MyMedR

Seeing the wood for the trees: approaches to teaching and assessing clinical pharmacology and therapeutics in a problem-based learning course

Azer SA, Frauman AG

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2008 Mar;37(3):204-9.

PMID: 18392299

For about 50 years, clinical pharmacology and therapeutics have been taught in the medical schools via traditional lectures and practical classes. During this time, significant changes have occurred in our understanding of medicine and basic sciences. Also the needs for our community have changed dramatically. The explosion of scientific discoveries, the use of new technologies in disease diagnosis, the availability of a wide range of therapeutic options, and the availability of knowledge to everyone via the Internet have necessitated new approaches for teaching medical and other health professional students. Finding information related to a topic has not become a priority in teaching, what has become more important is to teach undergraduate students how to think in addition to what to think. Applying information learnt and assessing its significance in real life situations has become mandatory. The aims of this paper were: (i) to discuss the model we used in introducing clinical pharmacology and therapeutics teaching in the undergraduate course at the University of Melbourne and the educational principles behind the model, and (ii) to discuss the new tools of assessment used in a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate*; Pharmacology, Clinical/education*

Laparoscopic appendicectomy: the ideal procedure for laparoscopic skill training for surgical registrars

Tata MD, Singh R, Bakar AA, Selvindoss P, P K, Gurunathan R

Asian J Surg, 2008 Apr;31(2):55-8.

PMID: 18490215

OBJECTIVE: Appendicectomy is a very common surgical procedure performed by registrars. It is mainly carried out by surgical registrars as an open procedure in many government hospitals. We aimed to evaluate laparoscopic appendicectomy as a laparoscopic training skill in a clinical setting for our registrars.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all attempted laparoscopic appendicectomies over 12 months by experienced surgeons and registrars was done. Factors evaluated were operating time, conversion rate, postoperative hospital stay, morbidity and mortality.

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in operating time for surgeons and registrars (mean, 53 minutes vs. 60 minutes), conversion rate (10% vs. 11%). Mean hospital stay for patients operated on by surgeons was 3.1 days and 3.2 days for registrars. Morbidity was equal with both surgeons and registrars.

CONCLUSION: We conclude that laparoscopic appendicectomy is a safe laparoscopic training tool for registrars with basic laparoscopic knowledge who have had a proper apprenticeship, and can be done in a clinical setting.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Graduate*; General Surgery/education

Evaluation of basic science knowledge retention in clinical teaching

Vadivelu J

Med Educ, 2008 May;42(5):520-1.

PMID: 18412895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03047.x

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods*; Science/education*

Fulltext Notes for the primary care teacher: teaching in the family practice clinics

Kwa SK, Yong Rafidah A

Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(2):101-3.

PMID: 25606127

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

Fulltext Notes for the primary care teachers: The effective teacher

Khoo EM, Teoh KS

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(3):123-4.

PMID: 25606099

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

Fulltext Notes for primary care teachers: teaching methods used in primary care

Khoo EM

Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(1):42-4.

PMID: 25606111

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

Fulltext Notes for primary care teachers: Self-directed learning: What it is, and how to promote it

Nurjahan MI

Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(1):45-50.

PMID: 25606112

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

What is the ultimate goal in acid-base regulation?

Balakrishnan S, Gopalakrishnan M, Alagesan M, Prakash ES

Adv Physiol Educ, 2007 Mar;31(1):51-4.

PMID: 17327583

It is common to see chapters on acid-base physiology state that the goal of acid-base regulatory mechanisms is to maintain the pH of arterial plasma and not arterial Pco(2) (Pa(CO(2))) or plasma HCO(3). A hypothetical situation in which the Pa(CO(2)) of arterial plasma is 80 mmHg and the plasma HCO(3) concentration is 48 mM is presented and analyzed to get over this misconception. As per the modified Henderson equation, the pH of arterial plasma would be 7.4; however, we explain that this may be associated with intracellular acidosis due to intracellular hypercapnia and that derangement of homeostasis is evident from the occurrence of respiratory depression and, eventually, coma in the patient described. This suggests that the ultimate goal of acid-base regulatory mechanisms is not just the maintenance of the pH of arterial plasma but the maintenance of the steady-state pH of intracellular fluid as well.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical/methods*; Physiology/education*

Fulltext Notes for primary care teachers: assessments - the basics

Chan SC

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(2):81-3.

PMID: 25606087

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

Fulltext Notes for the primary care teachers: Teaching doctor-patient communication in family medicine

Abdul Rahman YR

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(3):120-2.

PMID: 25606098

Doctor-patient communication skills are important in family medicine and can be taught and learned. This paper summarises the salient contents and main methods of the teaching and learning of doctor-patient communication, especially those applicable to the discipline.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

Fulltext Notes for the primary care teachers: giving feedback

Khoo S

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(1):27-8.

PMID: 25606074

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

Fulltext Notes for the primary care teachers: What do we hope to achieve in family practice training and how: A brief look at the current trends in medical education

Chan SC

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(1):22-4.

PMID: 25606072

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

Fulltext Notes for the primary care teachers: tips in preparing for a tutorial

Ong I, Leong KC

Malays Fam Physician, 2007;2(1):29-30.

PMID: 25606075

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical

Fulltext Depressive illness--the need for a paradigm shift in its understanding and management

Deva MP

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):4-6.

