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  1. Fulltext CD80 Insights as Therapeutic Target in the Current and Future Treatment Options of Frequent-Relapse Minimal Change Disease
    Teh YM, Lim SK, Jusoh N, Osman K, Mualif SA
    Biomed Res Int, 2021;2021:6671552.
    PMID: 33506028 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671552
    Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children, and it is well known for its multifactorial causes which are the manifestation of the disease. Proteinuria is an early consequence of podocyte injury and a typical sign of kidney disease. Steroid-sensitive patients react well with glucocorticoids, but there is a high chance of multiple relapses. CD80, also known as B7-1, is generally expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in steroid-sensitive MCD patients. Various glomerular disease models associated with proteinuria demonstrated that the detection of CD80 with the increase of urinary CD80 was strongly associated closely with frequent-relapse MCD patients. The role of CD80 in MCD became controversial because one contradicts finding. This review covers the treatment alternatives for MCD with the insight of CD80 as a potential therapeutic target. The promising effectiveness of CD20 (rituximab) antibody and CD80 inhibitor (abatacept) encourages further investigation of CD80 as a therapeutic target in frequent-relapse MCD patients. Therapeutic-based antibody towards CD80 (galiximab) had never been investigated in MCD or any kidney-related disease; hence, the role of CD80 is still undetermined. A new therapeutic approach towards MCD is essential to provide broader effective treatment options besides the general immunosuppressive agents with gruesome adverse effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases
  2. Fulltext Von Hippel - Lindau disease
    Muhamad Nor S, Haron J
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(1):29-31.
    PMID: 28503272
    Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited multisystem disorder characterised by the development of a variety of benign and malignant tumours. We report a case of VHL disease that was inherited by a daughter from her father, who both presented at a young age with progressive headache and were found to have a posterior fossa haemangioblastoma (HB) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multiple benign pancreatic and renal cysts were also noted in both patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases, Cystic
  3. Fulltext Polycystic kidney disease in a Persian cat
    Phoon, M.H.E., Khor, K.H., Lau, S.F., Saw, M.H.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2015;27(1):20-23.
    MyJurnal
    A 6-year-old intact Persian cat was presented for the primary complaint of inappetence and weight loss. Irregular surface of
    kidneys was palpated during physical examination. Abdominal radiograph findings were indicative of renomegaly. Ultrasonography
    revealed multiple anaechoic structures within the renal parenchyma. The cortex, medulla and renal pelvis were unable to be
    differentiated. Both radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were suggestive of polycystic kidney disease. Blood test revealed
    normochromic, normocytic anaemia with azotaemia whereas urinalysis findings were hypostenuria and proteinuria, consistent of
    chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidney. Ultrasound is a useful antemortem diagnostic tool to diagnose polycystic kidney
    disease in cats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polycystic Kidney Diseases
  4. Fulltext Moxibustion (ArtemisiaPlant at Acupuncture Point) as Alternative Therapy in Hypertension: A Promising Approach
    Siddiqui MJ, Kamarudin MFB, Mohammed Al-Shami AK, Mat So'ad SZ, Jamshed SQ
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2017 Oct-Dec;9(4):279-281.
    PMID: 29456380 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_24_17
    Hypertension is a pathological condition in which the blood pressure is higher than under normal physiological conditions, i.e., 140/90 mmHg or higher. Blood pressure is measured as the force exerted by the blood pumped by the heart against the walls of arteries (aorta) and distributed throughout the body. Use of complementary and alternative medicine as a cure for hypertension is a common phenomenon because of the high risk of cardiovascular complications and kidney diseases caused by conventional Western medicine. It is reported that high blood pressure causes ~49% of myocardial infarction and 62% of strokes. Effective treatment of hypertension is restricted by adverse effects and cost of the medication. Moxibustion is the application of heat by burning a small bundle of tightly bound moxa, to targeted acupoint, and sometimes it is used along with acupuncture. Encouraging results have been reported on randomized trials indicating the efficacy of moxibustion. But more controlled clinical trials are required to further establish the potential efficacy of moxibustion approach in hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases
  5. Fulltext Quality of Life among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Penang, Malaysia
    Ramatillah DL, Syed Sulaiman SA, Khan AH, Meng OL
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2017 Oct-Dec;9(4):229-238.
