Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 1057 in total

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  1. An unusual cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in a 27-year-old man
    Lim KH, Tan LH, Liam CK, Wong CM
    Chest, 2001 Nov;120(5):1728-31.
    PMID: 11713160
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  2. Neuroblastoma and diagnostic imaging
    Sherazi ZA, Abdullah AW, Malik AS, Saad R
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1993 Sep;22(5):701-6.
    PMID: 8267349
    To assess the utility of the current imaging modalities, a six-year retrospective study was conducted from May 1985 through April 1991 on 11 patients with histopathologically confirmed neuroblastoma. There were four males and seven females. Median age at presentation was six years. All patients underwent intravenous urography (IVU), abdominal ultrasonography (US), skeletal surveys and bone marrow aspiration. Computed tomographic (CT) scanning was performed in nine patients and trephine bone biopsy in five. Suprarenal gland was the primary site in six patients, including one bilateral neuroblastoma. Two presented with primary paraspinal mass, one with posterior mediastinal mass, one had a retroperitoneal tumour and one presented as primary cerebral neuroblastoma. IVU showed indirect evidence of suprarenal tumours in five patients. US demonstrated suprarenal mass in six and calcification within the mass in five patients. US also documented retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in five patients. US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed in seven patients and it gave correct histological diagnosis in all. CT accurately depicted all the primary tumours and their involvement of the surrounding structures and metastases in the brain and orbits. US proved to be quite accurate in diagnosing primary abdominal tumours despite its limitations but in other sites, CT was of greater help. Solid appearance of a suprarenal mass on US made the diagnosis of neuroblastoma very likely and calcification within the mass further supported the diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  3. Huge adrenal haemangioma
    Hisham AN, Samad SA, Sharifah NA
    Australas Radiol, 1998 Aug;42(3):250-1.
    PMID: 9727258
    Adrenal tumours are either functioning or non-functioning. Non-functioning adrenal tumours are generally asymptomatic and usually of enormous proportions at the time of presentation. A case is presented here of a patient with a huge right adrenal haemangioma which was successfully treated surgically. This unusual tumour was 25 cm in diameter, was well encapsulated and weighed 4 kg. The literature pertaining to this interesting case is reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  4. Pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery associated with melioidosis
    Noordin K, Abdullah MM, Natarajan C, Wahab YA, Abdullah K
    Br J Urol, 1995 May;75(5):680-1.
    PMID: 7613814
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  5. Prenatal diagnosis of a posterior fossa cyst
    Raman S, Rachagan SP, Lim CT
    J Clin Ultrasound, 1991 Sep;19(7):434-7.
    PMID: 1658071
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  6. Posterolateral extradural approach for total excision of lateral thoracic meningocele: technical report
    Chee CP
    Neurosurgery, 1987 Nov;21(5):749-51.
    PMID: 3696416
    The author describes a posterolateral extradural approach for total excision of small to moderate symptomatic lateral thoracic meningoceles. Its advantages over the classical laminectomy, intradural repair, and thoracotomy excision are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  7. Pseudo bilateral tonsilloliths: a case report and review of the literature
    Ram S, Siar CH, Ismail SM, Prepageran N
    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 2004 Jul;98(1):110-4.
    PMID: 15243480
    Tonsilloliths are very rare concretions found in the tonsillar crypt. They are usually single and unilateral, but occasionally may be multiple or bilateral. Small concretions in the tonsils are common, but well formed giant unilateral or bilateral tonsilloliths are extremely uncommon. Only two cases of bilateral tonsilloliths have so far been reported in the literature. A case of unilateral tonsillolith, mimicking bilateral tonsilloliths taken with the orthopantogram (OPT) in a 57-year-old Malaysian Indian female with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is described. Although the OPT is a reliable and standard panoramic X-ray unit used in dentistry, superimposition of a lesion involving one side of the jaw creates a pseudo or ghost image on the contralateral side leading to a misdiagnosis of bilateral lesions. This report highlights that tonsilloliths, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiopaque masses involving the mandibular ramus, and that investigations such as CT scan or MRI may be required to differentiate pseudo or ghost images from true bilateral pathologies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  8. Fulltext Radiological assessment of cervical lateral mass screw angulations in Asian patients
    Sureisen M, Saw LB, Wei Chan CY, Singh DA, Kwan MK
    Indian J Orthop, 2011 Nov;45(6):504-7.
    PMID: 22144742 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.87118
    BACKGROUND: Various lateral mass screw fixation methods have been described in the literature with various levels of safety in relation to the anterior neurovascular structures. This study was designed to radiologically determine the minimum lateral angulations of the screw to avoid penetration of the vertebral artery canalusing three of the most common techniques: Roy-Camille, An, and Magerl.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty normal cervical CT scans were reviewed. A minimum lateral angulation of a 3.5 mm lateral mass screw which was required to avoid penetration of the vertebral artery canal at each level of vertebra were measured.

