MyMedR

Intracranial calcifications. I. X-ray appearances

Arumugasamy N

Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):140-8.

PMID: 4227385

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/radiography*

Geographical variation of the skull morphology of the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis)

Endo H, Cuisin J, Nadee N, Nabhitabhata J, Suyanto A, Kawamoto Y, et al.

J Vet Med Sci, 1999 Sep;61(9):1027-31.

PMID: 10535508

Geographical variation was examined morphologically in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) in some Indochinese and Malayan regions. Osteometrical examination and principal component analysis elucidated the morphological differences among various populations. The populations from southern and western Thailand were distinguished morphologically from the other populations. Variation in males from south Thailand and Kuala Lumpur suggests that the Isthmus of Kra may have an influence on the variation of skull morphology. However, the Isthmus of Kra was not completely considered as a factor of geographical separation in this species, because we could not confirm the separation in skull size and shape between the localities at least in females. While, the Kanchanaburi population in western Thailand was significantly smaller than the other population in skull size, and constituted the morphologically separable group in our study.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/anatomy & histology*

Topographical anatomy of asterion by an innovative technique using transillumination and skiagram

Srijit D, Rajesh S, Vijay K

Chin Med J (Engl), 2007 Oct 5;120(19):1724-6.

PMID: 17935679

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/anatomy & histology*

[Apparatus for deforming the head in Malaysia and Peru]

REICHLEN P

Concours Med, 1960 Oct 22;82:4863-6.

PMID: 13740463

Matched MeSH terms: Skull*

Pattern of head injury in motorcycle fatalities

Ong BB, Krishnan R, Lee P

JUMMEC, 2000;5:33-35.

Head injury contributes to a significant proportion of motorcycle fatalities. The site and pattern of head injury in victims of fatal motorcycle crashes in 1995 were studied retrospectively. The site of impact on the head was determined based on the injuries on the scalp, pattern of skull fractures and injuries of the brain. Of 54 cases, 9 had massive crush injuries. Of the remaining 45 cases, the site of impact was as follows: frontal 21, lateral 14, posterior 4, vertex 1, chin 1 and unascertainable in 4 cases. The majority of injuries occurred on the front and lateral aspects of the skull. Motorcycle helmets are currently tested for impact energy attenuation and penetration test at the vertex. Helmet standards need to take into account site and nature of injury. KEYWORDS: Head injury, motorcycle fatalities, helmet standards.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull; Skull Fractures

Unilateral Zygomatic Complex Fracture - A Comparison Between Nonsurgical Treatment and Surgical Treatment

Ling XF, Yew CC, Mohd Nazri SB, Tew MM

J Craniofac Surg, 2021 Oct 01;32(7):e627-e630.

PMID: 33654041 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007603

BACKGROUND: Medical advances have enabled zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures to be treated by various approaches. This study aims to analyze the demographics and treatment outcomes of unilateral ZMC fractures, treated nonsurgically or surgically.

METHODS: This 5-year nonrandomized prospective study had included 65 cases of unilateral ZMC fractures from October 2014 until December 2019. Patients were treated and divided into nonsurgical and surgically treated group. Treatment outcomes in terms of step deformities, malar depression, diplopia, infraorbital hypoaesthesia, and mouth opening were evaluated up to six months post-trauma/intervention.

RESULTS: Road traffic accident (96.9%) was the main cause, with predominant male involvement (80%) and median age of 28 years. Significant improvements (P < 0.05) were observed for step deformities and malar depression among the surgically treated group at postoperative day 1 and week 1. Throughout the six months review, infraorbital hypoesthesia and diplopia showed no significant differences between both groups, (P > 0.05). Besides, all patients showed significant mouth opening improvement (P

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Fractures*

Skull-photograph superimposition: elucidating and resolving misinterpretations pertaining to methods and reliability

Jayaprakash PT

Int J Legal Med, 2023 Mar;137(2):379-381.

PMID: 36520208 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02931-w

Matched MeSH terms: Skull*

Fulltext Evaluation of the osteogenic potential of demineralized and decellularized bovine bone granules following implantation in rat calvaria critical-size defect model

Al Qabbani A, Rani KGA, AlKawas S, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Yap Abdullah A, Samsudin AR, et al.

PLoS One, 2023;18(12):e0294291.