    PMID: 29456373 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_191_17
    Background: Quality of life is one of the parameters to check the improvement of hemodialysis treatment among hemodialysed patients. Those patients will be dealing with this treatment in long term if this treatment is the only way for them to replace their kidney function and this thing will affect their quality of life.
    Objective: To evaluate the quality of life patients on hemodialysis using kidney disease quality of life-short term 24 (KDQoL-SF24) Malaysian Version.
    Materials and Methods: Cohort observational study was conducted in this study. The study included 78 hemodialysed patients in HD center Penang, Malaysia.
    Results: There were 9 components which had the lower of the mean and standard deviation (SD) than the standard form; work status (15.01 ± 35.57), cognitive function (75.66 ± 13.75), quality of life social interaction (76.32 ± 16.11), sleep (55.86 ± 15.30), social support (59.61 ± 22.08), patient satisfaction (43.24 ± 15.32), physical functioning (50.06 ± 42.81), general health (29.62 ± 25.56), and role emotional (54.27 ± 49.92). In this HD center, the group of patient's age who had the lower mean ± SD from the KDQoL-SF Manual Standard were the first and the sixth groups of patient's age (≤20 and 61-70).
    Conclusion: The study conducted in HD center, Penang, Malaysia showed that the scoring of work status, cognitive function, quality of social interaction, sleep, social support, patient satisfaction, physical functioning, general health, and role emotional were low than standard form.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases
  6. Fulltext Von Hippel–Lindau disease
    Juhara Haron, Siti Noorul Arisah Bt Muhamad Nor
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(1):29-31.
    MyJurnal
    Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited multisystem disorder
    characterised by the development of a variety of benign and malignant tumours. We report a case of
    VHL disease that was inherited by a daughter from her father, who both presented at a young age
    with progressive headache and were found to have a posterior fossa haemangioblastoma (HB) on
    magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multiple benign pancreatic and renal cysts were also noted in
    both patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases, Cystic
  7. Peritoneal dialysis: Status report in South and South East Asia
    Bhargava V, Jasuja S, Tang SC, Bhalla AK, Sagar G, Jha V, et al.
    Nephrology (Carlton), 2021 Nov;26(11):898-906.
    PMID: 34313370 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13949
    BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is largely underutilized globally. We analyzed PD utilization, impact of economic status, projected growth and impact of state policy(s) on PD growth in South Asia and Southeast Asia (SA&SEA) region.

    METHODS: The National Nephrology Societies of the region responded to a questionnaire on KRT practices. The responses were based on the latest registry data, acceptable community-based studies and societal perceptions. The representative countries were divided into high income and higher-middle income (HI & HMI) and low income and lower-middle income (LI & LMI) groups.

    RESULTS: Data provided by 15 countries showed almost similar percentage of GDP as health expenditure (4%-7%). But there was a significant difference in per capita income (HI & HMI -US$ 28 129 vs. LI & LMI - US$ 1710.2) between the groups. Even after having no significant difference in monthly cost of haemodialysis (HD) and PD in LI & LMI countries, they have poorer PD utilization as compared to HI & HMI countries (3.4% vs. 10.1%); the reason being lack of formal training/incentives and time constraints for the nephrologist while lack of reimbursement and poor general awareness of modalities has been a snag for the patients. The region expects ≥10% PD growth in the near future. Hong Kong and Thailand with 'PD first' policy have the highest PD utilization.

    CONCLUSION: Important deterrents to PD underutilization were lack of PD centric policies, lackadaisical patient/physician's attitude, lack of structured patient awareness programs, formal training programs and affordability.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/economics; Kidney Diseases/epidemiology; Kidney Diseases/therapy*
  8. Fulltext The effects of intermittent fasting during the month of Ramadan in chronic haemodialysis patients in a tropical climate country
    Wan Md Adnan WA, Zaharan NL, Wong MH, Lim SK
    PLoS One, 2014;9(12):e114262.
