cases of COVID-19-associated organising pneumonia (OP) occurring beyond 4 weeks from the acute onset of symptoms. Both tested positive for SARS reverse transcription-PCR 2 months before presentation with a resolution of respiratory symptoms. The first case presented with residual fatigue and worsening exertional dyspnoea. Chest CT revealed an OP pattern. The second case presented with worsening cough and new-onset pleuritic chest pain with persistent radiological consolidation. A transbronchial lung biopsy confirmed OP. Both patients responded well to 12 weeks of steroid therapy. This case illustrates the rare presentation of OP as a late sequela of COVID-19 and the good response to steroid therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Cough/etiology

Hirschsprung disease associated enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Poerwosusanta H, Saputra YA, Budi AS, Aditia D, Gunadi

Med J Malaysia, 2024 Jul;79(4):477-482.

PMID: 39086347

INTRODUCTION: Hirschsprung's disease-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) remains a substantial morbidity and mortality risk in Hirschsprung's disease. HAEC is a challenge. Its p athophysiology is still a mystery, and no adequate treatment strategy exists. The aim of the study is to analyse the pre-and post-operative, mortality and complications: strictures, anastomotic leak, constipation and incontinence associated with HAEC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adjust to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020; this study met all the requirements and was up-todate. The search approach was online publications between 2013 and 2023 in Pubmed and SagePub. It was decided not to consider review pieces that had already been published and half done. The STATA 18th version was used for metaanalysis.

RESULTS: Our search results included 370 PubMed and 149 SagePub articles. Since 2013, 134 PubMed and nine SagePub articles have been obtained, and seven studies have met the criteria.

CONCLUSION: Disorders of intestinal motility in the aganglionic segment and accumulation of faeces disrupt the balanced microbiota population, which are factors of preoperative HAEC. Major congenital anomalies and low birth weight worsen pre-operative HAEC. Pre-operative HAEC can continue and affect the post-operative. Constipation and fecal incontinence are still the main challenges after HSCR surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Postoperative Complications/etiology

Fulltext Vestibular migraine: a manifestation of long COVID syndrome in children

Saniasiaya J

BMJ Case Rep, 2023 May 22;16(5).

PMID: 37217233 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255734

Long COVID-19 syndrome has been reported among children and adolescents following COVID-19 recovery. Among them, notable symptoms include myalgia, insomnia, loss of smell and headache. Yet, novel manifestations are being discovered daily. Herein, we report two cases of vestibular migraine post-COVID-19 involving two children who presented with vestibular migraine symptoms following COVID-19 infection and their management. Children post-COVID-19 should be thoroughly evaluated for vestibular migraine symptoms so they can be managed promptly. This is the first article to report vestibular migraine as a manifestation of long COVID-19 syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Headache/etiology; Vertigo/etiology

Fulltext The promise of zebrafish as a model of metabolic syndrome

Benchoula K, Khatib A, Jaffar A, Ahmed QU, Sulaiman WMAW, Wahab RA, et al.

Exp Anim, 2019 Nov 06;68(4):407-416.

PMID: 31118344 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0168

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster including hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridaemia as a result of biochemical and physiological alterations and can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Fundamental research on this disease requires validated animal models. One potential animal model that is rapidly gaining in popularity is zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish as an animal model conveys several advantages, including high human genetic homology, transparent embryos and larvae that allow easier visualization. This review discusses how zebrafish models contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome studies. Different diseases in the cluster of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperglycaemia, obesity, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridaemia, have been successfully studied using zebrafish; and the model is promising for hypertension and cardiovascular metabolic-related diseases due to its genetic similarity to mammals. Genetic mutation, chemical induction, and dietary alteration are among the tools used to improve zebrafish models. This field is expanding, and thus, more effective and efficient techniques are currently developed to fulfil the increasing demand for thorough investigations.

Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus/etiology*; Hyperglycemia/etiology*; Obesity/etiology*; Hypertriglyceridemia/etiology*; Metabolic Syndrome X/etiology*

Measurements of erythemal ultraviolet dosage at Penang

Ilyas M, Apandi AB

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):181-3.