PMID: 38127838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294291

The aim of this study was to compare the ability of demineralized (DMB) and decellularized (DCC) bovine bone granules to support bone regeneration in rat calvaria critical-size defects. DMB and DCC were prepared using a previously published method. The granule size used ranged between 500 and 750 μm. A total of forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (n = 24). A pair of 5 mm diameter defects were created on the calvaria of the rats in the right and left parietal bone in both groups. Group A animals received DMB granules and Group B received DCC granules in the right parietal defect side while the left parietal untreated defect acted as sham surgery for both groups. Four animals per group were euthanized in a CO2 chamber at day 7, 14 and 21 post-surgery and the calvaria implantation site biopsy harvested was subjected to osteogenic gene expression analysis. Another four animals per group were euthanized at days 15, 30 and 60 post surgery and the calvaria implantation site biopsy harvested was subjected to histological, immunohistochemistry, RAMAN spectroscopy and Micro-CT analysis at the mentioned time points. Statistical analysis was conducted using t-tests and ANOVA. Histomorphometry showed significantly higher new bone formation in the DCC sites (p<0.05) compared to DMB. Both DMB and DCC implantation sites showed distinct staining for osteocalcin and osteopontin proteins compared to their respective sham sites. By day 21 after implantation, DCC sites demonstrated significantly elevated mRNA levels of osteonectin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001), osteocalcin (p<0.0001), ALP (p<0.01), and BMP-2 (p<0.001) compared to DMB. However, VEGF expression showed no significant differences at this time point between the two groups. Micro-CT analysis also showed enhanced defect closure and higher bone density in DCC implanted sites while RAMAN spectra demonstrated increased abundance of collagen and bone minerals, especially, PO43- ions than DMB. In conclusion, both DMB and DCC granules demonstrated favorable osteogenic potential in critical-sized defects, with DCC exhibited superior osteoconductive, osteoinductive and osteogenesis properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/pathology

Fulltext Tuberculosis of the skull mimicking multiple myeloma

Pan KL, Zulkarnaen M

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):197-8.

PMID: 25500853 MyJurnal

There is a resurgence of tuberculosis globally but lesions affecting the skull are rare. Cases reported are of single, focal lesions as seen on plain x-rays. We report a 34 yearold patient with tuberculosis of the skull where multiple punched out lesions are seen, mimicking that of multiple myeloma.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull

Fulltext Superselective embolisation for control of intractable epistaxis from maxillary artery injury

Singam P, Thanabalan J, Mohammed Z

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2011 01 01;7(1):e3.

PMID: 21655112 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.7.1.e3

Traumatic intractable epistaxis following fractures of the facial and base of skull rarely may be life-threatening. Common sites of injury are the internal carotid and maxillary artery. When conventional methods of arresting haemorrhage fail, the choices are then an open arterial ligation or superselective embolisation. This paper presents a patient with life-threatening epistaxis from a Le Fort type II fracture. Angiography revealed a maxillary artery injury in which superselective embolisation was performed and the haemorrhage was successfully arrested. A literature review of this technique is discussed, including its advantages and the relationship of the internal maxillary artery to facial fractures.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Base

Fulltext Head injury with temporal bone fracture: one year review of case incidence, causes, clinical features and outcome

Amin Z, Sayuti R, Kahairi A, Islah W, Ahmad R

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):373-6.

PMID: 19803293 MyJurnal

To investigate the case incidence, causes, clinical profile and outcome of temporal bone fracture complicating head trauma. A 1-year (2005) retrospective study of head injured patients presented to the Emergency Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Gender distribution, cause of injury, radiological findings and otorhinolaryngological clinical presentations were analyzed. Of 1309 patients, 61 patients were diagnosed to have temporal bone fracture (4.7%). Majority of cases were caused by motor vehicle accident (85.9%) and were predominantly male (88.5%). The right temporal bone was more frequently fractured (62.3%). Most (88.5%) were petro-mastoid fractures. Sixty-seven percent of the petrous fractures were longitudinal type. Clinical presentations mostly reported were blood rhinorrhea (36%) and blood otorrhea (32.7%). Other clinical presentations were hearing loss (9.8%), cranial nerve palsy (8.2%), cerebrospinal fluid oto-rhinorrhea (8.2%) and labyrinth concussion (6.5%). Four out of five cranial nerve palsies were facial nerve. Out of the 61 cases, 16 (26.2%) had no clinical presentation at the time of Emergency Department consultation. Thirteen (21.3%) died due to severe head injury. The case incidence of temporal bone fracture in head injured patients in our centre is 4.7%. The petro-mastoid type fracture predominates. Proper early diagnosis and management minimize complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Fractures/diagnosis; Skull Fractures/epidemiology*; Skull Fractures/therapy

Use of bovine xenograft in reconstruction of traumatic anterior cranial fossa bone defects involving the frontal sinus

Abdullah J, Rushdan A, Hamzah M, Ariff AR, Rani A

Ann. Transplant., 1999;4(3-4):28-31.