    RESULTS: The mean lateral angulations of the lateral mass screws (with 95% confidence interval) to avoid vertebral artery canal penetration, in relation to the starting point at the midpoint (Roy-Camille), 1 mm medial (An), and 2 mm medial (Magerl) to the midpoint of lateral mass were 6.8° (range, 6.3-7.4°), 10.3° (range, 9.8-10.8°), and 14.1° (range, 13.6-14.6°) at C3 vertebrae; 6.8° (range, 6.2-7.5°), 10.7° (range, 10.0-11.5°), and 14.1° (range, 13.4-14.8°) at C4 vertebrae; 6.6° (range, 6.0-7.2°), 10.1° (range, 9.3-10.8°), and 13.5° (range, 12.8-14.3°) at C5 vertebrae and 7.6° (range, 6.9-8.3°), 10.9° (range, 10.3-11.6°), and 14.3° (range, 13.7-15.0°) at C6 vertebrae. The recommended lateral angulations for Roy-Camille, Magerl, and An are 10°, 25°,and 30°, respectively. Statistically, there is a higher risk of vertebral foramen violation with the Roy-Camille technique at C3, C4 and C6 levels, P < 0.05.

    CONCLUSIONS: Magerl and An techniques have a wide margin of safety. Caution should be practised with Roy-Camille's technique at C3, C4, and C6 levels to avoid vertebral vessels injury in Asian population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  9. Thoracic sarcoma case series in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Yurkdes AS, Narasimman S
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Jun;74(3):237-239.
    PMID: 31256182
    Thoracic sarcomas (TS) are rare neoplasms that may present with non-specific pulmonary symptoms. Chest radiographs and computed tomography of the thorax are the investigations of choice, while pre-operative minimally invasive biopsies may not be entirely helpful with the diagnosis. The commonly identified variants of thoracic sarcomas include liposarcomas, leiomyosarcomas and synovial sarcomas. Complete excision of the tumour with clear margins remain the sole definite form of management and there is limited role with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the present case series, we explore our experience with three patients who presented with TS and the management decisions that was made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  10. Scrotal emergencies: An imaging perspective
    Ong CYG, Low HM, Chinchure D
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 12;73(6):445-451.
    PMID: 30647231
    Acute scrotal pain is a common complaint in emergency or primary care practice. A myriad of pathologies need to be considered, and while the clinical history often leads the clinician to the correct diagnosis, radiologists are often called upon to provide further diagnostic information through ultrasonography. Here, we present the sonographic features of various scrotal emergencies, as well as a few pitfalls. Through this, we explore the breadth of urgent pathologies that may be encountered, both traumatic and non-traumatic. For the clinician who performs point-of-care ultrasound, whether in clinic or in the emergency department, we hope that this pictorial article will lay a good foundation for confident and accurate image interpretation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  11. Fulltext Novel technique using amplatzer AVP I stent in management for giant renal artery pseudoaneurysm
    Sarmukh S, Putera MP, Tan KL, Chew LG
    Urol Case Rep, 2021 Mar;35:101515.
    PMID: 33318942 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101515
    Renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) is an uncommon vascular lesion. Early detection and treatment of renal artery pseudoaneurysm is important because it can rupture and lead to life-threatening hemorrhage. Recent advances in endovascular interventions can prevent potentially challenging open surgery. We describe a case 66 year old patient who presented with a painful abdominal lumbar mass. CT scan show a giant renal artery pseudoaneurysm. We discuss management of giant renal artery pseudoaneurysm, both open surgery and endovascular surgery. Endovascular arterial embolization and stent techniques is feasible. However, open surgical treatment remains to be most effective and radical method in emergency setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  12. Oesophageal hepatoid carcinoma with liver metastasis, a diagnostic dilemma
    Yahaya A, Wa Kammal WS, Abd Shukor N, Osman SS
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Apr;41(1):59-63.
    PMID: 31025640
    Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing carcinoma which microscopically mimics hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare entity known as hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HC). They usually arise in the stomach, while oesophageal origin is only occasionally encountered. This tumour is highly aggressive and is associated with a poor prognosis. They frequently metastasise to the liver, thus giving rise to diagnostic difficulty, especially in cases where simultaneous oesophageal and liver mass are present. We reported a case of oesophageal hepatoid carcinoma with multiple liver metastasis, that was associated with an increased serum AFP. The distinction between HCC and HC is important because HC is more aggressive and has a poorer prognosis with limited therapeutic options. An extensive diagnostic work-up which include a thorough clinical history, radiological investigations (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) as well as tissue biopsy supported by a panel of immunohistochemical markers are necessary to aid in the diagnosis of HC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  13. Fulltext Proboscis lateralis: a case report of nasal aplasia with complete agenesis of maxilary and ethmoidal sinuses
    Shamim R., Yahia F.H., Wan Islah L., Raman R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(2):125-128.
    MyJurnal
    We report a child with Proboscis Lateralis with nasal aplasia and complete agenesis of maxillary and
    ethmoidal sinuses. This is a rare congenital malformation. Embryological basis has not been proven, and it is often associated with facial malformation. However, no such abnormality was noted in our patient. This condition is diagnosed clinically and confirmed radiologically of which CT scan plays a pivotal role. Reconstructive surgery is planned at the age of fifteen years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  14. Quantitative and qualitative comparison of low- and high-cost 3D-printed heart models
    Lau I, Wong YH, Yeong CH, Abdul Aziz YF, Md Sari NA, Hashim SA, et al.
    Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2019 Jan;9(1):107-114.
    PMID: 30788252 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.01.02
    Current visualization techniques of complex congenital heart disease (CHD) are unable to provide comprehensive visualization of the anomalous cardiac anatomy as the medical datasets can essentially only be viewed from a flat, two-dimensional (2D) screen. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has therefore been used to replicate patient-specific hearts in 3D views based on medical imaging datasets. This technique has been shown to have a positive impact on the preoperative planning of corrective surgery, patient-doctor communication, and the learning experience of medical students. However, 3D printing is often costly, and this impedes the routine application of this technology in clinical practice. This technical note aims to investigate whether reducing 3D printing costs can have any impact on the clinical value of the 3D-printed heart models. Low-cost and a high-cost 3D-printed models based on a selected case of CHD were generated with materials of differing cost. Quantitative assessment of dimensional accuracy of the cardiac anatomy and pathology was compared between the 3D-printed models and the original cardiac computed tomography (CT) images with excellent correlation (r=0.99). Qualitative evaluation of model usefulness showed no difference between the two models in medical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  15. Fulltext Comparison of diametric and volumetric changes in Stanford type B aortic dissection patients in assessing aortic remodeling post-stent graft treatment
    Wan Ab Naim WN, Sun Z, Liew YM, Chan BT, Jansen S, Lei J, et al.
    Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2021 May;11(5):1723-1736.
    PMID: 33936960 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-814
    Background: The study aims to analyze the correlation between the maximal diameter (both axial and orthogonal) and volume changes in the true (TL) and false lumens (FL) after stent-grafting for Stanford type B aortic dissection.

