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Fulltext The Saffold Virus-Penang 2B and 3C Proteins, but not the L Protein, Induce Apoptosis in HEp-2 and Vero Cells

Xu Y, Victorio CBL, Meng T, Jia Q, Tan YJ, Chua KB

Virol Sin, 2019 Jun;34(3):262-269.
PMID: 31016480 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00116-1

Our previous work has shown that Saffold virus (SAFV) induced several rodent and primate cell lines to undergo apoptosis (Xu et al. in Emerg Microb Infect 3:1-8, 2014), but the essential viral proteins of SAFV involved in apoptotic activity lack study. In this study, we individually transfected the viral proteins of SAFV into HEp-2 and Vero cells to assess their ability to induce apoptosis, and found that the 2B and 3C proteins are proapoptotic. Further investigation indicated the transmembrane domain of the 2B protein is essential for the apoptotic activity and tetramer formation of the 2B protein. Our research provides clues for the possible mechanisms of apoptosis induced by SAFV in different cell lines. It also opens up new directions to study viral proteins (the 2B, 3C protein), and sets the stage for future exploration of any possible link between SAFV, inclusive of its related uncultivable genotypes, and multiple sclerosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
Cytotoxic constituent of Melicope latifolia (DC.) T. G. Hartley

Lim PC, Ali Z, Khan IA, Khan SI, Kassim NK, Awang K, et al.

Nat Prod Res, 2021 Feb 12.
PMID: 33576269 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1885031

An undescribed conjugated sesquiterpene, amelicarin (1), together with nine known compounds (2-10) were isolated for the first time from Melicope latifolia. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods. The conjugated sesquiterpene possesses a unique 6/6/9/4-ring fused tetracyclic skeleton. The proposed biosynthesis pathway of 1 consist of three reactions steps: (1) polyketide formation, (2) cyclisation and (3) addition to form the conjugated sesquiterpenoid as final metabolite. Out of the ten isolated metabolites, amelicarin (1) showed activity against 4 cancerous cell lines namely SK-MEL skin cancer, KB oral cancer, BT-549 breast cancer, and SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer with IC50 values between 15 and 25 µg/mL.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Fulltext Synthesis and Characterization of Diosgenin Encapsulated Poly-ε-Caprolactone-Pluronic Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Brain Cancer Cells

Rabha B, Bharadwaj KK, Baishya D, Sarkar T, Edinur HA, Pati S

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Apr 18;13(8).
PMID: 33919483 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081322

Diosgenin encapsulated PCL-Pluronic nanoparticles (PCL-F68-D-NPs) were developed using the nanoprecipitation method to improve performance in brain cancer (glioblastoma) therapy. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS)/Zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency, and yield were calculated. The in vitro release rate was determined, and the kinetic model of diosgenin release was plotted and ascertained. The cytotoxicity was checked by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)assay against U87-MG cells (glioblastoma cell lines). The obtained nanoparticles demonstrated good size distribution, stability, morphology, chemical, and mechanical properties. The nanoparticles also possessed high encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency, and yield. The release rate of Diosgenin was shown in a sustained manner. The in vitro cytotoxicity of PCL-F68-D-NPs showed higher toxicity against U87-MG cells than free Diosgenin.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Fulltext Cytotoxicity of leukemic cells by nypa fruticans through regulation of adiponectin expression

Mohammad Fauzan Zainudin, Ummu Afifah Fadzir, Athirah Rosdi, Muhammad Farid Johan, Ridzwan Hashim, Ridhwan Abdul Wahab, et al.

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(2):28-43.
MyJurnal

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common leukemia subtypes among paediatrics in Malaysia. Although treatment options are available but some patients remain incurable, some undergo relapse and many experiences adverse effects by the conventional therapies. Thus, we aim to investigate possible treatment alternative by studying the antileukemogenesis properties of concentrated Nypa fruticans sap called nisaan by focusing on adiponectin expression.
Our study model was CCRF-CEM, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. The cells were treated with nisaan at a range of concentration and treated for 24, 48 and 72 hours followed by determination of the leukemic cells viability using tryphan blue method. Effective nisaan concentrations that significantly reduced the cells viability were again treated to the cells followed by determination of the cell proliferation using BrdU colorimetric kit and adiponectin level using adiponectin ELISA kit.
The results showed that, increase concentration of nisaan treatment reduced the cells viability and cells proliferation and enhance the adiponectin level in the leukemic cells.
This preliminary data suggest that Nypa fruticans might has the antileukemogenesis effect on acute lymphoblastic cells by regulating the adiponectin expression.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Fulltext Synthesis, molecular modelling and biological significance of N-(4-(4-bromophenyl) thiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide derivatives as prospective antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents

Sharma D, Kumar S, Narasimhan B, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Shah SAA, et al.

