MyMedR

Fulltext A Hybrid Lightweight System for Early Attack Detection in the IoMT Fog

Hameed SS, Selamat A, Abdul Latiff L, Razak SA, Krejcar O, Fujita H, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2021 Dec 11;21(24).

Cyber-attack detection via on-gadget embedded models and cloud systems are widely used for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The former has a limited computation ability, whereas the latter has a long detection time. Fog-based attack detection is alternatively used to overcome these problems. However, the current fog-based systems cannot handle the ever-increasing IoMT's big data. Moreover, they are not lightweight and are designed for network attack detection only. In this work, a hybrid (for host and network) lightweight system is proposed for early attack detection in the IoMT fog. In an adaptive online setting, six different incremental classifiers were implemented, namely a novel Weighted Hoeffding Tree Ensemble (WHTE), Incremental K-Nearest Neighbors (IKNN), Incremental Naïve Bayes (INB), Hoeffding Tree Majority Class (HTMC), Hoeffding Tree Naïve Bayes (HTNB), and Hoeffding Tree Naïve Bayes Adaptive (HTNBA). The system was benchmarked with seven heterogeneous sensors and a NetFlow data infected with nine types of recent attack. The results showed that the proposed system worked well on the lightweight fog devices with ~100% accuracy, a low detection time, and a low memory usage of less than 6 MiB. The single-criteria comparative analysis showed that the WHTE ensemble was more accurate and was less sensitive to the concept drift.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Schizophrenia - early diagnosis

Dass D

Family Practitioner, 1975;2:13-14.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: A combined method using deep learning and neuro-fuzzy techniques

Nilashi M, Abumalloh RA, Yusuf SYM, Thi HH, Alsulami M, Abosaq H, et al.

Comput Biol Chem, 2023 Feb;102:107788.

PMID: 36410240 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107788

Predicting Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in Total- UPDRS and Motor-UPDRS clinical scales is an important part of controlling PD. Computational intelligence approaches have been used effectively in the early diagnosis of PD by predicting UPDRS. In this research, we target to present a combined approach for PD diagnosis using an ensemble learning approach with the ability of online learning from clinical large datasets. The method is developed using Deep Belief Network (DBN) and Neuro-Fuzzy approaches. A clustering approach, Expectation-Maximization (EM), is used to handle large datasets. The Principle Component Analysis (PCA) technique is employed for noise removal from the data. The UPDRS prediction models are constructed for PD diagnosis. To handle the missing data, K-NN is used in the proposed method. We use incremental machine learning approaches to improve the efficiency of the proposed method. We assess our approach on a real-world PD dataset and the findings are assessed compared to other PD diagnosis approaches developed by machine learning techniques. The findings revealed that the approach can improve the UPDRS prediction accuracy and the time complexity of previous methods in handling large datasets.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with lung metastasis

Nor Kamaruzaman Esa, Kahairi Abdullah, Shamim Rahman Abdul Rasheed

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2016;11(2):44-48.

MyJurnal

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) is relatively a rare tumour of head and
neck region. Without histopathological confirmation, it appears and behaved as like malignant epithelial tumor of
the head and neck region as will be illustrated in the present case. Cutaneous involvement of the tumor with
distant metastasis has made the prognosis unfavorable. This isolated case of head and neck PC-ALCL was
highlighted as it has a tendency to behave aggressively and early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to avoid poor
survival outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Laparoscopic Wedge Resection in a Late Second Trimester Cornual Pregnancy

Safiee AI, Ghazali WAHW

Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther, 2021 01 30;10(1):47-49.

PMID: 33747774 DOI: 10.4103/GMIT.GMIT_22_19

Cornual pregnancy happens when implantation occurs in the cavity of a rudimentary horn of the uterus, which may or may not be communicating with the uterine cavity. The diagnosis of cornual pregnancy remains challenging, and rupture of a cornual pregnancy usually causes massive bleeding. Early diagnosis and treatment, therefore, are very crucial and key to prevent mortality. Historically, the management of cornual pregnancies included wedge resection through open surgery or even hysterectomy. In this case report, we would like to highlight a case of late second trimester cornual pregnancy, at 19-week and 3-day gestation, which was managed laparoscopically.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Melioidosis: A Retrospective Review of Orthopaedic manifestations

Ahmad, S., Azura, L., Duski, S., MAziz, M.Y.

Malays Orthop J, 2009;3(1):53-55.

