Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 188 in total

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  1. Isolation of new phytometabolites from Alpinia galanga willd rhizomes
    Sharma PK, Fuloria S, Ali M, Singh A, Kushwaha SP, Sharma VK, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2021 Jul;34(4):1397-1401.
    PMID: 34799313
    The current research was aimed to isolate newer phyto-metabolites from rhizomes of Alpinia galanga plant. Study involved preparation of Alpinia galanga rhizome methanolic extract, followed by normal phase column chromatography assisted isolation of new phytometabolites (using different combinations of chloroform and methanol), and characterization (by UV, FTIR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, COSY, DEPT and Mass spectrometry). The isolation and characterization experiment offered two phytometabolites: an ester (Ag-1) and tetrahydronapthalene type lactone (Ag-2). Present study concludes and reports the two phytometabolites, benzyl myristate (Ag-1) and 3-Methyl-6α, 8β-diol-7-carboxylic acid tetralin-11, 9β-olide (Ag-2) for the first time in Alpinia galanga rhizome. The study recommends that these phytometabolites Ag-1 and Ag-2 can be utilized as effective analytical biomarkers for identification, purity and quality control of this plant in future.
  2. Fulltext Prevalence of oral tori and exostosis in Malaysian population - A cross-sectional study
    Kumar Singh A, Sulugodu Ramachandra S, Arora S, Dicksit DD, Kalyan CG, Singh P
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2017 Sep-Dec;7(3):158-160.
    PMID: 29123992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.08.008
    Introduction: Oral tori and exostosis are non-pathological bony protuberances seen on the alveolar surfaces of the jaw bones. These are commonly seen on the palatal surfaces of the maxilla [torus palatinus (TP)] and around the premolars in the lingual surface of the mandible [torus mandibularis (TM)]. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of tori/exostosis in the Malaysian population.

    Methodology: A total of 2666 patients were examined for the presence of tori and exostosis in the maxilla and mandible and were categorized into TP, TM, and exostosis (facial/labial). Collected data was analysed for obtaining descriptive statistics.

    Results: 882 subjects were noticed with oral tori/exostosis among the population studied with a prevalence rate of 33%. TP was seen more in females (35%), compared to males (20%), and this difference was statistically significant (p value 
  3. Fulltext Liquid biofertilizers as a sustainable solution for agriculture
    Allouzi MMA, Allouzi SMA, Keng ZX, Supramaniam CV, Singh A, Chong S
    Heliyon, 2022 Dec;8(12):e12609.
    PMID: 36619398 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12609
    This paper provides a mini review of liquid biofertilizers, which have been proven to perform better than the other forms in lasting for longer periods of time, improving crop quality, and requiring less amounts for application. The production of liquid biofertilizers, types of liquid inoculants, and their effect on plant growth are covered in this review. Liquid biofertilizers can be made from wastes and by-products of several industries, making zero or near-zero discharge possible and thus gearing towards circular economy. Despite their usefulness in enhancing crop quality and eco-friendliness, in order to compete with chemical fertilizers, there are a number of challenges to overcome, such as extending the shelf life, making them more susceptible to seasonal climate conditions and soil types, and development of suitable machineries for production and application. More field trials, cost-benefit analysis and long-term studies should also be evaluated for commercialization purposes.
  4. Molecular distribution, sources and potential health risks of fine particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during high pollution episodes in a subtropical urban city
    Singh A, Banerjee T, Latif MT, Ramanathan S, Suradi H, Othman M, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2023 Nov;340:139943.