BMC Chem, 2019 Dec;13(1):46.
PMID: 31384794 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0564-0

To combat the antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance by pathogens and cancerous cells, efforts has been made to study the pharmacological activities of newly synthesized N-(4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamide derivatives. The molecular structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their physicochemical properties and spectroanalytical data (NMR, IR and elemental). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacterial (Gram positive and Gram negative) and fungal species using turbidimetric method and anticancer activity against oestrogen receptor positive human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (MCF7) by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Molecular docking studies were carried out to study the binding mode of active compounds with receptor using Schrodinger v11.5. The antimicrobial activity results revealed that compounds d1, d2 and d3 have promising antimicrobial activity. Anticancer screening results indicated that compounds d6 and d7 were found to be the most active ones against breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, the molecular docking study demonstrated that compounds d1, d2, d3, d6 and d7 displayed good docking score within binding pocket of the selected PDB ID (1JIJ, 4WMZ and 3ERT) and has the potential to be used as lead compounds for rational drug designing.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Fulltext Molecular docking, synthesis and biological significance of pyrimidine analogues as prospective antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents

Kumar S, Kaushik A, Narasimhan B, Shah SAA, Lim SM, Ramasamy K, et al.

BMC Chem, 2019 Dec;13(1):85.
PMID: 31384832 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0601-z

Pyrimidine nucleus is a significant pharmacophore that exhibited excellent pharmacological activities. A series of pyrimidine scaffolds was synthesized and its chemical structures were confirmed by physicochemical and spectral analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential towards Gram positive and negative bacteria as well as fungal species. They were also assessed for their anticancer activity toward a human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116). Whilst results of antimicrobial potential revealed that compounds Ax2, Ax3, Ax8 and Ax14 exhibited better activity against tested microorganisms, the results of antiproliferative activity indicated that compounds Ax7 and Ax10 showed excellent activity against HCT116. Further, the molecular docking of pyrimidine derivatives Ax1, Ax9 and Ax10 with CDK8 (PDB id: 5FGK) protein indicated that moderate to better docking results within the binding pocket. Compounds Ax8 and Ax10 having significant antimicrobial and anticancer activities may be selected as lead compounds for the development of novel antimicrobial and anticancer agent, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Immunosuppressive and hepatoprotective potential of Sarcococca saligna and its biomarker components

Ali H, Musharraf SG, Iqbal N, Adhikari A, Abdalla OM, Ahmed Mesaik M, et al.

Int Immunopharmacol, 2015 Sep;28(1):235-43.
PMID: 26093268 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.009

Sarcococca saligna methanolic extract, fractions and isolated pure compounds saracocine (1), saracodine (2), pachyximine-A (3) and terminaline (4) were found to possess potent immunosuppressive activities. The fractions and compounds were tested in-vitro for their effects on human T-cell proliferation, and cytokine (IL-2) production. All the fractions, sub-fractions and purified compounds showed significant suppressive effect on IL-2 production in a dose-dependent manner. They also exhibited a suppressive effect on the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-cell proliferation. None of the extracts and purified compounds showed any cytotoxicity effects on the 3T3 mice fibroblast cell line. The crude extract, DCM fraction (pH9), DCM fractions (pH7) and one of the steroidal alkaloids (terminaline) were checked in-vivo for their hepato-protective potential against CCl4-induced liver injury. In in-vivo experiments, the basic and neutral DCM fractions and terminaline (4) significantly reduced inflammation in the liver. DCM fraction (pH9), DCM fractions (pH7) and compound 4 reduced the serum enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP) down to control levels despite CCl4 treatment. They also reduced the CCl4-induced damaged area to almost zero as assessed by histopathology. The pale necrotic areas and mixed inflammatory infiltrate which are seen after CCl4 treatment were absent in the cases of basic, neutral fractions and terminaline treatment. These hepato-protective effects were better than the positive control silymarin. Our results suggest the therapeutic effect of S. saligna extract, fractions and bioactive steroidal alkaloids against CCl4-induced liver injury in vivo and their immunosuppressive function in vitro.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
A novel sponge-derived protein thrombocorticin is a new agonist for thrombopoietin receptor

Watari H, Nakajima H, Atsuumi W, Nakamura T, Nanya T, Ise Y, et al.

