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  1. O'Brien CR, Krockenberger MB, Martin P, Parkes H, Kidd M, Malik R
    J Feline Med Surg, 2003 Apr;5(2):83-9.
    PMID: 12670433
    Melioidosis was diagnosed in two cats at necropsy. The first cat presented with jaundice and anaemia but died of overwhelming sepsis soon after admission, despite blood transfusion and other supportive measures. The second cat died several days after developing neurological signs; an infected digital wound may have been the primary focus of infection in this patient. The cats had presumably acquired the infection in Malaysia and northern Australia, respectively, and in both cases disease may have represented reactivation of a latent infection brought on by the stress of relocation. The epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis are discussed from a feline perspective.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography
  2. Yew KL, Anderson S, Farah R, Lim SH
    Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2014 Oct;22(8):979-80.
    PMID: 24887840 DOI: 10.1177/0218492313491583
    Central vein stenosis is not uncommon in hemodialysis-dependent patients as a result of mechanical damage to the vessel walls from prior cannulation. It can cause ipsilateral upper limb swelling and pain, resulting in suboptimal hemodialysis. It is unfortunate for bilateral central vein stenosis to develop concomitantly, and rare in the setting of an in-situ pacemaker. This case illustrates the successful ligation of a nondependent left arteriovenous fistula and stenting of the right subclavian vein with functioning ipsilateral arteriovenous fistula, to overcome the problem of symptomatic bilateral upper limb swelling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Subclavian Vein/radiography
  3. Ma NH, Teh CL, Rapaee A, Lau KB, Fong AY, Hi S, et al.
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2010 Aug;13(3):223-9.
    PMID: 20704618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2010.01533.x
    INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who have active disease with longer disease duration have been reported to have increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to the normal population.
    OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of our study is to ascertain the prevalence of significant asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) in Asian RA patients who are in remission using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). The secondary aims of our study are the usage of pulse wave velocity and the biomarkers N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-senstivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients.
    METHODS: We performed a comparative cross-sectional study of 47 RA patients who were in remission with a control group of non-RA patients with a history of atypical chest pain in Sarawak General Hospital from November 2008 to February 2009. All patients underwent 64-slice MDCT, assessment of arterial stiffness using the SphygmoCor test and blood analysis for NT-proBNP and hsCRP.
    RESULTS: There were 94 patients in our study with a mean age of 50 +/- 8.8 years. The RA and control patients in each group were matched in terms of traditional CV risk factors. Our RA patients had a median disease duration of 3 years (IQR 5.5). MDCT showed evidence of CAD in nine (19.1%) RA patients and three (6.4%) control patients (P = 0.06). There was no significant association between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and presence of CAD in our RA group. There was no significant correlation between PWV with levels of proBNP or hsCRP in our RA patients.
    CONCLUSIONS: In our current pilot study with the limitation of small sample size, RA was not associated with an increased risk of CAD in our RA patients who were in remission. Larger studies of CAD in Asian RA patients are needed to confirm our current finding.
    Study site: Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease/radiography
  4. Tang IP, Prepageran N, Ong CA, Puraviappan P
    J Laryngol Otol, 2010 Aug;124(8):913-5.
    PMID: 20426886 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215110000265
    To demonstrate the different clinical presentations of tuberculous otitis media and the management of selected cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mastoid/radiography
  5. Chua KB
    J Clin Virol, 2003 Apr;26(3):265-75.
    PMID: 12637075
    Nipah virus, a novel paramyxovirus, closely related to Hendra virus emerged in northern part of Peninsular Malaysia in 1998. The virus caused an outbreak of severe febrile encephalitis in humans with a high mortality rate, whereas, in pigs, encephalitis and respiratory diseases but with a relatively low mortality rate. The outbreak subsequently spread to various regions of the country and Singapore in the south due to the movement of infected pigs. Nipah virus caused systemic infections in humans, pigs and other mammals. Histopathological and radiological findings were characteristic of the disease. Fruitbats of Pteropid species were identified as the natural reservoir hosts. Evidence suggested that climatic and anthropogenic driven ecological changes coupled with the location of piggeries in orchard and the design of pigsties allowed the spill-over of this novel paramyxovirus from its reservoir host into the domestic pigs and ultimately to humans and other animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Infections/radiography
  6. Shahrudin MD, Noori SM
    Hepatogastroenterology, 1997 Mar-Apr;44(14):559-63.