    PMID: 37625487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139943
    Abundance of fine particulate-bound 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated to ascertain its sources and potential carcinogenic health risks in Varanasi, India. The city represents a typical urban settlement of South Asia having particulate exposure manyfold higher than standard with reports of pollution induced mortalities and morbidities. Fine particulates (PM2.5) were monitored from October 2019 to May 2020, with 32% of monitoring days accounting ≥100 μgm-3 of PM2.5 concentration, frequently from November to January (99% of monitoring days). The concentration of 16 priority PAHs varied from 24.1 to 44.6 ngm-3 (mean: 33.1 ± 3.2 ngm-3) without much seasonal deviations. Both low (LMW, 56%) and high molecular weight (HMW, 44%) PAHs were abundant, with Fluoranthene (3.9 ± 0.4ngm-3) and Fluorene (3.5 ± 0.3ngm-3) emerged as most dominating PAHs. Concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P, 0.5 ± 0.1ngm-3) was lower than the national standard as it contributed 13% of total PAHs mass. Diagnostic ratios of PAH isomers indicate predominance of pyrogenic sources including emissions from biomass burning, and both from diesel and petrol-driven vehicles. Source apportionment using receptor model revealed similar observation of major PAHs contribution from biomass burning and fuel combustion (54% of source contribution) followed by coal combustion for residential heating and cooking purposes (44%). Potential toxicity of B[a]P equivalence ranged from 0.003 to 1.365 with cumulative toxicity of 2.13ngm-3. Among the PAH species, dibenzo[h]anthracene contributed maximum toxicity followed by B[a]P, together accounting 86% of PAH induced carcinogenicity. Incremental risk of developing cancer through lifetime exposure (ILCR) of PAHs was higher in children (3.3 × 10-4) with 56% contribution from LMW PAHs, primarily through ingestion and dermal contact. Adults in contrast, were more exposed to inhale airborne PAHs with cumulative ILCR of 2.2 × 10-4. However, ILCR to PM2.5 exposure is probably underestimated considering unaccounted metal abundance thus, require source-specific control measures.
  5. Synthesis of Pectin and Eggshell Biowaste-Mediated Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), Their Physicochemical Characterizations, and Use as Antibacterial Material
    Thakur P, Arivarasan VK, Kumar G, Pant G, Kumar R, Pandit S, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2024 Jan;196(1):491-505.
    PMID: 37145344 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04550-6
    The current study reports the synthesis of sustainable nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) using a wet chemical precipitation approach. The materials used in the green synthesis of nHAp were obtained from environmental biowastes such as HAp from eggshells and pectin from banana peels. The physicochemical characterization of obtained nHAp was carried out using different techniques. For instance, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy were used to study the crystallinity and synthesis of nHAp respectively. In addition, the morphology and elemental composition of nHAP were studied using FESEM equipped with EDX. HRTEM showed the internal structure of nHAP and calculated its grain size which was 64 nm. Furthermore, the prepared nHAp was explored for its antibacterial and antibiofilm activity which has received less attention previously. The obtained results showed the potential of pectin-bound nHAp as an antibacterial agent for various biomedical and healthcare applications.
  6. Fulltext Parental vaccine hesitancy and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine: An internet-based survey in the US and five Asian countries
    Joachim G, Shih SF, Singh A, Rajamoorthy Y, Harapan H, Chang HY, et al.
    PLOS Glob Public Health, 2024;4(2):e0002961.
    PMID: 38416781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002961
    COVID-19 vaccination rates for children globally are relatively low. This study aimed to investigate parental vaccine hesitancy and parents' acceptance of a COVID-19 for their children for their children in the United States, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia.We analyzed data from an opt-in, internet-based cross-sectional study (n = 23,940). Parents were asked about their acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine for their children, and if they would accept the vaccine with different risk and effectiveness profiles for themselves. Poisson regression was used to generate prevalence ratios (PR) of the relationship between vaccine acceptance for a child and vaccine profile, by country and waves and overall. Between August 2020 and June 2021, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance for children decreased in the United States (89% to 72%) and Taiwan (79% to 71%), increased in India (91% to 96%) and Malaysia (81% to 91%), and was stable in Indonesia (86%) and China (at 87%-90%). Vaccine risk and effectiveness profiles did not consistently affect parent's acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine for their children. Instead, being not hesitant was a large driver of vaccine acceptance (PR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.36). Adolescent COVID-19 vaccination have already been established in many high and middle-income countries, but our study suggests that there is a movement of vaccine hesitancy which could impede the success of future pediatric and adolescent COVID-19 vaccination programs.
  7. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery and Target Identification in Cancer
    Sharma V, Singh A, Chauhan S, Sharma PK, Chaudhary S, Sharma A, et al.
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2024;21(6):870-886.