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 2019 Jul;221:82-88.
PMID: 30978513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.003

We screened 868 marine extracts in search of hematopoietic molecules resulted in findings of several extracts that proliferated Ba/F3-HuMpl cells but not the cells expressed with other hematopoietic cytokine receptors, EPO and G-CSF. Separation of the most potent extract of a Micronesian sponge Corticium sp., guided by the cell proliferation assay using Ba/F3-HuMpl cells resulted in an isolation of thrombocorticin (ThC), a novel 14 kDa protein as an active principal. ThC displayed concentration-dependent proliferation of Ba/F3-HuMpl cells, and had a stronger activity than that of eltrombopag, a small molecule drug used to treat thrombocytopenia. ThC induced phosphorylation of STAT5, suggesting that it activates Jak/STAT pathway as in the case of TPO. These results together indicated that ThC is a specific agonist for c-Mpl, although the size and shape differs largely from TPO. Here we present isolation, characterization and biological activity of ThC.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Partially degradable friction-welded pure iron-stainless steel 316L bone pin

Nasution AK, Murni NS, Sing NB, Idris MH, Hermawan H

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2015 Jan;103(1):31-8.
PMID: 24757071 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33174

This article describes the development of a partially degradable metal bone pin, proposed to minimize the occurrence of bone refracture by avoiding the creation of holes in the bone after pin removal procedure. The pin was made by friction welding and composed of two parts: the degradable part that remains in the bone and the nondegradable part that will be removed as usual. Rods of stainless steel 316L (nondegradable) and pure iron (degradable) were friction welded at the optimum parameters: forging pressure = 33.2 kPa, friction time = 25 s, burn-off length = 15 mm, and heat input = 4.58 J/s. The optimum tensile strength and elongation was registered at 666 MPa and 13%, respectively. A spiral defect formation was identified as the cause for the ductile fracture of the weld joint. A 40-µm wide intermetallic zone was identified along the fusion line having a distinct composition of Cr, Ni, and Mo. The corrosion rate of the pin gradually decreased from the undeformed zone of pure iron to the undeformed zone of stainless steel 316L. All metallurgical zones of the pin showed no toxic effect toward normal human osteoblast cells, confirming the ppb level of released Cr and Ni detected in the cell media were tolerable.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Fulltext Evaluation of Hydra HALT-1 as a toxin moiety for recombinant immunotoxin

Jiemy WF, Hiew LF, Sha HX, In LLA, Hwang JS

BMC Biotechnol, 2020 Jun 17;20(1):31.
PMID: 32552895 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00628-9

BACKGROUND: Immunotoxin is a hybrid protein consisting of a toxin moiety that is linked to a targeting moiety for the purpose of specific elimination of target cells. Toxins used in traditional immunotoxins are practically difficult to be produced in large amount, have poor tissue penetration and a complex internalization process. We hypothesized that the smaller HALT-1, a cytolysin derived from Hydra magnipapillata, can be used as the toxin moiety in construction of a recombinant immunotoxin.
RESULTS: In this study, pro-inflammatory macrophage was selected as the target cell due to its major roles in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. We aimed to construct macrophage-targeted recombinant immunotoxins by combining HALT-1 with anti-CD64-scFv in two orientations, and to assess whether their cytotoxic activity and binding capability could be preserved upon molecular fusion. The recombinant immunotoxins, HALT-1-scFv and scFv-HALT-1, were successfully constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Our data showed that HALT-1 still exhibited significant cytotoxicity against CD64+ and CD64- cell lines upon fusion with anti-CD64 scFv, although it had half cytotoxic activity as compared to HALT-1 alone. As positioning HALT-1 at N- or C-terminus did not affect its potency, the two constructs demonstrated comparable cytotoxic activities with IC50 lower in CD64+ cell line than in CD64- cell line. In contrast, the location of targeting moieties anti-CD64 scFv at C-terminal end was crucial in maintaining the scFv binding capability.
CONCLUSIONS: HALT-1 could be fused with anti-CD64-scFv via a fsexible polypeptide linker. Upon the successful production of this recombinant HALT-1 scFv fusion protein, HALT-1 was proven effective for killing two human cell lines. Hence, this preliminary study strongly suggested that HALT-1 holds potential as the toxin moiety in therapeutic cell targeting.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Biogenic Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles from Aspergillus niger JX556221 Against Human Colon Cancer Cell Line HT-29

Chengzheng W, Jiazhi W, Shuangjiang C, Swamy MK, Sinniah UR, Akhtar MS, et al.