    PMID: 9164537
    Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the non-operative treatment of acute pancreatic pseudocyst has been of hypothetical benefit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pancreatic Pseudocyst/radiography
  7. Mansur SA, Mieczkowska A, Bouvard B, Flatt PR, Chappard D, Irwin N, et al.
    J Cell Physiol, 2015 Dec;230(12):3009-18.
    PMID: 26016732 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25033
    Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk for bone fractures. Although bone mass is reduced, bone quality is also dramatically altered in this disorder. However, recent evidences suggest a beneficial effect of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) pathways on bone quality. The aims of the present study were to conduct a comprehensive investigation of bone strength at the organ and tissue level; and to ascertain whether enzyme resistant GIP or GLP-1 mimetic could be beneficial in preventing bone fragility in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin-treated mice were used as a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Control and streptozotocin-diabetic animals were treated for 21 days with an enzymatic-resistant GIP peptide ([D-Ala(2) ]GIP) or with liraglutide (each at 25 nmol/kg bw, ip). Bone quality was assessed at the organ and tissue level by microCT, qXRI, 3-point bending, qBEI, nanoindentation, and Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. [D-Ala2]GIP and liraglutide treatment did prevent loss of whole bone strength and cortical microstructure in the STZ-injected mice. However, tissue material properties were significantly improved in STZ-injected animals following treatment with [D-Ala2]GIP or liraglutide. Treatment of STZ-diabetic mice with [D-Ala(2) ]GIP or liraglutide was capable of significantly preventing deterioration of the quality of the bone matrix. Further studies are required to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and to validate whether these findings can be translated to human patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tibia/radiography
  8. Yeap EJ, Rao J, Pan CH, Soelar SA, Younger ASE
    Foot Ankle Surg, 2016 Sep;22(3):164-169.
    PMID: 27502224 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2015.06.008
    BACKGROUND: This study compares the outcomes of calcaneal fracture surgery after open reduction internal fixation and plating (ORIF) versus arthroscopic assisted percutaneous screw fixation (APSF).

    METHODS: Group I (N=12) underwent ORIF. Group II (N=15) underwent APSF. Anthropometric data, pre and post-operative stay, complications and duration off work were recorded in this retrospective case cohort study. Radiographs were analyzed for Bohler's, Gissane's angle and Sanders' classification. AOFAS Hindfoot and SF 36 scores were collected at final follow-up.

    RESULTS: Anthropometric data, Bohler's and Gissane's angles, AOFAS and SF 36 scores were not significantly different. Pre-operative duration was 12.3 days in ORIF and 6.9 days in APSF. Post-operative duration was 7.3 days vs 3.8 days. Duration off work was 6.2 months vs 2.9 months.

    CONCLUSION: The APSF group was able to have surgery earlier, go home faster, and return to work earlier. This study was not powered to demonstrate a difference in wound complication rates.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography/methods
  9. Ho CC, Seong PK, Zainuddin ZM, Abdul Manaf MR, Parameswaran M, Razack AH
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(5):3289-92.
    PMID: 23803117
    INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to identify clinical profiles of patients with low risk of having bone metastases, for which bone scanning could be safely eliminated.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross sectional study looked at prostate cancer patients seen in the Urology Departments in 2 tertiary centres over the 11 year period starting from January 2000 to May 2011. Patient demographic data, levels of PSA at diagnosis, Gleason score for the biopsy core, T-staging as well as the lymph node status were recorded and analysed.

    RESULTS: 258 men were included. The mean age of those 90 men (34.9%) with bone metastasis was 69.2 ± 7.3 years. Logistic regression found that PSA level (P=0.000) at diagnosis and patient's nodal-stage (P=0.02) were the only two independent variables able to predict the probability of bone metastasis among the newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. Among those with a low PSA level less than 20 ng/ml, and less than 10 ng/ml, bone metastasis were detected in 10.3% (12 out of 117) and 9.7% (7 out of 72), respectively. However, by combining PSA level of 10 ng/ml or lower, and nodal negative as the two criteria to predict negative bone scan, a relatively high negative predictive value of 93.8% was obtained. The probability of bone metastasis in prostate cancer can be calculated with this formula: -1.069+0.007(PSA value, ng/ml) +1.021(Nodal status, 0 or 1)=x Probability of bone metastasis=2.718 x/1+2.718 x.