    PMID: 37670704 DOI: 10.2174/1567201821666230905090621
    Drug discovery and development (DDD) is a highly complex process that necessitates precise monitoring and extensive data analysis at each stage. Furthermore, the DDD process is both timeconsuming and costly. To tackle these concerns, artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be used, which facilitates rapid and precise analysis of extensive datasets within a limited timeframe. The pathophysiology of cancer disease is complicated and requires extensive research for novel drug discovery and development. The first stage in the process of drug discovery and development involves identifying targets. Cell structure and molecular functioning are complex due to the vast number of molecules that function constantly, performing various roles. Furthermore, scientists are continually discovering novel cellular mechanisms and molecules, expanding the range of potential targets. Accurately identifying the correct target is a crucial step in the preparation of a treatment strategy. Various forms of AI, such as machine learning, neural-based learning, deep learning, and network-based learning, are currently being utilised in applications, online services, and databases. These technologies facilitate the identification and validation of targets, ultimately contributing to the success of projects. This review focuses on the different types and subcategories of AI databases utilised in the field of drug discovery and target identification for cancer.
  8. Fulltext Occurrence and visual characterization of microplastics from Mahakam River at Tenggarong City, Indonesia
    Sukmono Y, Hadibarata T, Kristanti RA, Singh A, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS
    J Contam Hydrol, 2024 Nov;267:104440.
    PMID: 39396457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104440
    Indonesia generates approximately 7.8 million tons of plastic waste annually, which 4.9 million tons is mismanaged. Presently, there is significant concern on microplastics (MPs) pollution in aquatic environment. The research on the prevalence of MPs in river systems are comparatively lower than the studies conducted on marine systems. The primary goal of this research was to look into the prevalence of MPs in the river water of Mahakam of Tenggarong City, Indonesia. To adequately represent this area, a meticulous selection method was used to find five separate sampling locations, with two stations at each location, positioned 200 m apart on opposite sides of the river. According to the study's findings, MPs has been observed in the range of 19.2 ± 1.8 to 58.5 ± 3.5 particles/l. Based on the MPs type, fragments (43.4 %) were the most common type of MPs found in water samples. Furthermore, 44.6 % of the MPs had size smaller than 1000 μm. The prevalent hues observed in the water samples were transparent and black, composing 75.6 % of overall formation. The determination of microplastic polymers employed Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing the presence of various type, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP).
  9. Rice straw waste-based green synthesis and characterizations investigation of Fe-MoS2-derived nanohybrid
    Singh A, Himanshu M, Verma B, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Wong LS, et al.
    Luminescence, 2024 Sep;39(9):e4884.
    PMID: 39258707 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4884
    In present work, synthesis of a nanohybrid material using Fe and MoS2 has been performed via a cost-effective and environmentally friendly route for sustainable manufacturing innovation. Rice straw extract was prepared and used as a reducing and chelating agent to synthesize the nanohybrid material by mixing it with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and ferric nitrate [Fe (NO3)3.9H2O], followed by heating and calcination. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of a nanohybrid consisting of monoclinic Fe2(MoO4)3, cubic Fe2.957O4, and orthorhombic FeS with 86% consisting of Fe2(MoO4)3. The properties were analyzed through Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) study revealed a heterogeneous size distribution, with an average particle size of 48.42 nm for 18% of particles and 384.54 nm for 82% of particles. Additionally, the zeta potential was measured to be -18.88 mV, suggesting moderate stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ oxidation states along with the presence of Molybdenum (Mo), oxygen (O), and Sulphur (S). The prepared nanohybrid material exhibited a band gap of 2.95 eV, and the photoluminescence intensity increased almost twice that of bare MoS2. The present work holds potential applications in photo luminescent nanoplatform for biomedical applications.
  10. Fulltext Recent developments in β-cell differentiation of pluripotent stem cells induced by small and large molecules
    Kumar SS, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Singh AJ, Peng IC, Priya SP, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2014;15(12):23418-47.
