METHODS: This is a single-center, cross-sectional study using in-patient data maintained by the Case-Mix Unit of a teaching hospital in Malaysia from 2016 to 2017. The study included all patients with International Classification of Disease (ICD) code 164 (stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarct). The significance of association was determined using nonparametric tests in the form of the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
RESULTS: A total of 162 stroke patients from 2016 to 2017 from Case-Mix database were included in the study. The age ranged from 31 to 97 years old. The minimum and maximum LOS for patients with stroke ranged from 1 to 17 days. The severity of illness was found to be significantly associated with longer LOS (p < 0.001); however, age, sex, and presence of co-morbidities did not show any significant association.
CONCLUSION: Despite its limitations, this study is an essential first step to examine the characteristics of patients with stroke and to determine the factors associated with LOS.
METHODS: All patient safety incidents reported in the e-Incident-Reporting System from January to December 2019 were included in the study. A descriptive study was used to describe the characteristics of incidents, and logistic models were used to identify factors associated with low reporting rates and severe harm or death outcomes of incidents.
RESULTS: There were 9431 patient safety incidents reported in the system in 2019. The mean reporting rate was 2.1/1000 patient bed-days or 1.5% of hospital admissions. The major category of incidents was drug-related incidents (32.4%). No-harm incidents contributed to 56.1% of all the incidents, while 1.1% resulted in death. More hospitals in the eastern (odds ratio [OR], 12.1) and southern regions (OR, 6.1) had low reporting rates compared to the central region. Incidents with severe harm or death outcomes were associated with more males (OR, 1.4) than females and with the emergency department (OR, 10.6), internal medicine (OR, 5.7), obstetrics and gynecology (OR, 2.4), and surgical department (OR, 5.0) more than the pharmacy department. Compared to drug-related incidents, operation-related (OR, 3.0), procedure-related (OR, 3.5), and therapeutic-related (OR, 4.8) incidents had significantly more severe harm or death outcomes, and patient falls (OR, 0.4) had less severe harm or death outcomes.
CONCLUSION: The mean reporting rate was 2.1/1000 patient bed-days or 1.5% of hospital admissions. More hospitals in the eastern and southern regions had low reporting rates. Certain categories of incidents had significantly more severe outcomes.