    PMID: 25546434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114262
    Chronic kidney disease is an emerging problem in the majority Muslim countries. Despite the uncertainties of the risks involved, some Muslim patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis choose to observe intermittent fasting during the month of Ramadan. This study aims to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting in haemodialysis patients residing in a tropical climate country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/physiopathology*
  9. Fulltext An Asian validation of the TIMI risk score for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
    Selvarajah S, Fong AY, Selvaraj G, Haniff J, Uiterwaal CS, Bots ML
    PLoS One, 2012;7(7):e40249.
    PMID: 22815733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040249
    Risk stratification in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is important, such that the most resource intensive strategy is used to achieve the greatest clinical benefit. This is essential in developing countries with wide variation in health care facilities, scarce resources and increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to validate the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score for STEMI in a multi-ethnic developing country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/epidemiology
  10. A modified in situ RT-PCR method for localizing fungal-specific gene expression in Candida-infected mice renal cells
    Yong VC, Ong KW, Sidik SM, Rosli R, Chong PP
    J Microbiol Methods, 2009 Nov;79(2):242-5.
    PMID: 19737582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.08.019
    In situ Reverse Transcriptase PCR (in situ RT-PCR) can amplify mRNA and localize gene expression in cells. However, this method is not feasible in fungi as the thick fungal cell wall constitutes a barrier to this procedure. We developed a two step in situ RT-PCR procedure which enabled the detection and localization of Candida tropicalis mRNA expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) mouse kidney sections. This in situ hybridization study revealed the first direct evidence for deposition of Candida tropicalis secreted aspartic proteinase 2 (CtSAP2) in the tip of pseudohyphae and its involvement in acute systemic candidiasis. We conclude that in situ RT-PCR can be successfully applied to FFPE tissues and will offer new perspectives in studying gene expression in Candida species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/microbiology*
  11. The pattern of amyloidosis in Malaysia
    Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):11-3.
    PMID: 16329569
    Congo red screening of routine biopsies at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur revealed the following categories of amyloidosis: systemic AL (5.9%); systemic AA (3.2%); isolated atrial (14%); primary localized cutaneous (7.5%); other primary localized deposits (3.2%); localized intratumour (58%); and dystrophic (8.6%). Unlike in the West, AA amyloidosis in this population was usually secondary to leprosy or tuberculosis. Liver involvement in AL amyloidosis was shown to exhibit a sinusoidal pattern and differed from the vascular pattern of AA amyloidosis. Within the category of AA amyloidosis, there were two patterns of renal involvement--glomerular and vascular, with the glomerular pattern carrying a more ominous clinical picture. Notable among the localized amyloidoses were isolated atrial amyloidosis complicating chronic rheumatic heart disease, intratumour amyloidosis within nasopharyngeal carcinomas and dystrophic amyloidosis which occurred in fibrotic tissues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/complications
  12. Clinical pharmacokinetics, toxicity and cost effectiveness analysis of aminoglycosides and aminoglycoside dosing services
    Mathews A, Bailie GR
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 1987 Oct;12(5):273-91.
    PMID: 3119606
    This article reviews the clinical pharmacokinetics, clinical toxicity and cost-effectiveness analysis of aminoglycosides and of dosing services for aminoglycosides. The reader is referred elsewhere for a review of the pharmacology, antimicrobial spectrum of activity and clinical use of these drugs. A critique of the more commonly used methods of aminoglycoside dosage determinations is included, based on the inter-individual variation in aminoglycoside disposition parameters. The advantages and disadvantages of arbitrary, predictive, and pharmacokinetic methods of dosing determination are summarized. Justification for the routine determination of serum aminoglycoside concentrations is reviewed. We review the lack of standardization of definitions for aminoglycoside-associated nephrotoxicity in published studies, and studies which illustrate these differences are highlighted. Evidence for the association between serum aminoglycoside concentrations and nephrotoxicity is examined. Ototoxicity is similarly reviewed. The concept of cost-effectiveness analysis is examined extensively in this review. We discuss the literature concerning the cost benefit analysis of drug dosing services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/chemically induced
  13. Fulltext Further evidence of analgesic nephropathy in Malaysia
    Segasothy M, Cheong I, Kong BC, Suleiman AB, Morad Z
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Dec;41(4):377-9.
