MyMedR

Depressed skull fracture in a newborn successfully managed conservatively: a case report

Lim CT, Koh MT, Sivanesaratnam V

Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1991 Sep;17(3):227-9.

PMID: 1953432

A preterm baby was born to a multiparous mother by emergency caesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation. Apart from a depression on the right temporo-parietal region measuring 3 cm x 3 cm x 0.5 cm, no other abnormality was noted. A CT scan of the brain excluded the presence of intracranial haematoma and pressure effect on the brain. Spontaneous reduction of the fracture without any adverse neurological sequelae suggests that these fractures can be managed conservatively in some instances.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Fractures/etiology; Skull Fractures/radiography; Skull Fractures/therapy*

Fulltext Zoogeographical barriers causing discontinuous osteometrical variations in the northern treeshrew skulls

Endo H, Nguyen TS, Nguyen DD, Sasaki M, Kimura J, Oshida T, et al.

J Vet Med Sci, 2021 Oct 02;83(10):1534-1544.

PMID: 34380913 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0322

Morphological variation of the skull was examined in the northern treeshrew (Tupaia belangeri) from various localities across Southeast Asia. Through a multivariate analysis, the treeshrews from South Vietnam exhibited distinct morphological characteristics compared to other populations from Thailand and Laos, and Malaysia. The plots of the specimens of North Vietnam are not randomly mixed with Thailand plots segregation in the scatteregrams of canonical discriminant analysis. Since the skulls of the population from North Vietnam were morphologically similar to those form central Laos and northern and northeastern Thailand, the zoogeographical barrier effect of Mekong River was not clearly confirmed. The population of the Kanchanaburi in western Thailand is clearly smaller in size compared to the other populations. The southern border of the distribution of this species is determined by the Isthmus of Kra or Kangar-Pattani Line. In the northern treeshrew, which is distributed from southern China to Bangladesh and southern Thailand, we have detected osteometrical geographical variation driven by geography. These results indicate that the skull morphology in the Tupaia glis-belangeri complex distinctively differs in South Vietnam, western Thailand, and southern Thailand. The zoogeographical barrier and factor separating these districts are expected to clarify in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull*

A descriptive and comparative neurocranium morphology of Anguilliformes fishes in Taiwan waters

Ramos-Castro M, Loh KH, Chen HM

Zootaxa, 2021 Aug 20;5023(4):509-536.

PMID: 34810950 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5023.4.3

Taiwan is one of the richest in the world in terms of eel fauna. In this study, we examined the osteological and morphological characteristics of eels under order Anguilliformes. Furthermore, we focused on the neurocranium of total of 30 Anguilliformes fishes under family Congridae (10), Muraenesocidae (1), Muraenidae (7), Nemichthyidae (1), Nettastomatidae (2), Ophichthidae (5), Synaphobranchidae (4), which are caught in Taiwanese waters. This paper shows the results of a comparative study on osteological characters of the neurocranium including the ratio of seven length characters using its NCL (neurocranium length), NCW (neurocranium width), OBL (orbit length), MFW (maximum frontal width), NCDB (neurocranium depth at basisphenoid), PEVW (premaxilla-ethmovomer width) and mPOBL (mid pre-orbital length), and 20 morphological diagnostic characters for 30 eel species. Results shows that species under family Nemichthyidae and Nettastomatidae have the highest values on the ratio of NCL/MFW, NCL/NCDB, and NCW/mPOBD. In morphological characters, it shows that species of the same family mostly share similar formation of the PEV plate and frontal structure. The usage of the length measurements and morphological diagnostic characters of neurocranium allowed for a more in depth understanding of how similar or different these eels can be. The neurocranial description and morphological characters may prove valuable for identification purposes and might be necessary tool for further studies on the status of order Anguilliformes.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull*

Fulltext Blunt force trauma to skull with various instruments

Sulaiman NA, Osman K, Hamzah NH, Amir SP

Malays J Pathol, 2014 Apr;36(1):33-9.

PMID: 24763233 MyJurnal

Deaths due to blunt force trauma to the head as a result of assault are some of the most common cases encountered by the practicing forensic pathologist. Previous studies have shown inflicting injury to the head region is one of the most effective methods of murder. The important factors that determine severity of trauma include the type of weapon used, type and site of skull fracture, intracranial haemorrhage and severity of brain injury. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of blunt force trauma to the skull produced by different instruments. Nine adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) skulls were used as models. Commonly found blunt objects comprising of Warrington hammer, hockey stick and open face helmet were used in this study. A machine calibrated force generator was used to hold the blunt object in place and to hit the skulls at forces of 12.5N and 25N. Resultant traumatic effects and fractures (linear, depressed, basilar, comminuted, and distastic) were analyzed according to type of blunt object used; surface area of contact and absolute force (N/cm(2)) delivered. Results showed that all investigated instruments were capable of producing similar injuries. The severity of trauma was not related to the surface area of contact with the blunt objects. However, only high absolute forces produced comminuted fractures. These findings were observational, as the samples were too small for statistical conclusions.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/injuries*; Skull/radiography; Skull Fractures/etiology; Skull Fractures/pathology*; Skull Fractures/radiography

Three-dimensional anatomical accuracy of cranial models created by rapid prototyping techniques validated using a neuronavigation station

Waran V, Devaraj P, Hari Chandran T, Muthusamy KA, Rathinam AK, Balakrishnan YK, et al.

J Clin Neurosci, 2012 Apr;19(4):574-7.