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2018 May 01;18(5):3673-3681.
PMID: 29442882 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15364

Nanobiotechnology has emerged as a promising technology to develop new therapeutically active nanomaterials. The present study was aimed to biosynthesize AgNPs extracellularly using Aspergillus niger JX556221 fungal extract and to evaluate their anticancer potential against colon cancer cell line, HT-29. UV-visible spectral characterization of the synthesized AgNPs showed higher absorption peak at 440 nm wavelength. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the monodispersed nature of synthesized AgNPs occurring in spherical shape with a size in the range of 20-25 nm. Further, characterization using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the face-centred cubic crystalline structure of metallic AgNPs. FTIR data revealed the occurrence of various phytochemicals in the cell free fungal extract which substantiated the fungal extract mediated AgNPs synthesis. The cytotoxic effect of AgNPs was studied by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results evidenced the cytotoxic effect of AgNPs on HT-29 cell lines in a dose dependent manner. The highest activity was found at 100 μg/ml concentration after 24 h of incubation. Use of propidium iodide staining examination method confirmed the cytotoxic effect of AgNPs through inducing cell apoptosis. AgNPs cytotoxicity was found to be through elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase-3 activation resulting in induced apoptosis. Therefore, this research finding provides an insight towards the development of novel anticancer agents using biological sources.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic properties of 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on bladder cancer cells

Fahmy UA, Fahmy O

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2020 Jun;30:101714.
PMID: 32165337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101714

INTRODUCTION: 5-Aminolevulinic (5-ALA) may be used as a photo diagnostic agent in bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of 5-ALA on bladder cancer cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: T24 cells treated with various concentrations of mitomycin (MC), 5-ALA and an MC/5-ALA mixture were evaluated to determine the role of 5-ALA on MC cytotoxicity. Cell cycle analysis was conducted, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Caspase 3 enzyme and reactive oxygen species were measured.
RESULTS: Our initial studies exploring the impact of combination therapy on cell viability demonstrated improved cytotoxic effects on T24 and RT cells with relatively low doses of 5-ALA/MC in conjunction with MC alone. Indicated no significant difference between the IC50 of MC and MC/5-ALA in T24 cells, while IC50 value was decreased by 25 % in RT4 cells in 5-ALA/MC in comparing with MC alone. However, examination of cell cycle phase arrests by flow cytometry revealed significant PreG1 apoptosis and cell growth arrest in G2/M in T24 cells treated with the MC/5-ALA mixture compared with MC treatment. In addition, caspase 3 enzyme was increased by 1.15-fold in T24 cells treated with MC/5-ALA in comparison with MC alone.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that 5-ALA might possess anti-cancer properties and is not only a photo diagnostic element.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
Fulltext The effect of DMEM and DMEM:F12 culture media on the growth of SH-SY5Y cells

Aishah Mohammed Izham, Min, Jasmine Chia Siew, Vidyadaran, Sharmili, Mohd Roslan Sulaiman, Hemabarathy, Bharatham B., Perimal, Enoch Kumar

Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(3):6-0.
MyJurnal

The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y cells, derived from the parental SK-N-SH cell line, is commonly used as an in vitro model for neuroscience and neurobiology research. Since SH-SY5Y cells are widely cultured for research, several different culture media have been used to optimize the growth of the cells, including Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and other recently developed culture media. SH-SY5Y cells has the ability to reach confluency in culture flasks ranges from 5 days to 15 days, depending on the culture media used. Hence, the optimization of the culture media is crucial to achieve the fastest growth rate for the cells. The objective of the study is to evaluate the culture media for the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells. We compared the growth rate of SH-SY5Y cells cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 15% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (hiFBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium: Nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM:F12) + supplemented with 15% hiFBS and DMEM:F12 supplemented with 10% hiFBS. In DMEM:F12 supplemented with 15% hiFBS, cells grew up to 6.67E+05 cells. In DMEM:F12 supplemented with 10% hiFBS, cells grew up to 5.28E+05 cells. In DMEM supplemented with 15% hiFBS, the cells grew up to 4.76E+05 cells. There was a significant difference between culture media DMEM:F12 supplemented with 15% hiFBS as compared to DMEM:F12 supplemented with 10%hiFBS and DMEM supplemented with 15% hiFBS (p0.05). We found that DMEM:F12 supplemented with 15% hiFBS could serve as an optimized culture media for high proliferation rate of SH-SY5Y cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Single Agent and Synergistic Activity of Maritoclax with ABT-263 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Cell Lines