MyJurnal

Melioidosis is an infectious disease which is associated with high rate of mortality. We reviewed 33 patients treated in our hospital over a period of 14 months. About half (55%) of these patient presented with one focus of infection while the rest had multifocal infections. 81% require drainage of abscess or arthrotomy. Four patients (12%) died as a result of septicaemia and the rate is lower than those reported in literature. We conclude that mortality of melioidosis can reduce with early diagnosis followed by appropriate and prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Development and validation of pan-Leptospira Taqman qPCR for the detection of Leptospira spp. in clinical specimens

Mohd Ali MR, Mohd Safee AW, Ismail NH, Abu Sapian R, Mat Hussin H, Ismail N, et al.

Mol Cell Probes, 2018 04;38:1-6.

PMID: 29524642 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.03.001

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of leptospirosis is important for ensuring better clinical management and achieving better outcomes. Currently, serological assays suffer from inconsistent performance and are less useful for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. As an alternative, qPCR is more sensitive, specific and able to detect the presence of leptospiral DNA during the acute phase of the infection. Meanwhile, most molecular assays do not detect the non-pathogenic group of Leptospira, even though these groups may also infect humans, although less frequently and less severely.

METHODS: A set of primers and probe targeting rrs genes of 22 Leptospira spp. were designed and evaluated on 31 Leptospira isolates, 41 other organisms and 65 clinical samples from suspected patients.

RESULTS: The developed assay was able to detect as low as 20 fg Leptospira DNA per reaction (equivalent to approximately 4 copies) and showed high specificity against the tested leptospiral strains. No cross amplification was observed with the other organisms. During the evaluation of the confirmed clinical specimens, the developed assay was able to correctly identify all positive samples (n = 10/10). One amplification was observed in a negative sample (n = 1/55). The sequencing of the PCR product of the discordant sample revealed that the sequences were similar to those of L. interrogans and L. kirschneri.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the developed Taqman qPCR assay is sensitive, specific and has potential to be applied in a larger subsequent study.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Paving the way in implementation of SCID newborn screening in developing nations: feasibility study and strategies to move forward in Malaysia

Kumarasamy G, Khairiz K, Chang WL, Aye TT, Ali A

Front Immunol, 2024;15:1400247.

PMID: 38983864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400247

Early diagnosis and effective management of Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), particularly severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), play a crucial role in minimizing associated morbidities and mortality. Newborn screening (NBS) serves as a valuable tool in facilitating these efforts. Timely detection and diagnosis are essential for swiftly implementing isolation measures and ensuring prompt referral for definitive treatment, such as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The utilization of comprehensive protocols and screening assays, including T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC), is essential in facilitating early diagnosis of SCID and other PIDs, but their successful application requires clinical expertise and proper implementation strategy. Unfortunately, a notable challenge arises from insufficient funding for the treatment of PIDs. To address these issues, a collaborative approach is imperative, involving advancements in technology, a well-functioning healthcare system, and active engagement from stakeholders. The integration of these elements is essential for overcoming the existing challenges in NBS for PIDs. By fostering synergy between technology providers, healthcare professionals, and governmental stakeholders, we can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of early diagnosis and intervention, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals with PIDs.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Bilateral subtentorial empyema complicated with nosocomial acinectobacter ventriculitis: a case report

Sim SK, Ch'ng CH, Tan YC, Kandasamy R, Abdullah JM

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Apr;69(2):86-8.

PMID: 25241818 MyJurnal

Subtentorial subdural empyema is a rare and life threatening intracranial suppuration. It is usually an intracranial complication of otogenic infections. Early diagnosis and surgical drainage are the most important factors determining prognosis. The high mortality reported in the literature reflects the severity of subtentorial subdural empyema if proper management is delayed. Intracranial infections usually require between 4 to 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics therapy. However, the prolonged duration of hospitalization as well as requirement for neurosurgically inserted indwelling devices may predispose these patients to new nosocomial infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Emergency lung-sparing surgical repair of a complete transection of the right mainstem bronchus due to blunt chest trauma

Sachithanandan A, Tan YS, Abdul Muis J, Rapi AR, Mohd Arif MN, Badmanaban B, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Apr;69(2):92-4.

PMID: 25241820 MyJurnal

Traumatic chest injury with complete tracheo- bronchial disruption is uncommon and occurs in approximately 1% of motor vehicle accidents (MVA) (1,2). Such injuries carry a high mortality and patients rarely survive transfer to hospital. A high index of suspicion facilitates early diagnosis. Early operative intervention is vital for survival. We describe a rare case of traumatic complete disruption of the right mainstem bronchus (RMB) due to blunt chest trauma. The transected airway was reanastomosed emergently avoiding a lung resection.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele with colpocephaly: case report and clinical review

Bhattacharjee A, Chakraborty A, Purkaystha P

J Laryngol Otol, 2008 Mar;122(3):321-3.