    PMID: 3670164
    In a prospective study performed on patients admitted to the medical and renal wards of General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, over a period of 14 months from January 1982, we documented 12 new cases of analgesic nephropathy (AN). Since then up to July 1986, we have documented a further 16 cases of AN giving a total of 28 cases over a four-and-a-half-year period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/chemically induced*
  14. Morphological patterns of glomerular disease in renal biopsies from 1000 Malaysian patients
    Prathap K, Looi LM
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1982 Jan;11(1):52-6.
    PMID: 7073229
    Adequately biopsied renal tissue received in the Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur from 1,000 consecutive Malaysian patients during an eleven year period between 1970 and 1981 was reviewed. The youngest patient was 6 days old and the oldest 80 years. Both sexes were equally represented. The majority of the patients were Chinese (71%) with Malays and Indians comprising most of the remainder. Over half the patients (50.4%) presented with the nephrotic syndrome. Other modes of presentation included systemic lupus erythematosus, proteinuria and haematuria separately or in combination and hypertension. Minimal change (25.7%) and proliferative glomerulonephritis (24.8%) were present in about equal numbers and together accounted for over half of the cases (50.5%). Lupus nephritis was the third most common diagnosis (18.4%). In addition, there were patients with focal glomerulonephritis (5.4%), membranous glomerulonephritis (5.5%), Berger's disease (5.8%), amyloidosis (0.6%) and end stage renal disease (4.0%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/pathology*
  15. Chlorogenic acid attenuates kidney fibrosis via antifibrotic action of BMP-7 and HGF
    Yunus J, Salman M, Lintin GBR, Muchtar M, Sari DCR, Arfian N, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2020 05;75(Suppl 1):5-9.
    PMID: 32471962
    BACKGROUND: Kidney fibrosis, characterised by tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is a histological landmark of chronic kidney disease. The body attempts to compensate for progressive detrimental process of kidney fibrosis by producing antifibrotic substances, such as bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Chlorogenic acid is known to have renoprotective and antifibrotic properties. This study aims to evaluate the effect of chlorogenic acid on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced kidney fibrosis mice model.

    METHODS: This study was a quasi-experimental with posttestonly control group design. Twenty-five adult male Swiss Webster mice were randomly divided into five groups: shamoperated group (SO), UUO-control day-7 (U7), UUO-control day-14 (U14), UUO-chlorogenic acid day-7 (UC7), and UUOchlorogenic acid day 14 (UC14). Myofibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemical staining of alphasmooth muscle actin (α-SMA) while collagen fibers were identified by Sirius Red staining. Both data were presented as area fraction. BMP-7 and HGF mRNA expressions were assessed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Data were quantified using ImageJ software.

    RESULTS: UUO-control groups (U7 and U14) showed higher α- SMA-immunopositive (6.52±1.33, 18.24±1.39 vs. 0.22±0.01; p<0.05) and Sirius Red-positive area fractions (6.61±0.8, 12.98±2.31 vs. 0.62±0.10; p<0.05), lower BMP-7 (1.02±0.47, 1.18±0.65 vs. 2.09±0.87; p<0.05) and HGF mRNA expressions (1.06±0.31, 0.89±0.14 vs. 1.88±0.81; p<0.05) compared to SO group. UUO-chlorogenic acid groups (UC7 and UC14) showed lower α-SMA-immunopositive (1.24±0.37, 4.58±0.61; p<0.05) and Sirius Red-positive area fractions (4.76±1.03, 3.72±0.54; p<0.05), higher BMP-7 (1.84±0.49, 2.19±0.43; p<0.05) and HGF (1.58±0.38; p>0.05, 1.84±0.42; p<0.05) mRNA expressions compared to UUO-control groups. UUOchlorogenic acid groups showed BMP-7 and HGF mRNA expressions that were not significantly different from the SO group.

    CONCLUSION: Chlorogenic acid administration prevents kidney fibrosis in UUO mice model through modulating antifibrotic pathway.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/drug therapy*
  16. Light chain multiple myeloma: an evaluation of its biochemical investigations
    Zahari Sham SY, C Thambiah S, Samsudin IN, Lim SM
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):311-315.