PMID: 10853777

Four patients underwent reconstruction of anterior cranial fossa of skull defects between November 1997 and January 1998. All of them had traumatic anterior cranial fossa defect and were reconstructed with lyophilised bovine cortical bone graft. There was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, meningitis, extradural abscess or other infections. This study demonstrates that the use of bovine bone graft in the reconstruction of anterior base defects is safe.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Base/injuries; Skull Base/radiography; Skull Base/surgery*

Fenestrated Falx Cerebri and Additional Sinuses in the Tentorium Cerebelli

Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK

J Craniofac Surg, 2020 Sep;31(6):e585-e586.

PMID: 32502106 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006604

Morphological variations of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli are extremely rare. The authors report an extremely rare type of combined variation of falx cerebri and dural venous sinuses in the tentorium cerebelli. During the removal of the brain from cranial cavity, it was noted that the anterior part of the falx cerebri had fenestrations and it looked like a mesh. There was no associated variations of medial surface of cerebrum. Further, there were unusual sinuses within the tentorium cerebelli. Two of them were present in the right half of the tentorium cerebelli and one in the left half of the tentorium cerebelli. There variations could be of importance to radiologists and neurosurgeons. The fenestrations of falx cerebri might lead to misinterpretations in cases of head injuries and the additional sinuses in the tentorium cerebelli might cause unexpected bleeding during surgeries of posterior cranial fossa.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull

Fulltext Dimensional accuracy of the skull models produced by rapid prototyping technology using stereolithography apparatus

Nizam, A., Gopal, R.N., Naing, L., Hakim, A.B., Samsudin, A.R.

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):60-66.

MyJurnal

The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensional accuracy of the skull models produced by Rapid prototyping technology using stereolithography apparatus. Computed tomography images were captured from four dry normal adult human skulls. The resultant 2-D images were stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. The segmentation of the images was prepared in MIMICS software. The slice files were then exported to a stereolithography apparatus (SLA) to produce the replica of each skull. Eight linear measurements were repeatedly made between identified landmarks on each of the original skull and its replica model using an electronic digital calliper. Each of the linear measurements was repeated 5 times and the average was taken to determine the absolute difference and percent difference between the original skull and its replica model. The overall absolute difference between the four human adult skulls and its replica models was 0.23 mm with a standard deviation of 1.37 mm. The percent difference was 0.08% with a standard deviation of 1.25%. The degree of error established by this system seems affordable in clinical applications when these models are used in the field of dental surgery for surgical treatment planning.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull

Fulltext Solitary osteochondroma in the body of the pubic bone: a cadaveric case report

Nayak SB, Kumar N, Sirasanagandla SR, Srinivas SP, Pamidi N, Shetty SD

Anat Cell Biol, 2018 Jun;51(2):136-138.

PMID: 29984059 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2018.51.2.136

Osteochondromas develop as cartilaginous nodules in the periosteum of bones. They are the commonest benign tumors of the skeleton, generally observed in the long bones. Rarely, they are also found in the axial skeleton, flat bones of skull and facial bones. During a regular dissection, we came across a solitary osteochondroma in posterior surface of the body of the right pubic bone. Histopathology of the bony projection confirmed the typical features of the osteochondroma. The symptomatic osteochondromas are usually evaluated during radiographic examination. Though, the observed osteochondroma is relatively smaller its unusual location is remarkable and knowledge of occurrence of such nodules is clinically important during the diagnosis and planning of treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull

Inexpensive home-assembled human skull model for training and learning the peribulbar block technique

Chua AW, Chua MJ, Harrisberg BP, Kumar CM

Anaesth Intensive Care, 2022 09;50(5):400-402.

PMID: 36076352 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X211063892

Matched MeSH terms: Skull

Fulltext Verrucous carcinoma of maxillary antrum

Indudharan R, Das PK, Thida T

Singapore Med J, 1996 Oct;37(5):559-61.