    CONCLUSION: Newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients with a PSA level of 10 ng/ml or lower and negative nodes have a very low risk of bone metastasis (negative predictive value 93.8%) and therefore bone scans may not be necessary.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography
  10. Ng EK, Goh BL, Hamdiah P
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):151-4.
    PMID: 22822633 MyJurnal
    In-centre intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), a decade-old modality commonly associated with acute (stab) PD, continues to play an undeniably important role of providing "temporary" renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Malaysia. In our center, IPD is commenced after insertion of Tenckhoff catheter by interventional nephrologists as an interim option until a definitive RRT is established. This study aims to describe our experience and evaluate the viability of this modality as a bridging therapy. We retrospectively analyzed 39 IPD patients from January 2007 to December 2009; looking at demographics, cause of end-stage renal disease, duration on the program, length of hospitalization, PD-related infection profile, biochemical parameters and clinical outcomes. We accumulated a total experience of 169 patient-months, the average age of patients was 54.6 +/- 11.6 years, 84.6% of them diabetics. The median duration of a patient in the program was 88 days with accumulated in-hospital stay of 45 days. Eventually 48.7% of the patients secured placement for long-term haemodialysis while 20.5% were converted to CAPD. The mortality rate was 7.7% while the peritonitis rate was at 1 per 18.8 patient months. Our study shows that IPD is a viable interim option with a low infection rate and good clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Interventional
  11. Sulaiman AR, Simbak N, Wan Ismail WF, Wan Z, Halim AS
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2011 Aug;19(2):250-3.
    PMID: 21857057
    We report 2 patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia who underwent intramedullary Rush rod transfixation through the ankle joint following refracture and nonunion of vascularised fibular grafting 6 and 8 months earlier. After 9 and 5 years, both Rush rods were broken at the level of the ankle joints, while the reconstructed area was solidly united. The growth of the distal tibia increased the distance of the tips of the broken rod and hence the ankle joint motion. The broken tips may damage the articular cartilage and result in valgus deformity of the ankle and limb length discrepancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography
  12. Abu Bakar A, Ngiu CS, Mohamad Said MS, Periyasamy P
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2011 Oct;40(10):467-8.
    PMID: 22206056
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography
  13. Shiran MS, Tan GC, Arunachalam N, Sabariah AR, Pathmanathan R
    Malays J Pathol, 2006 Dec;28(2):113-6.
    PMID: 18376801
    We report a case of clear cell "sugar" tumour of the lung (CCTL) occurring in a 26-year-old lady. The patient was asymptomatic and the lesion was picked up in the course of a pre-employment medical examination. A well-defined 5 cm nodule in the right lower lobe was detected on routine chest X-Ray. Microscopical examination of the coin lesion showed clear cells containing abundant diastase-sensitive intracytoplasmic glycogen, as demohstrated with periodic acid-Schiff stains. Tumour immunoreactivity for HMB-45 and non-reactivity for cytokeratin support the histological diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of CCTL in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
  14. Banabilh SM, Asha'ari ZA, Hamid SS
    Sleep Breath, 2008 Aug;12(3):269-74.
    PMID: 17978839 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-007-0154-6
    Snoring is considered as the most common clinical symptom of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. However, many snoring studies were done in western population, and data from around Asia is scarce. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of snoring among Malaysian children from hospital-based medical clinic population setting and to compare the craniofacial features of children with and without snoring using cephalometric analysis. A cross-sectional study among children aged 7-15 years were carried out in Hospital Kuala Terengganu. Sleep behavior questionnaire (Berlin questionnaire) was given to 500 children. The respondents were divided into snoring and non-snoring groups. Thirty children from each group were randomly selected to undergo a cephalometric X-ray. For each lateral cephalometric radiograph, 17 parameters consisting bony, soft tissue, and angular measurements were recorded using computer software VixWin2000. Independent t test was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the whole questionnaire respondents were 317 (46 snoring and 271 non-snoring), hence, the prevalence of snoring in our survey population was 14.51%. The cephalometric X-ray showed that the snoring children manifested a significant different craniofacial features, such as narrow airway at the level of the soft palate and oropharynx (p < 0.05), more inferiorly positioned hyoid bone (p < 0.05), longer vertical airway length from posterior nasal spine to the base of epiglottis (p < 0.05), more protruding maxilla, and anterior-posterior discrepancy of maxilla and mandible (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our snorer children exhibit significant craniofacial differences compared to non-snorer groups.