    PMID: 25526563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223418
    Human pluripotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), hold promise as novel therapeutic tools for diabetes treatment because of their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into beta (β)-cells. Small and large molecules play important roles in each stage of β-cell differentiation from both hESCs and hiPSCs. The small and large molecules that are described in this review have significantly advanced efforts to cure diabetic disease. Lately, effective protocols have been implemented to induce hESCs and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to differentiate into functional β-cells. Several small molecules, proteins, and growth factors promote pancreatic differentiation from hESCs and hMSCs. These small molecules (e.g., cyclopamine, wortmannin, retinoic acid, and sodium butyrate) and large molecules (e.g. activin A, betacellulin, bone morphogentic protein (BMP4), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), noggin, transforming growth factor (TGF-α), and WNT3A) are thought to contribute from the initial stages of definitive endoderm formation to the final stages of maturation of functional endocrine cells. We discuss the importance of such small and large molecules in uniquely optimized protocols of β-cell differentiation from stem cells. A global understanding of various small and large molecules and their functions will help to establish an efficient protocol for β-cell differentiation.
  11. Discovery of novel methanone derivatives acting as antimycobacterial agents
    Ali MA, Bastian S, Ismail R, Choon TS, Ali S, Aubry A, et al.
    J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 2011 Dec;26(6):890-4.
    PMID: 21395486 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.559945
    A series of pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was carried out. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds (4d) and (4f) 4-aminophenyl-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-2-ylmethanone and 4-aminophenyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3-phenyl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-2-ylmethanone were found to be the most active agent against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/mL.
  12. Pangolin Indexing System: implications in forensic surveillance of large seizures
    Singh A, Priyambada P, Jabin G, Singh SK, Joshi BD, Venkatraman C, et al.
    Int J Legal Med, 2020 Sep;134(5):1613-1618.
    PMID: 32621146 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02362-5
    Demand for pangolin scales in East Asia has increased dramatically in the past two decades, raising concern to the pangolin survival and bringing them to the brink of local extinction. Enumerating the number of individuals from the seized pangolin scales primarily goes undocumented, mostly due to the unavailability of the appropriate methods. In this study, we developed a Pangolin Indexing System, a multi-locus STR panel of eight dinucleotide microsatellites that showed promising results in individualization and assignment of scales into Chinese and Indian pangolins. The combined power of exclusion was 0.83 and 0.99 for Chinese and Indian pangolin. The select panel of eight polymorphic STRs exhibited the cumulative probability of identity 3.7 × 10-9 for Indian pangolin and 3.6 × 10-7 for Chinese pangolin and identified 51 unique genotypes from the 74 scales selected from the four pangolin seizures. The study demonstrated the first report of cross-species validation of STRs developed from Malayan pangolin to Indian pangolin and showed the potential application of Pangolin Indexing System in screening of large seizures through DNA profiling from the scales of Indian and Chinese pangolin.
  13. AChE inhibitor: a regio- and stereo-selective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition for the synthesis of novel substituted 5,6-dimethoxy spiro[5.3']-oxindole-spiro-[6.3″]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1″-one-7-(substituted aryl)-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazole
    Ashraf Ali M, Ismail R, Choon TS, Kumar RS, Osman H, Arumugam N, et al.
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2012 Jan 1;22(1):508-11.
    PMID: 22142546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.087
    Pyrrolothiazolyloxindole analogues share vital pharmacological properties, considered useful in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was synthesis and evaluate pyralothiazolyloxindole analogues if possess acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. The easily accessible one-pot synthesis of these compounds resulted to be significantly less difficult and expensive than that of donepezil. Several compounds possess anti-cholinesterase activity in the order of micro and sub-micromolar. Particularly, compound was the most potent inhibitors of the series against acetyl cholinesterase enzyme with IC(50) 0.11μmol/L.
  14. Fulltext Menace of antimicrobial resistance in LMICs: Current surveillance practices and control measures to tackle hostility
    Sharma A, Singh A, Dar MA, Kaur RJ, Charan J, Iskandar K, et al.
    J Infect Public Health, 2022 Feb;15(2):172-181.
    PMID: 34972026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.12.008
    Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is significant challenge humanity faces today, with many patients losing their lives every year due to AMR. It is more widespread and has shown a higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to lack of awareness and other associated reasons. WHO has suggested some crucial guidelines and specific strategies such as antimicrobial stewardship programs taken at the institutional level to combat AMR. Creating awareness at the grassroots level can help to reduce the AMR and promote safe and effective use of antimicrobials. Control strategies in curbing AMR also comprise hygiene and sanitation as microbes travel from contaminated surroundings to the human body surface. As resistance to multiple drugs increases, vaccines can play a significant role in curbing the menace of AMR. This article summarizes the current surveillance practices and applied control measures to tackle the hostility in these countries with particular reference to the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs and the responsibilities of regulatory authorities in managing the situation.