PMID: 9046219

Verrucous carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses is a rare malignant tumour. It occurs most frequently in the oral cavity and larynx. We present a case of extensive verrucous carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. This paper discusses the clinical and histological features and modes of treatment. All previous reports of verrucous carcinoma cases of paranasal sinuses are reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Skull Neoplasms/pathology; Skull Neoplasms/therapy

Fulltext The impact of cranioplasty on cerebral blood flow and its correlation with clinical outcome in patients underwent decompressive craniectomy

Mah JK, Kass RA

Asian J Neurosurg, 2016 Jan-Mar;11(1):15-21.

PMID: 26889273 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.172593

Decompressive craniectomy is commonly use as the treatment for medically refractory intracranial hypertension. Unexpected improvement in patient's neurological status has been observed among patients that underwent cranioplasty. Restoration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) hemodynamics is one of the contributing factors. This study was conducted to determine the impact of cranioplasty on CBF and its correlation with clinical outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull

Conceptual transitions in methods of skull-photo superimposition that impact the reliability of identification: a review

Jayaprakash PT

Forensic Sci Int, 2015 Jan;246:110-21.

PMID: 25498986 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.043

Establishing identification during skull-photo superimposition relies on correlating the salient morphological features of an unidentified skull with those of a face-image of a suspected dead individual using image overlay processes. Technical progression in the process of overlay has included the incorporation of video cameras, image-mixing devices and software that enables real-time vision-mixing. Conceptual transitions occur in the superimposition methods that involve 'life-size' images, that achieve orientation of the skull to the posture of the face in the photograph and that assess the extent of match. A recent report on the reliability of identification using the superimposition method adopted the currently prevalent methods and suggested an increased rate of failures when skulls were compared with related and unrelated face images. The reported reduction in the reliability of the superimposition method prompted a review of the transition in the concepts that are involved in skull-photo superimposition. The prevalent popular methods for visualizing the superimposed images at less than 'life-size', overlaying skull-face images by relying on the cranial and facial landmarks in the frontal plane when orienting the skull for matching and evaluating the match on a morphological basis by relying on mix-mode alone are the major departures in the methodology that may have reduced the identification reliability. The need to reassess the reliability of the method that incorporates the concepts which have been considered appropriate by the practitioners is stressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/anatomy & histology*

Revision of the genus Leopoldamys (Rodentia, Muridae) as inferred from morphological and molecular data, with a special emphasis on the species composition in continental Indochina

Balakirev AE, Abramov AV, Rozhnov VV

Zootaxa, 2013;3640:521-49.

PMID: 26000434

A revision of the genus Leopoldamys is presented, and both the species composition and distribution in Indochina and Sundaic regions is reinvestigated. The phylogeny of the genus is recovered based on Cyt b, COI, and IRBP gene analyses. Five basal and 16 secondary monophyletic phylogenetic lineages were identified. A taxonomic reassessment of the continental and Sundaic populations is performed based on morphological verification of the genetically defined clades. Six clades were recovered in the phylogenetic analyses and correspond to morphologically defined species: L. revertens (distributed in lowlands of eastern and central Indochina), L. herberti (western and central Indochina, northward to northern Vietnam), L. edwardsi (China and northern Vietnam, northward of 21 degrees N), L. milleti (endemic of Dalat Plateau, southern Vietnam), L. sabanus (Borneo), and L. vociferans (lowlands of the Malacca Peninsula, northward to southwestern Thailand). The absence of proper L. sabanus in continental Indochina is revealed. The substitute name for the species known from the majority of Indochina under the name of L. sabanus should be L. revertens. The name L. neilli, which has been ascribed to populations from Thailand and Vietnam, is a junior synonym of L. herberti. Two related but rather divergent clades are found in Sumatra and the Malacca Peninsula. Based on their considerable genetic distances, these forms should be regarded as separate species from the L. sabanus type-bearing populations of Borneo, or as the members of L. sabanus polytypic superspecies. The substitute name for the lineage-bearing taxon from Malacca should be L. vociferans. The continental populations of Leopoldamys can be distinguished from each other by external and cranial characters and may be subdivided into four species. Two of these species (L. revertens and L. milleti) are well distinguished by external and cranial morphology, whereas the other two species (L. herberti and L. edwardsi) may be treated as sibling species that are difficult to distinguish based on morphological characters.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/anatomy & histology

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