Xiang BLS, Kwok-Wai L, Soo-Beng AK, Mohana-Kumaran N

Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Oct;31(3):1-13.
PMID: 33214852 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.1

The BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins are over-expressed in many cancers and hence are attractive therapeutic targets. In this study, we tested the sensitivity of two Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) cell lines HK1 and C666-1 to Maritoclax, which is reported to repress anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 and BH3 mimetic ABT-263, which selectively inhibits anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2, BCL-XL and BCL-w. We investigated the sensitisation of the NPC cell lines to these drugs using the SYBR Green I assay and 3D NPC spheroids. We report that Maritoclax repressed anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1, BCL-2, and BCL-XL in a dose- and time-dependent manner and displayed a single agent activity in inhibiting cell proliferation of the NPC cell lines. Moreover, combination of Maritoclax and ABT-263 exhibited synergistic antiproliferative effect in the HK1 cells. Similar results were obtained in the 3D spheroids generated from the HK1 cells. More notably, 3D HK1 spheroids either treated with single agent Maritoclax or combination with ABT-263, over 10 days, did not develop resistance to the treatment rapidly. Collectively, the findings illustrate that Maritoclax as a single agent or combination with BH3 mimetics could be potentially useful as treatment strategies for the management of NPC.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Fulltext A Study of the in vitro cytotoxic activity of Gelsemium elegans using human ovarian and breast cancer cell lines

Abdul Wahab K, Ahmad FB, Din LB, Cheah SH, Mock SL

Trop Biomed, 2004 Dec;21(2):139-44.
PMID: 16493406 MyJurnal

The crude methanol extracts of Gelsemium elegans leaves were assessed for their cytotoxic activity using the microculture 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cellular viability. This study utilized two different types of human cancer cell lines, CaOV-3 (human ovarian cancer cells) and MDA-MB-231 (human estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells), allowing for comparison of toxicity of G. elegans against these two cancer cells lines. Our results showed that the methanol extract of G. elegans exhibited high cytotoxicity against the human ovarian cancer cell line CaOV-3 with an IC50 value of 5microg/ml after 96 h incubation. However, G. elegans displayed discernibly less toxicity against the MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value 40microg/ml after 96 h incubation and this effect was dose- and time-dependent, up to 72h and 20-30 microg/ml. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that G. elegans is potently cytotoxic against the human ovarian cancer cell line CaOV-3 and to a lesser extend towards the human breast carcinoma cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that the extract is selective towards CaOV-3 cells and may have a chemotherapeutic role for ovarian cancer treatment in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Phenolic constituents and anticancer properties of Morus alba (white mulberry) leaves

Chan EWC, Wong SK, Tangah J, Inoue T, Chan HT

J Integr Med, 2020 May;18(3):189-195.
PMID: 32115383 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.006

Flavonoids are by far the most dominant class of phenolic compounds isolated from Morus alba leaves (MAL). Other classes of compounds are benzofurans, phenolic acids, alkaloids, coumarins, chalcones and stilbenes. Major flavonoids are kuwanons, moracinflavans, moragrols and morkotins. Other major compounds include moracins (benzofurans), caffeoylquinic acids (phenolic acids) and morachalcones (chalcones). Research on the anticancer properties of MAL entailed in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of extracts or isolated compounds. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones and alkaloids are classes of compounds from MAL that have been found to be cytotoxic towards human cancer cell lines. Further studies on the phytochemistry and anticancer of MAL are suggested. Sources of information were PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Google, Google Scholar, J-Stage, PubChem and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
Recent advances in TPGS-based nanoparticles of docetaxel for improved chemotherapy

Choudhury H, Gorain B, Pandey M, Kumbhar SA, Tekade RK, Iyer AK, et al.