  15. Avian Haemosporidian (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) Status in Two Bird Groups (Old-World Flycatchers and Thrushes) of India and Their Phylogenetic Relationships with Other Lineages of the World
    Vipin, Singh A, Sharma V, Tripathi NK, Dixit R, Singh B, et al.
    Acta Parasitol, 2022 Dec;67(4):1756-1766.
    PMID: 36306015 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00626-1
    PURPOSE: Avian haemosporidian may affect the host from body damage to the extinction of a population. Knowledge of their status may help in future avifauna conservation plans. Hence, their status in two bird groups of India and their phylogenetic relationships with other known lineages of the world were examined.

    METHODS: Cytochrome b gene sequences (479 bp) generated from India and available at MalAvi database were used to study the avian haemosporidian prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of lineages at local and world levels.

    RESULTS: One common (COLL2) and only once in the study (CYOPOL01, CHD01, CYORUB01, EUMTHA01, GEOCIT01) haemosporidian lineages were discovered. 5.88% prevalence of haemosporidian infection was found in 102 samples belonging to 6 host species. Haemoproteus prevalence was 4.90% across five host species (Phylloscopus trochiloides, Cyornis poliogenys, C. hainanus dialilaemus, C. rubeculoides, Eumiyas thalassinus) and Plasmodium prevalence was 0.98% in Geokichla citrina. Spatial phylogeny at the global level showed that COLL2 lineage, found in C. poliogenys in India, was genetically identical to H. pallidus lineages (COLL2) in parts of Africa, Europe, North America, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The Plasmodium lineage (GEOCIT01) was related to PADOM16 in Egypt, but the sequences were only 93.89% alike.

    CONCLUSIONS: Four new lineages of Haemoproteus and one of Plasmodium were reported. COLL2 similarity with other H. pallidus lineages may suggest their hosts as possible infection sources.

  16. Fulltext Development of chemically synthesized hydroxyapatite composite with reduced graphene oxide for enhanced mechanical properties
    Flora B, Kumar R, Tiwari P, Kumar A, Ruokolainen J, Narasimhan AK, et al.
    J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2023 Jun;142:105845.
    PMID: 37060714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105845
    A successful attempt has been made to improve the mechanical properties of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite nanoparticles (NPs). Various proportions of HAp and rGO were synthesized to improve the mechanical properties. HAp NPs were prepared using the wet precipitation method and further calcined to form crystalline particles. The physicochemical characterization of the HAp NPs revealed that the crystalline size and percentage of crystallinity were calculated to be 42.49 ± 1.2 nm and 44% post calcination. Furthermore, the rGO-HA composites were prepared using ball milling and obtained in the shape of pellets with different ratios of rGO (10, 20, 30, 40, 50% wt.). The mechanical properties have been evaluated through a Universal testing machine. Compared to calcined HAp (cHAp), the strength of variants significantly enhanced with the increased concentration of rGO. The compressive strength of HA-rGO with the ratio of the concentration of 60:40% by weight is a maximum of about 10.39 ± 0.43 MPa. However, the porosity has also been bolstered by increasing the concentration of rGO, which has been evaluated through the liquid displacement method. The mean surface roughness of the composites has also been evaluated from the images through Image J (an image analysis program).
  17. Aerated Static Pile Composting for Industrial Biowastes: From Engineering to Microbiology
    Keng ZX, Tan JJM, Phoon BL, Khoo CC, Khoiroh I, Chong S, et al.
    Bioengineering (Basel), 2023 Aug 07;10(8).