PMID: 548725

Matched MeSH terms: Erythema/etiology; Melanoma/etiology

Fulltext Recurrent Nasal Septal Hematoma and Abscess: A Rare Manifestation of Leukemia

Hong CX, Husain S, Wan Hamizan AK, Zahedi FD

Clin Med Res, 2021 Mar;19(1):35-38.

PMID: 33582646 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2020.1552

Nasal septal abscess and hematoma are rare clinical entities. To the best of our knowledge, there have only been 2 cases of nasal septal abscess associated with haematological malignancy reported in the literature. Herein, we present a unique case of recurrent spontaneous nasal septal hematoma and abscess in a patient prior to and after the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. Its rarity in immunocompromised population, clinical presentation, treatment and complications are further discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Abscess/etiology; Hematoma/etiology

Leptospirosis in Malaysia: a common cause of short-term fever

Brown GW, Lee CK, Huxsoll DL, Ng TS, Lim KJ, Wan HS, et al.

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1976 Sep;7(3):380-3.

PMID: 1030842

A study of 1,437 unselected febrile patients in rural Malaysia yielded a diagnosis of leptospirosis in 86 (6.0%). The clinical syndrome was mild to moderate in all cases, jaundice was observed in only 2 (2.3%) and no deaths were documented. The diagnosis was not clinically obvious in most cases, and it is apparent that many infections must be going unnoticed at present.

Matched MeSH terms: Fever/etiology*; Headache/etiology; Jaundice/etiology

Fulltext Coronary risk factors in Malaysia: precious little is known, ... still

Yusoff K

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Dec;55(4):399-401.

PMID: 11221149

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/etiology*

The aetiology of dry socket: a review

Awang MN

Int Dent J, 1989 Dec;39(4):236-40.

PMID: 2691403

The aetiology of dry socket continues to be the subject of intense research. Local disturbances of fibrinolytic activity appear to be the most satisfactory explanation for the pathogenesis of this disorder. The factors that are responsible for local changes in fibrinolytic activity are reviewed and evaluated. In the management of this disorder attention should be directed towards the prevention of local changes in fibrinolytic activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Dry Socket/etiology*

Tuberculosis in living related donor renal transplant recipients

Suleiman AB, Musa Z, Morad Z

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1988 Jul;17(3):454-6.

PMID: 3064705

Ten out of 237 patients who underwent renal transplantation between 1975 and October 1986 developed tuberculosis. Most patients presented with vague symptoms, and typical symptoms commonly associated with tuberculosis were not common. Six had positive urine cultures. One patient had positive sputum and urine cultures and one had positive sputum and cerebrospinal fluid cultures for tuberculosis. In this last patient cryptococcus was also cultured from the sputum and CSF. Nine of the 10 patients responded well to antituberculosis therapy and was cured of the infection. The patient with associated cryptococcal infection died 2 months after presentation. Side effects of antituberculous therapy was minimal and easily resolved on stopping the offending drug.

Matched MeSH terms: Cryptococcosis/etiology; Meningitis/etiology; Opportunistic Infections/etiology*; Postoperative Complications/etiology*; Tuberculosis, Meningeal/etiology; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/etiology*; Tuberculosis, Renal/etiology*

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis secondary to subclinical hyperthyroidism: an uncommon cause of acute muscle paralysis

Payus AO, Liew SL, Tiong N, Mustafa N

BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Jun 24;14(6).

PMID: 34167974 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240666

Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis secondary to subclinical hyperthyroidism is an uncommon clinical phenomenon characterised by lower limb paralysis secondary to hypokalaemia in the background of subclinical hyperthyroidism. In this article, we report a patient who presented with progressive lower limb muscle weakness secondary to hypokalaemia that was refractory to potassium replacement therapy. He has no diarrhoea, no reduced appetite and was not taking any medication that can cause potassium wasting. Although he was clinically euthyroid, his thyroid function test revealed subclinical hyperthyroidism. His 24-hour urine potassium level was normal, which makes a rapid transcellular shift of potassium secondary to subclinical hyperthyroidism as the possible cause. He was successfully treated with potassium supplements, non-selective beta-blockers and anti-thyroid medication. This case report aimed to share an uncommon case of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis secondary to subclinical hyperthyroidism, which to our knowledge, only a few has been reported in the literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Paralysis/etiology

A study of the etiology of gynaecological disease in a group of nuns

Boyd ME

Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):121-3.