Int J Pharm, 2017 Aug 30;529(1-2):506-522.
PMID: 28711640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.018

Docetaxel (DTX) is one of the important antitumor drugs, being used in several common chemotherapies to control leading cancer types. Severe toxicities of the DTX are prominent due to sudden parenteral exposure of desired loading dose to maintain the therapeutic concentration. Field of nanotechnology is leading to resist sudden systemic exposure of DTX with more specific delivery to the site of cancer. Further nanometric size range of the formulation aid for prolonged circulation, thereby extensive exposure results better efficacy. In this article, we extensively reviewed the therapeutic benefit of incorporating d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS, or simply TPGS) in the nanoparticle (NP) formulation of DTX for improved delivery, tumor control and tolerability. TPGS is well accepted nonionic-ampiphilic polymer which has been identified in the role of emulsifier, stabilizer, penetration enhancer, solubilizer and in protection in micelle. Simultaneously, P-glycoprotein inhibitory activity of TPGS in the multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells along with its apoptotic potential are the added advantage of TPGS to be incorporated in nano-chemotherapeutics. Thus, it could be concluded that TPGS based nanoparticulate application is an advanced approach to improve therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents by better internalization and sustained retention of the NPs.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
In vitro adhesion and invasion by Cladosporium sphaerospermum in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC)

Lo SG, Wong SF, Mak JW, Choo KK, Ng KP

Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):958-971.
PMID: 33597466

Cladosporium spores are ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor environment and may potentially trigger allergic responses upon inhalation. To date, there is limited investigation on the fate of Cladosporium spores after being inhaled into the respiratory tract. This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of Cladosporium sphaerospermum with Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (BEAS-2B) and Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells (HPAEpiC). C. sphaerospermum conidia were harvested and co-cultured with BEAS-2B or HPAEpiC cells for 72 hours. At each time point (30 minutes, 2, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours), adherence and invasion of the cells by C. sphaerospermum conidia (and hyphae) were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. This study demonstrated the adherence and internalization of C. sphaerospermum conidia within these epithelial cells. In addition, the conidia were able to germinate and invade the epithelial cells. The ability of the fungal conidia to adhere, internalize, germinate and invade both the bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells of the respiratory tract in vitro might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of Cladosporium in respiratory infection and allergy in vivo.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Fulltext Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 17a enhance proliferation and differentiation of murine osteoblast and human foetal osteoblast cell lines

Shaminea S, Kannan TP, Norazmi MN, Nurul AA

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(2):35-40.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Cytokines have been gaining great focus due to their role in enhancing osseointegration as well as their potential in bone reconstruction. Osseointegration often faces complications in its compatibility with the implant due to rejection by the recipients own immune system. Therefore, extensive studies are being carried out to enhance osteoblast development to minimize such complication. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 17a (IL-17A) in the proliferation and differentiation of murine and human osteoblasts.

Methods: Various concentrations (5, 10, 25 and 50 ng/ml) of rIL-6 and rIL-17A were tested on both murine osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) and human feotal osteoblast (hFOB) cell lines using [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] (MTS) and alkaline phosphatise (ALP) assays. MTS was carried out at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours while ALP assay was done on day 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14.

Results: MC3T3-E1 cells showed steadier proliferation and differentiation compared to hFOB. Both cell lines expressed responses in dose-dependent manner. The concentration of 10ng for IL-6 and IL-17A in the case of MC3T3-E1 cell line was found to be the most suitable for further studies.

Conclusion: IL-6 and IL-17A enhance proliferation and ALP activity of both MC3T3-E1 and hFOB cell lines.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
Fulltext Hypoglycaemic properties of Malaysian cocoa (Theobroma cacao) polyphenols-rich extract

Ruzaidi, A., Abbe Maleyki, Amin, I., Nawalyah, A.G., Muhajir, H., Pauliena, M.B.S.M., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2008;15(3):305-312.
MyJurnal

The objective of the study was to investigate the hypoglycaemic properties of Malaysian cocoa (Theobroma cacao) polyphenols extract in-vivo and insulin sensitivity in-vitro. Cocoa extract (CE) (containing 190 - 286 mg total polyphenol per gram extract) was prepared from fermented and roasted (140°C, 20 min) beans by extracting with 80% ethanol in the ratio of 1 to 10. For the in-vivo study, the CE was administered in three dosages (1%, 2%, and 3%) to groups of normal and diabetic rats for a period of 4 weeks by forcefeeding. Results showed that dosages of 1% and 3% CE significantly reduced (p < 0.05) plasma glucose levels in the diabetic rats. An in-vitro study (BRIN-BD11 cell lines) was used to evaluate the effect of CE on insulinsensitivity. The results demonstrated that CE at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml significantly increased (p < 0.05) insulin level compared to the control. The results of this study showed that Malaysian cocoa polyphenol extract have the potential of being an insulin-mimetic agent. Further studies are on-going to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of polyphenols present in CE that contribute to the reduction of plasma glucose levels and insulin mimicking activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line

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