PMID: 17666141

Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele is a rare congenital disease in which an intracranial mass protrudes through a midline defect from the anterior cranial fossa into the facial skeleton. The condition affects patients in South East Asian countries, such as Thailand, Burma, Malaysia and Indonesia, with frequency of 1 in 5000. The pathogenesis of encephalocoeles may be regarded as a 'late' neurulation defect during the fourth gestational week. We present a case of frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele with corpus callosal agenesis and colpocephaly; this may well be the first report of this combination. The patient had a bulging mass in the middle frontonasal area, with broadening of the nasal bridge and hypertelorism. Computed tomography scans delineated the skull defect and associated brain anomalies. A one-stage, combined transfacial-transcranial approach, correctional procedure was performed. We present here a discussion of the findings, with special reference to the condition's pathogenesis, morphological classification and evolving surgical treatments. Early diagnosis and referral, involving multidisciplinary teamwork, are of paramount importance because of the distorting influence of the extruding mass on facial growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Molecular imaging: spawning a new melting-pot for biomedical imaging

Abdullah B

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Oct;2(4):e28.

PMID: 21614327 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.4.e28

Predicting the future is a dangerous undertaking at best, and not meant for the faint-hearted. However, viewing the advances in molecular medicine, genomics and proteomics, it is easy to comprehend those who believe that molecular imaging methods will open up new vistas for medical imaging. The knock on effect will impact our capacity to diagnose and treat diseases. Anatomically detectable abnormalities, which have historically been the basis of the practice of radiology, will soon be replaced by molecular imaging methods that will reflect the under expression or over expression of certain genes which occur in almost every disease. Molecular imaging can then be resorted to so that early diagnosis and characterisation of disease can offer improved specificity. Given the growing importance of molecular medicine, imagers will find it profitable to educate themselves on molecular targeting, molecular therapeutics and the role of imaging in both areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Isolated fallopian tube torsion in prepubertal females

Gupta A, Thida W, Nazir B, Yeo CS, Low Y, Ong CL

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Aug;70(4):259-62.

PMID: 26358026

Isolated fallopian tube torsion is an uncommon diagnosis. It is particularly rare in the paediatric and post-menopausal age groups. It lacks pathognomonic symptoms, signs and imaging findings, yet each of these diagnostic steps plays a crucial role in early diagnosis. We describe two cases of isolated fallopian tube torsion in prepubertal females.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Chronic tibial osteomyelitis in children. A case review at hospital tengku ampuan afzan, kuantan

Shukrimi A, Ariff MS, Zamzuri Z, Mai Ashikin NT

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Feb;70(1):48-51.

PMID: 26032532 MyJurnal

Osteomyelitis in children has various clinical manifestations causing diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Inappropriate treatment of acute osteomyelitis may lead to chronic, serious and complicated condition. Chronic osteomyelitis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and disability in children living in developing countries. We present three cases of tibial osteomyelitis that have different presentations and sequalae. Our intention is to alert our colleagues, particularly primary physicians, regarding the variety of presentation and the important of early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the risk of morbidity following osteomyelitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis and Severity Assessment Using Ground Reaction Forces and Neural Networks

Veeraragavan S, Gopalai AA, Gouwanda D, Ahmad SA

Front Physiol, 2020;11:587057.

PMID: 33240106 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.587057

Gait analysis plays a key role in the diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (PD), as patients generally exhibit abnormal gait patterns compared to healthy controls. Current diagnosis and severity assessment procedures entail manual visual examinations of motor tasks, speech, and handwriting, among numerous other tests, which can vary between clinicians based on their expertise and visual observation of gait tasks. Automating gait differentiation procedure can serve as a useful tool in early diagnosis and severity assessment of PD and limits the data collection to solely walking gait. In this research, a holistic, non-intrusive method is proposed to diagnose and assess PD severity in its early and moderate stages by using only Vertical Ground Reaction Force (VGRF). From the VGRF data, gait features are extracted and selected to use as training features for the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to diagnose PD using cross validation. If the diagnosis is positive, another ANN model will predict their Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) score to assess their PD severity using the same VGRF data. PD Diagnosis is achieved with a high accuracy of 97.4% using simple network architecture. Additionally, the results indicate a better performance compared to other complex machine learning models that have been researched previously. Severity Assessment is also performed on the H&Y scale with 87.1% accuracy. The results of this study show that it is plausible to use only VGRF data in diagnosing and assessing early stage Parkinson's Disease, helping patients manage the symptoms earlier and giving them a better quality of life.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Exosomal microRNAs in the development of essential hypertension and its potential as biomarkers

Tan PPS, Hall D, Chilian WM, Chia YC, Mohd Zain S, Lim HM, et al.