PMID: 4244136

Matched MeSH terms: Genital Diseases, Female/etiology*

Viral encephalitides

Marchette NJ

Med J Malaya, 1966 Sep;21(1):79-83.

PMID: 4224883

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis, Arbovirus/etiology*

The life cycle of Trichobilharzia brevis, n. sp., an avian schistosome from Malaya

Basch PF

Z Parasitenkd, 1966;27(3):242-51.

PMID: 5990057

Matched MeSH terms: Dermatitis/etiology

Comment to: Diagnostic Value of Serum Gastrin and Epidermal Growth Factor to the Gastric Ulcer Complicated with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Hayati F, Abdul Rahim MA, Abdul Rahim SSS

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2021 Dec;31(12):1522-1523.

PMID: 34794305 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2021.12.1522

Null.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology

Prevalence of seizures in brain tumor: A meta-analysis

Audrey C, Lim KS, Ahmad Zaki R, Fong SL, Chan CY, Sathis Kumar T, et al.

Epilepsy Res, 2022 Nov;187:107033.

PMID: 36274423 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107033

OBJECTIVES: Prevalence of seizures in brain tumors vary substantially between studies even with similar histopathological types. We aimed to identify the seizure prevalence of the commonest types of brain tumors.

METHODS: Systematic computerized search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were performed. The meta-analysis of pooled prevalence and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for tumor-related seizures were calculated by using a random effect model. Based on the 2014 epilepsy definition, a mean seizure prevalence of 60 % is used to indicate high seizure prevalence in this study.

RESULTS: 74 studies that reported seizure prevalence with 23,116 patients were included in this meta-analysis. These tumors has higher seizure incidence rate (at least 60 %) with pooled prevalence of 63 % for adult with low-grade astrocytoma (95 % CI: 57-68 %), 65 % for oligodendroglioma (95% CI: 57-72 %), 72 % for oligoastrocytoma (95 % CI: 67-77 %), 81 % for ganglioglioma (95 % CI: 66-97 %) and 94 % for DNET (94 % CI: 83-100 %).

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the type of brain tumors that carry a high seizure prevalence. Screening for subtle seizures and early management of seizures may be beneficial in patients with low-grade astrocytoma (adult), oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma, ganglioglioma or DNET brain tumor.

Matched MeSH terms: Seizures/etiology

Predictors of early death risk among untransplanted patients with combined immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity: A multicenter report

Al-Herz W, Ziyab AH, Adeli M, Al Farsi T, Al-Hammadi S, Al Kuwaiti AA, et al.

Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 2022 Dec;33(12):e13901.

PMID: 36564872 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13901

BACKGROUND: There is an increased demand for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) to treat various diseases including combined immunodeficiencies (CID), with limited worldwide availability. Variables affecting the decision regarding CID patients' prioritization for HSCT are not known. We aimed to determine general, clinical, and immunologic factors associated with the higher risk of early death (≤6 months after diagnosis) in untransplanted CID patients.

METHODS: Data collection was done retrospectively from five centers and included general patients' information, and clinical and laboratory variables. Inclusion criteria were untransplanted patients who are either dead or alive with a follow-up period ≥6 months after diagnosis.

RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-six CID patients were reported by participating centers, of whom 111 were included in the study with a cumulative follow-up period of 278.6 years. Seventy-two patients died with the median age of death of 10.5 months. 35.1% of the patients succumbed within 6 months after the diagnosis. Having a history of Candida infections, sepsis or hepatomegaly was associated with an increased risk of early death. None of the other general or clinical variables was associated with such risk. Bivariate analysis of lymphocyte subsets showed that patients with the following counts: CD3+

Matched MeSH terms: Hepatomegaly/etiology

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