    Study site: ACC at Hospital Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaThe ACC is a daycare center consisting of
    various specialty clinics such as Pediatrics, Orthopedics,
    Otorhinolaryngology, Dental, Oral-maxillofacial, General
    Surgery, General Medical, Ophthalmology, Psychiatry, and
    Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography
  15. Siti Mazliah K, Norzila MZ, Deng CT, Zulfiqar A, Azizi BHO
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Jun;55(2):180-7.
    PMID: 19839146
    Objectives: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Paediatric Institute among infants and children with chronic respiratory symptoms with the following objectives: i) to determine the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children with persistent respiratory symptoms, ii) to identify the clinical predictors of GOR (Gastro-oesophageal reflux) in children with persistent respiratory symptoms and iii) assess the validity of abdominal ultrasound, barium oesophagogram and chest radiograph in diagnosing GOR in these patients.
    Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients were recruited over a period of six months. All the presenting symptoms were identified. The patients were subjected to chest radiograph, abdominal ultrasound, barium oesophagogram and 24-hour pH oesophageal monitoring.
    The predictive validity of clinical symptoms, chest radiograph, abdominal ultrasound and barium oesophagogram were assessed. Twenty-four hours oesophageal pH was the gold standard to diagnose GOR.
    Results: The mean age of patients was 9.1 months (1-58 months). Thirty-one patients (70.5%) were confirmed to have GOR by pH study. Respiratory symptoms alone were not useful to predict GOR. Cough had the highest sensitivity of 51.6%. stridor, wheeze and choking each had a specificity of 76%. Wheeze, vomiting, choking and stridor were identified to have high specificity (90-100%) in diagnosing GOR when any two symptoms were taken in combination.
    Collapse/consolidation was the commonest radiological abnormality but had low sensitivity (35.5%) and specificity (53.8%). However hyperinflation on chest radiograph had a specificity of 92.3% with positive predictive value at 80% in diagnosing GOR. Barium oesophagogram has low sensitivity (37.9%) and moderate specificity (75%) in diagnosing GOR in children with respiratory symptoms.
    Abdominal ultrasound was a valid mode of diagnosing GOR when there were three or more reflux episodes demonstrated during the screening period with a specificity of 90.9%. However the sensitivity was low ie 20-25%. The specificity increased to 90-100% when two positive tests were taken in combination (abdominal ultrasound and barium oesophagogram). However the sensitivity remained low (10-20%). Chest radiograph did not improve the predictive value when considered with the above tests. Combination of clinical symptoms were useful as clinical predictors of GOR. In the absence of a pH oesophageal monitoring, a combination of barium oesophagogram and ultrasound may be helpful in diagnosing GOR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
  16. Koh KB
    Aust N Z J Surg, 1996 Dec;66(12):851-3.
    PMID: 8996073
    We report five patients who presented with seminoma of an undescended testis to highlight the importance of dealing with adult cryptorchidism. On the basis of the literature review and our experience, we advocate orchidectomy for post-pubertal cryptorchid patients of any age because follow-up may be difficult, and treatment for the tumour may be unsuccessful.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Abdominal
  17. Segasothy M, Samad SA, Zulfigar A, Bennett WM
    Am J Kidney Dis, 1994 Jul;24(1):17-24.