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2021 04 01;320(4):H1486-H1497.

PMID: 33577433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00888.2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that are involved in posttranscriptional modifications. These noncoding RNAs are usually ferried by extracellular carriers such as exosomes or other protein and lipid carriers inside a range of body fluids including plasma and urine. Due to their ability to withstand harsh external conditions, exosomal miRNAs possess enormous potential as noninvasive disease biomarkers for, notably hypertension, whereby exosomal miRNAs have been implicated in its pathophysiological processes. More importantly, alterations in the microenvironment as a result of disease progression can induce active and selective loading of miRNAs into exosomes. In this paper, we first review the mechanisms of miRNA loading into exosomes, followed by the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the development of hypertension, and the potentials of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in comparison with other free circulating miRNAs. Finally, challenges and future research surrounding exosomal miRNAs will also be discussed. This review will aid in the understanding of noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hypertension and for probing therapeutic efficacy.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext Management of asthma in adults in primary care

Ban A, Omar A, Chong LY, Lockman H, Ida Zaliza ZA, Ali I, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(3):20-26.

PMID: 30800229 MyJurnal

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway which is often misdiagnosed and undertreated. Early diagnosis and vigilant asthma control are crucial to preventing permanent airway damage, improving quality of life and reducing healthcare burdens. The key approaches to asthma management should include patient empowerment through health education and self-management and, an effective patient-healthcare provider partnership.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext A case series of hereditary congenital cataract

Nurul Faaiqah Jainuddin, Azlindarita Aisyah Mohd Abdullah, Visvaraja Subrayan, Norlina Ramli, Nurliza Khaliddin

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):336-338.

MyJurnal

Congenital cataract is a major cause of preventable blindness in children. It can be either hereditary or non-hereditary. In this case series, we present three cases of congenital cataract with a strong family history. The grandparents
and parents of these patients had cataract diagnosed in late childhood whilst the patients in this case series were
diagnosed with congenital cataract earlier. There was no history of consanguineous marriage in any of the families.
These cases show that, in the presence of a strong family history, a child will present with congenital cataract earlier
in their life. Hence, babies from such families should be screened at birth and at regular intervals within the first
year of life to enable early diagnosis and subsequent surgical intervention to reduce the incidence and burden of
amblyopia.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

An insight into the role of Artificial Intelligence in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Verma RK, Pandey M, Chawla P, Choudhury H, Mayuren J, Bhattamisra SK, et al.

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2021 May 11.

PMID: 33982657 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210512014505

BACKGROUND: The complication of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has made the development of its therapeutic a challenging task. Even after decades of research, we have achieved no more than a few years of symptomatic relief. The inability to diagnose the disease early is the foremost hurdle behind its treatment. Several studies have aimed to identify potential biomarkers that can be detected in body fluids (CSF, blood, urine, etc) or assessed by neuroimaging (i.e., PET and MRI). However, the clinical implementation of these biomarkers is incomplete as they cannot be validated.

METHOD: To overcome the limitation, the use of artificial intelligence along with technical tools has been extensively investigated for AD diagnosis. For developing a promising artificial intelligence strategy that can diagnose AD early, it is critical to supervise neuropsychological outcomes and imaging-based readouts with a proper clinical review.

CONCLUSION: Profound knowledge, a large data pool, and detailed investigations are required for the successful implementation of this tool. This review will enlighten various aspects of early diagnosis of AD using artificial intelligence.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

Fulltext WHO 2009 guidelines for anti-retroviral therapy: its implication for primary care physician

Koh KC

Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(2):77-82.

PMID: 25606192 MyJurnal

Careful drug history should be elicited from HIV infected patient on ART by the attending primary care physician in order to avoid potential adverse effects from drug-drug interactions. In conclusion, primary care physicians have a significant role in early diagnosis of HIV infected people, ensuring wider access to early ART, ensuring the welfare of health care workers attending to possible HIV positive patients and safe long term follow up of HIV positive patients needing medications for non-HIV related ailments.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Diagnosis

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