PMID: 16708727

Depression as a symptom and a disease has been recognized from antiquity. While numerous references to melancholia, illnesses of the heart broken, and delusions of guilt are found in Shakespearean literature, world literature, stories, and dramas the world over, yet the development of modern western medicine has by and large tended to ignore all things psychological in the process of disease recognition and understanding. Even the face of a depressed patient, so obvious to the initiated, is a rarely taught and recognized sign of ill health by non- psychiatrists. The long association of psychiatry with severe psychoses in the minds of medical teachers has dulled the sense of astuteness in the picking up of anxiety and depression. It has also dulled the medical profession into the delusion that mental illnesses do not occur in general hospitals. Thus the fairly large number of mental problems in every day clinical practice remains an area of darkness. In practice, the pick up rate of all mental illnesses in primary care remains very low at less than 5% of all mental illnesses while studies show that about 25% of all primary care patients have significant mental problems that necessitate their attendance in the primary care clinics.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical/standards; Psychiatry/education

Expanding nursing education through e-learning: A case study in Malaysia

Syed-Mohamad SM, Pardi KW, Zainal NA, Ismail Z

Stud Health Technol Inform, 2006;122:186-9.

PMID: 17102245

The School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (SHS) is planning to expand its contribution to produce more graduate nurses by offering a nursing degree through e-learning. After three years of using e-learning by four lecturers in seven nursing courses, we conducted a study to get the lecturers feedback and to compare the students' preference and their actual experiences in e-learning. Lecturers' feedback were collected based on six open-ended questions. Feedback from all the 36 final year nursing students were collected using Constructivist On-line Learning Environment Survey (COLLES)--the Student Experience/Preferred Form. Results show that lecturers and students have positive perception on e-learning. They perceive e-learning as a powerful and effective tool for expanding nursing education to meet the demand for a labour force that is knowledgeable, highly skilled and equipped with positive values. We believe blended learning is the most suitable approach to implement e-learning and social constructivism theory provides the dynamic view of learning. To increase success in e-learning implementation for the nursing programme, lecturers should be educated regarding proper instructional design so that their content delivery blends well with the technology and pedagogy.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Nursing/methods*; Education, Distance*

A midlecture student seminar: an activity to break the monotony

Mohandas Rao KG

Adv Physiol Educ, 2006 Dec;30(4):262-263.

PMID: 17108258

Matched MeSH terms: Anatomy/education*; Education, Medical, Undergraduate*

Fulltext Guidelines on minimum qualification, training and experience of professional personnel working in a pathology laboratory (version 1/2004)

College of Pathologists, Academy of Medicine of Malaysia

Malays J Pathol, 2005 Jun;27(1):57-62.

PMID: 16676695

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Professional/standards*; Pathology/education*

Clinically oriented physiology teaching: strategy for developing critical-thinking skills in undergraduate medical students

Abraham RR, Upadhya S, Torke S, Ramnarayan K

Adv Physiol Educ, 2004 Dec;28(1-4):102-4.

PMID: 15319191

Medicine is an applied science, interpreting evidence and applying it to real life by using clinical reasoning skills and experience. COPT (clinically oriented physiology teaching) was incorporated in physiology instruction aiming to relate the study of physiology to real-life problems, to generate enthusiasm and motivation for learning, and to demonstrate the vocational relevance of physiology among students by integrating clinical experience with teaching. COPT consisted of two elements: 1) critical-thinking questions (CTQ) and 2) clinical case studies. After a few topics were taught, CTQ and case studies were given as an assignment. Answers were discussed in the next class. Two exams, each of which contained CTQ and recall questions, were conducted, one before (exam 1) and one after (exam 2) the implementation of COPT. Analysis of student performance in the examinations revealed that the students did better in exam 2 (P < 0.0001). Feedback from students indicated that this method was useful and challenging.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods*; Educational Measurement; Physiology/education*

Core curriculum and special study modules at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

Malik AS, Malik RH

Educ Health (Abingdon), 2004 Nov;17(3):292-302.

PMID: 15848816

The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), follows a problem-based learning, integrated and community-based curriculum which reflects the specific needs of doctors working in Sarawak. Using paediatrics as an example, this paper describes the process of development of core content (knowledge, procedural and communication skills, attitudes), additional knowledge and special study modules at the FMHS.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods*; Pediatrics/education*

Recognition of medical universities in Ukraine

Babanin AA, Kubyshkin AV

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60 Suppl D:79-83.

PMID: 16315631

The paper presents a general characteristic of the organization of teaching of medicine to foreign students at the Crimean State Medical University. The Crimea State Medical University is a state higher educational establishment having the 4th highest level of state accreditation. The University prepares junior specialists and bachelors in specialties such as nursing, orthopedic dentistry, pharmacy and doctors in general medicine, dentistry and clinical pharmacy. At present there are 1,500 foreign students from 34 countries studying at the university, with more than half are students from Malaysia. The quality of education at CSMU is evaluated by the State accreditation commission an authorized central executive power in the field of education and science. Textbooks and manuals written in English, which have passed expert evaluation at a state level and approved by the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, was given permission to be used by all medical schools of the country.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical/standards*; Foreign Professional Personnel/education*

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