    PMID: 37627823 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080938
    This work demonstrated the feasibility of an industrial-scale aerated static pile composting system for treating one of the common biowastes-soybean curd residue. The mixing ratios of the feedstock were optimized to achieve a carbon-nitrogen ratio and a moisture level in the ranges of 25-35 and 60-70%, respectively. This open-air composting system required 6-7 months to obtain a mature compost. Solvita and seed germination tests further confirmed the maturity of the compost, with 25% compost extract concentration yielding the best germination index in the absence of phytotoxicity. The bacterial and fungal compositions of the compost piles were further examined with metagenomic analysis. Thermoactinomyces spp., Oceanobacillus spp., and Kroppenstedtia spp. were among the unique bacteria found, and Diutina rugosa, Thermomyces dupontii, and Candida taylorii were among the unique fungi found in the compost piles, suggesting the presence of good microorganisms for degrading the organic biowastes.
  18. Fulltext A study of COVID-19 vaccination in the US and Asia: The role of media, personal experiences, and risk perceptions
    Akel KB, Noppert GA, Rajamoorthy Y, Lu Y, Singh A, Harapan H, et al.
    PLOS Glob Public Health, 2022;2(7):e0000734.
    PMID: 36962371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000734
    The COVID-19 pandemic presents an opportunity to assess the relationship between personal experiences and vaccine decision-making. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between experiences with COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination status. We administered 28 repeated cross-sectional, online surveys between June 2020 and June 2021 in the US and Asia. The main exposure was media showing COVID-19 cases, and we distinguished those with no such experience, those seeing a not severe case of disease, and those seeing a severe case of disease. Logistic regression models estimated the association between experience and acceptance of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine (pre-rollout) or actual vaccination (post-rollout). We explored perceived susceptibility as a potential mediator. Intent to vaccinate was lowest in the US and Taiwan, and highest in India, Indonesia, and China. Across all countries, seeing a severe case of COVID-19 in the media was associated with 1.72 times higher odds of vaccination intent in 2020 (95% CI: 1.46, 2.02) and 2.13 times higher odds of vaccination in 2021 (95% CI: 1.70, 2.67), compared to those not seeing a case or a less severe case. Perceived susceptibility was estimated to mediate 25% of the relationship with hypothetical vaccination (95% CI: 18%, 31%, P<0.0001), and 16% of the relationship with actual vaccination 16% (95% CI: 12%, 19%, P<0.0001). Seriousness of experiences could relate to intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Media exposures are a modifiable experience, and this study highlights how this experience can relate to risk perceptions and eventual vaccination, across a variety of countries where the course of the pandemic differed.
  19. Continuous glucose monitoring results in lower HbA1c in Malaysian women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
    Paramasivam SS, Chinna K, Singh AKK, Ratnasingam J, Ibrahim L, Lim LL, et al.
    Diabet Med, 2018 08;35(8):1118-1129.
    PMID: 29663517 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13649
    AIMS: To determine if therapeutic, retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves HbA1c with less hypoglycaemia in women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

    METHODS: This prospective, randomized controlled, open-label trial evaluated 50 women with insulin-treated GDM randomized to either retrospective CGM (6-day sensor) at 28, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation (Group 1, CGM, n = 25) or usual antenatal care without CGM (Group 2, control, n = 25). All women performed seven-point capillary blood glucose (CBG) profiles at least 3 days per week and recorded hypoglycaemic events (symptomatic and asymptomatic CBG

  20. Fulltext Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Regenerative Potential and Challenges
    Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Sudhakar K, Kumari U, et al.
    Biology (Basel), 2021 Feb 25;10(3).
    PMID: 33668707 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030172
    Evidence suggests that stem cells exert regenerative potential via the release of extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (MSCEVs) offer therapeutic benefits for various pathophysiological ailments by restoring tissues. Facts suggest that MSCEV action can be potentiated by modifying the mesenchymal stem cells culturing methodology and bioengineering EVs. Limited clinical trials of MSCEVs have questioned their superiority, culturing quality, production scale-up and isolation, and administration format. Translation of preclinically successful MSCEVs into a clinical platform requires paying attention to several critical matters, such as the production technique, quantification/characterization, pharmacokinetics/targeting/transfer to the target site, and the safety profile. Keeping these issues as a priority, the present review was designed to highlight the challenges in translating preclinical MSCEV research into clinical platforms and provide evidence for the regenerative potential of MSCEVs in various conditions of the liver, kidney, heart, nervous system, bone, muscle, cartilage, and other organs/tissues.
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