    Method: Computed tomography angiography was performed on 13 type B aortic dissection patients before and after procedure, and at 6 and 12 months follow-up. The lumens were divided into three regions: the stented area (Region 1), distal to the stent graft to the celiac artery (Region 2), and between the celiac artery and the iliac bifurcation (Region 3). Changes in aortic morphology were quantified by the increase or decrease of diametric and volumetric percentages from baseline measurements.

    Results: At Region 1, the TL diameter and volume increased (pre-treatment: volume =51.4±41.9 mL, maximal axial diameter =22.4±6.8 mm, maximal orthogonal diameter =21.6±7.2 mm; follow-up: volume =130.7±69.2 mL, maximal axial diameter =40.1±8.1 mm, maximal orthogonal diameter =31.9+2.6 mm, P<0.05 for all comparisons), while FL decreased (pre-treatment: volume =129.6±150.5 mL; maximal axial diameter =43.0±15.8 mm; maximal orthogonal diameter =28.3±12.6 mm; follow-up: volume =66.6±95.0 mL, maximal axial diameter =24.5±19.9 mm, maximal orthogonal diameter =16.9±13.7, P<0.05 for all comparisons). Due to the uniformity in size throughout the vessel, high concordance was observed between diametric and volumetric measurements in the stented region with 93% and 92% between maximal axial diameter and volume for the true/false lumens, and 90% and 92% between maximal orthogonal diameter and volume for the true/false lumens. Large discrepancies were observed between the different measurement methods at regions distal to the stent graft, with up to 46% differences between maximal orthogonal diameter and volume.