    PMID: 8023820
    The risk of renal papillary necrosis and renal dysfunction due to the chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is unknown. In a prospective study of 259 heavy analgesic users seen in a general medical hospital over an 11-year-period beginning in January 1982, 69 new cases of analgesic nephropathy with renal papillary necrosis were confirmed by intravenous urogram (26.6%), ultrasonography (30.4%), and/or computed tomography (43%). Twenty-nine of these patients (42%) had consumed excessive quantities of NSAIDs alone; an additional nine patients (13%) had consumed NSAIDs predominantly in combinations with paracetamol, aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine, and/or traditional herbal medications. Of those patients who consumed NSAIDs alone, 17 had consumed only a single type of NSAID and the remaining 12 had consumed multiple types of NSAIDs. The amount of NSAIDs administered ranged from 1,000 to 26,600 capsules or tablets over a 2- to 25-year period. Renal impairment (serum creatinine, 126 to 778 mumol/L) was noted in 26 of these 38 patients (64.8%). The reasons given for consuming NSAIDs include gouty arthritis (18 patients), osteoarthritis (seven patients), rheumatoid arthritis (six patients), chronic headache (three patients), gouty arthritis plus chronic headache (three patients), and chronic backache (one patient). All patients were prescribed these drugs and were followed medically. The occurrence of analgesic nephropathy was predominantly in males (male to female ratio, 1.9:1). Most of the patients did not have the characteristic psychological profile attributed previously to analgesic abuse nephropathy. Associated addictive habits, such as the use of psychotropic drugs and sleeping tablets, purgative abuse, and alcoholism, were absent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography
  18. Chee CP, Ali A
    Aust N Z J Surg, 1991 Aug;61(8):597-602.
    PMID: 1867613
    A prospective study of 100 consecutive patients with basal skull fracture admitted to the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur between July 1986 and October 1988 was carried out to study its epidemiological pattern, clinical and radiological presentations, mechanisms of injury, time interval between accidents and neurosurgical referrals, complications and outcomes. Two-thirds of the patients were between 20 and 50 years old and 79% were male. Half of the injured were motorcyclists and 22% were pedestrians. Three-quarters of the patients were seen within an hour after injury. Thirty-two patients had intracranial haematomas: 14 subdural, 9 extradural and 9 intracerebral. Three patients developed meningitis (two after operations) and six developed epilepsy. Eighteen patients died, but good recovery resulted in 70 patients at follow-up of 1 to 28 months. A small subgroup of 15 patients with severe ear and nose bleeding as a result of basal venous sinus tear died within a few hours despite aggressive resuscitation, probably due to underlying severe brain stem injury. The implication of the high incidence of basal skull fractures in motorcyclists, despite the enforcement of crash helmets is discussed, with possible mechanisms proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography
  19. Chung WH, Anuar AA, Lee KJ, Hasan MS, Chiu CK, Chan CYW, et al.
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2020 9 11;28(3):2309499020945014.
    PMID: 32909907 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020945014
    Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare but serious complication following scoliosis surgery. Early diagnosis and management are key factors for successful conservative treatment to avoid the need for emergency laparotomies which causes higher morbidity or even mortality. We report two adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with Cobb angle of 49° and 132°, respectively, and low body mass index who presented with SMA syndrome following posterior spinal fusion from T2 to L3 and were treated successfully with conservative management. Abdominal radiographs showed distended gastric shadow. Computed tomography angiography of the abdomen showed decreased aortomesenteric angle and SMA-aorta distance. Both patients were treated successfully with conservative treatment which included three principles: gastric decompression with nasogastric tube, correction of electrolytes imbalance, and nutritional support with low volume, high calorie nutritional supplement. Both patients were started with small but frequent meals. Surgeries were not required in both cases. Early diagnosis and management are the key factors to successful treatment in SMA syndrome. Patients with SMA can be treated successfully with conservative treatment comprising of nasogastric decompression, electrolyte correction, and nutritional support with small but frequent meals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography
  20. Nyanti LE, Kho SS, Tie ST
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 02;74(1):79-81.
    PMID: 30846667
    Primary lung malignancy presenting as empyema is rare, with a reported incidence of 0.3%. We report a case of a 60- year-old man presenting with unilateral pleural effusion; diagnostic thoracocentesis confirmed Salmonella empyema. Post-drainage, chest radiograph showed persisting right hemithorax opacity; subsequent computed tomography revealed a right lung mass with right upper lobe bronchus obliteration. Percutaneous biopsy confirmed advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma. We discuss the mechanism of post-obstructive pneumonia in lung cancerassociated empyema and the utility of bedside ultrasound in diagnosis of lung masses. Clinicians are alerted to the possibility of lung malignancy in elderly patients presenting with empyema.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiography, Thoracic
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