    PMID: 29279596 MyJurnal
    Multiple myeloma is a type of plasma cell dyscrasia, characterised by presence of paraprotein or monoclonal (M)-protein in serum or urine. The M-protein may consist of an intact immunoglobulin, the heavy chain only or the light chain only. The latter, designated as light chain multiple myeloma (LCMM) makes up almost 20% of myelomas. Clinical manifestation is often heralded by hypercalcaemia, renal impairment, normocytic normochromic anaemia and bone lesions, reflecting end-organ damage, collectively known as the acronym CRAB. In particular, free light chain nephrotoxicity accounts for the high prevalence of renal impairment seen in LCMM. This case illustrates a typical presentation of LCMM with focal discussion on its initial and diagnostic, as well as prognostic biochemical investigations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/etiology
  17. Fulltext Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following a switchover of therapy between two fibric acid derivatives
    Kamaliah MD, Sanjay LD
    Singapore Med J, 2001 Aug;42(8):368-72.
    PMID: 11764054
    Drug induced myopathy has been reported with the use of fibric acid derivatives, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors and nicotinic acid. Over the last three decades, hypolipemiants like fibric acid derivatives and statins have been increasingly recognised as causes of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure especially during combination therapy and in the presence of underlying renal impairment. We report two cases of bezafibrate-induced rhabdomyolysis in patients with underlying coronary artery disease and pre-existing renal impairment. Both patients developed rhabdomyolysis leading to acute renal failure soon after their hyperlipidaemia treatment was changed from gemfibrozil to bezafibrate. There were no intercurrent illnesses or co-administration of other lipid lowering drugs in both patients. Even though both drugs belong to the same fibric acid derivatives group, these patients developed the complication only after a switchover of therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/complications
  18. The effects of ethnicity on disease patterns in 472 Orientals with systemic lupus erythematosus
    Thumboo J, Fong KY, Chng HH, Koh ET, Chia HP, Leong KH, et al.
    J Rheumatol, 1998 Jul;25(7):1299-304.
    PMID: 9676760
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of ethnicity on disease manifestations in Oriental patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to describe the risk of developing renal or central nervous system (CNS) involvement with time.
    METHODS: A retrospective study of 472 patients with SLE seen at the only Rheumatology Unit in Singapore. The effect of ethnicity on selected disease manifestations at diagnosis was assessed after adjusting for demographic variables using multiple logistic regression. The probability of developing selected disease manifestations with time was determined using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method.
    RESULTS: At diagnosis, Malays had a higher risk of renal or CNS involvement than Chinese (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.21, and OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 9.34, respectively), and Indians a lower risk of malar rash and a higher risk of oral ulcers than Chinese (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.68, and OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.45 to 7.34, respectively). The prevalence of renal or CNS involvement in the entire cohort increased with time, reaching 75.6% (95% CI 66.1% to 85.0%) and 16.7% (95% CI 11.7% to 21.6%), respectively, after 18 years of disease.
    CONCLUSION: Ethnicity influenced disease manifestations at diagnosis in this cohort of Oriental patients with SLE. Renal or CNS involvement developed in previously unaffected patients up to 18 years after diagnosis, highlighting the need for continued vigilance in patients with lupus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/complications
  19. Fulltext A clinical prediction tool for targeted pre-antiretroviral therapy creatinine testing applied to the TREAT Asia HIV observational database cohort
    Boettiger DC, Saphonn V, Lee MP, Phanuphak P, Pham TT, Heng Sim BL, et al.
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2014 Dec 01;67(4):e131-3.
    PMID: 25197829 DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000338
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/chemically induced*
  20. Plasma, aqueous and vitreous homocysteine levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
    Lim CP, Loo AV, Khaw KW, Sthaneshwar P, Khang TF, Hassan M, et al.
    Br J Ophthalmol, 2012 May;96(5):704-7.
    PMID: 22353698 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-301044
    To compare homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in the blood plasma, vitreous and aqueous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) against control, and to investigate associations between Hcy concentration in blood plasma with that of aqueous and vitreous in these two groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases/blood
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