    Conclusions: Volume measurement was shown to be a much more sensitive indicator in identifying lumen expansion/shrinkage at the distal stented region.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  16. The clinical anatomy of accessory mandibular canal in dentistry
    Ngeow WC, Chai WL
    Clin Anat, 2020 Nov;33(8):1214-1227.
    PMID: 31943382 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23567
    The mandibular canal is a conduit that allows the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle to transverse the mandible to supply the dentition, jawbone and soft tissue around the gingiva and the lower lip. It is not a single canal but an anatomical structure with multiple branches and variations. The branches are termed accessory, bifid or trifid canals depending on their number and configuration. A bifid mandibular canal is an anatomical variation reported more commonly than the trifid variant. Because of these variations, it is of the utmost importance to determine the exact location of the mandibular canal and to identify any branches arising from it prior to performing surgery in the mandible. This article reviews the prevalence, classification and morphometric measurements of these accessory mandibular canals, emphasizing their clinical significance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  17. Fulltext ‘Sub-superscan’ in bone scan – an important feature of extensive bone metastases
    Khadijah Abdul Hamid, Mohammad Nazri Md Shah
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(102):75-77.
    MyJurnal
    A Superscan is described as a ‘beautiful bone scan’. In a superscan, the uptake of 99mTc-Methelene Diphosphonate (MDP) is prominent in the skeleton relative to soft tissue with absent or faint visualisation of the kidneys. This finding could be misinterpreted as a normal bone scan. A ‘Sub-superscan’ is a term used for scan findings in which the up- take is atypical of a superscan, but the patient has extensive bone metastases, as presented in our case report.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  18. Fulltext Novel role of focused airway ultrasound in early airway assessment of suspected laryngeal trauma
    Adi O, Sum KM, Ahmad AH, Wahab MA, Neri L, Panebianco N
    Ultrasound J, 2020 Aug 12;12(1):37.
    PMID: 32783133 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-020-00186-3
    BACKGROUND: Upper airway injury secondary to blunt neck trauma can lead to upper airway obstruction and potentially cause a life-threatening condition. The most important aspect in the care of laryngeal trauma is to establish a secure airway. Focused airway ultrasound enables recognition of important upper airway structures, offers early opportunity to identify life-threatening upper airway injury, and allows assessment of the extent of injury. This information that can be obtained rapidly at the bedside has the potential to facilitate rapid intervention.

    CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case series that illustrate the diagnostic value of focused airway ultrasound in the diagnosis of laryngeal trauma in patients presenting with blunt neck injury.

    CONCLUSION: Early recognition, appropriate triaging, accurate airway evaluation, and prompt management of such injuries are essential. In this case series, we introduce the potential role of focused airway ultrasound in suspected laryngeal trauma, and the correlation of these exam findings with that of computed tomography (CT) scanning, based on the Schaefer classification of laryngeal injury.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  19. Significance of Nasal Septum Angulation and Its Association with Rhinosinusitis Symptom Scores
    Lazim NM, Abdullah AM, Abdullah B, Ismail ZIM
    Medeni Med J, 2019;34(4):333-339.
    PMID: 32821458 DOI: 10.5222/MMJ.2019.25986
    Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association of angulation of nasal septum with the severity of rhinosinusitis as measured by symptom score and Visual Analog Score (VAS).

    Method: The study was performed as a cross sectional study conducted at two different centres in Malaysia. Ninety-eight patients who were diagnosed with rhinosinusitis and fulfilled the selection criteria were assessed as for the symptom score and VAS and the measurement of angulation of nasal septum was performed through a coronal view of CT paranasal sinuses in bone window setting at osteomeatal complex level.

    Results: The result obtained from one-way ANOVA test revealed a significant association between category of severity of septal angulation and the symptom score of rhinosinusitis (p=0.025). In addition, the result obtained from one-way ANOVA test also revealed a significant association between category of severity of septal angulation and the VAS of rhinosinusitis (p<0.05).

    Conclusion: Severity of nasal septum angulation may be significantly associated with severity of rhinosinusitis based on symptom score and VAS. These findings could be used in tailored management of patient with rhinosinusitis especially during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  20. Fulltext Narrowband Array Processing Beamforming Technique for Electrical Impedance Tomography
    Chitturi V, Farrukh N
    J Electr Bioimpedance, 2019 Jan;10(1):96-102.
    PMID: 33584889 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2019-0014
    Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has a large potential as a two dimensional imaging technique and is gaining attention among researchers across various fields of engineering. Beamforming techniques stem from the array signal processing field and is used for spatial filtering of array data to evaluate the location of objects. In this work the circular electrodes are treated as an array of sensors and beamforming technique is used to localize the object(s) in an electrical field. The conductivity distributions within a test tank is obtained by an EIT system in terms of electrode voltages. These voltages are then interpolated using elliptic partial differential equations. Finally, a narrowband beamformer detects the peak in the output response signal to localize the test object(s). Test results show that the beamforming technique can be used as a secondary method that may provide complementary information about accurate position of the test object(s) using an eight electrode EIT system. This method could possibly open new avenues for spatial EIT data filtering techniques with an understanding that the inverse problem is more likely considered here as a source localization algorithm instead as an image reconstruction algorithm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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