PMID: 22305869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.07.031

In neurosurgery and ear, nose and throat surgery the application of computerised navigation systems for guiding operations has been expanding rapidly. However, suitable models to train surgeons in using navigation systems are not yet available. We have developed a technique using an industrial, rapid prototyping process from which accurate spatial models of the cranium, its contents and pathology can be reproduced for teaching. We were able to register, validate and navigate using these models with common available navigation systems such as the Medtronic StealthStation S7®.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/anatomy & histology*; Skull/surgery*

Anterolateral corridor approach to the infratemporal fossa and central skull base in maxillectomy: rationale and technical aspects

McMahon JD, Crowther J, Taylor WM, Wong LS, Paterson T, Devine J, et al.

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2015 Nov;53(9):814-9.

PMID: 26212419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.06.006

We describe the technical aspects and report our clinical experience of a surgical approach to the infratemporal fossa that aims to reduce local recurrence after operations for cancer of the posterior maxilla. We tested the technique by operating on 3 cadavers and then used the approach in 16 patients who had posterolateral maxillectomy for disease that arose on the maxillary alveolus or junction of the hard and soft palate (maxillary group), and in 19 who had resection of the masticatory compartment and central skull base for advanced sinonasal cancer (sinonasal group). Early proximal ligation of the maxillary artery was achieved in all but one of the 35 patients. Access to the infratemporal fossa enabled division of the pterygoid muscles and pterygoid processes under direct vision in all cases. No patient in the maxillary group had local recurrence at median follow up of 36 months. Four patients (21%) in the sinonasal group had local recurrence at median follow up of 27 months. Secondary haemorrhage from the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery resulted in the only perioperative death. The anterolateral corridor approach enables controlled resection of tumours that extend into the masticatory compartment.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Base/surgery*; Skull Base Neoplasms

A Cost-Effective Delivery System for FloSeal During Endoscopic and Microscopic Brain Surgery

Brand Y, Narayanan V, Prepageran N, Waran V

World Neurosurg, 2016 Jun;90:492-495.

PMID: 26987637 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.03.018

OBJECTIVE: To share our experience with a new delivery system for the flowable hemostatic matrix, FloSeal, in endoscopic and microscopic skull base surgery.

METHODS: We prospectively analyzed the use of FloSeal with a hemostatic delivery system in transnasal endoscopic and microscopic skull base procedures performed at the authors' institution from January 1, 2015, to June 30, 2015. In all cases the number of aliquots was noted for the entire operation, and the total number of FloSeal ampules of 5 mL was also recorded.

RESULTS: Our device allowed controlled application of small amounts (0.5-1 mL) of FloSeal to the site of bleeding. This controlled application resulted not only in increased visibility during its application, but it also reduced the amount of FloSeal required during the procedure. We were able to use 5-10 applications per 5-mL ampule of FloSeal within an individual procedure. No procedure required more than one 5-mL ampule of FloSeal. Therefore, the use of our device results in a reduction of costs. Prior to the use of our device, we were often only able to use 1 vial of 5 ml of material for 1 or 2 applications, especially in transnasal endoscopic procedures when working along a deep corridor.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that our delivery device of FlowSeal can effectively control hemostasis by applying small amounts of FlowSeal to the site of bleeding. This results in increased visibility during hemostasis and a reduction of cost.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Base

Fulltext Determining the Validity Of Furue's Method Of Craniofacial Superimposition For Identification

Scully, B., Nambiar, P.

Ann Dent, 2002;9(1):-.

MyJurnal

Craniofacial superimposition methods are employed for the identification of unknown skulls or living persons. There are many such methods and of particular interest is that technique developed by Furue which is inexpensive to set-up. A study was undertaken to ascertain the validity of this technique and to correlate our findings with other researchers.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism: a case report

Khong CC

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Jun;29(4):302-8.

PMID: 1196179

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/radiography

Gaudio D, Olivieri L, De Angelis D, Poppa P, Galassi A, Cattaneo C. Reliability of craniofacial superimposition using three-dimension skull model. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61(1):5-11

Jayaprakash PT, Hadi H, Srinivasan A, Chellamuthu P, Abd Aziz Mohd Yusop R, Hashim N

J Forensic Sci, 2016 09;61(5):1390-3.

PMID: 27621069 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13187

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/anatomy & histology*

Practical relevance of pattern uniqueness in forensic science

Jayaprakash PT

Forensic Sci Int, 2013 Sep 10;231(1-3):403.e1-16.

PMID: 23849815 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.05.028

Uniqueness being unprovable, it has recently been argued that individualization in forensic science is irrelevant and, probability, as applied for DNA profiles, should be applied for all identifications. Critiques against uniqueness have omitted physical matching, a realistic and tangible individualization that supports uniqueness. Describing case examples illustrating pattern matches including physical matching, it is indicated that individualizations are practically relevant for forensic science as they establish facts on a definitive basis providing firm leads benefitting criminal investigation. As a tenet of forensic identification, uniqueness forms a fundamental paradigm relevant for individualization. Evidence on the indeterministic and stochastic causal pathways of characteristics in patterns available in the related fields of science sufficiently supports the proposition of uniqueness. Characteristics involved in physical matching and matching achieved in patterned evidence existing in the state of nature are not events amenable for counting; instead these are ensemble of visible units occupying the entire pattern area stretching the probability of re-occurrence of a verisimilitude pattern into infinity offering epistemic support to uniqueness. Observational methods are as respectable as instrumental or statistical methods since they are capable of generating results that are tangible and obviously valid as in physical matching. Applying the probabilistic interpretation used for DNA profiles to the other patterns would be unbefitting since these two are disparate, the causal pathways of the events, the loci, in the manipulated DNA profiles being determinable. While uniqueness enables individualizations, it does not vouch for eliminating errors. Instead of dismissing uniqueness and individualization, accepting errors as human or system failures and seeking remedial measures would benefit forensic science practice and criminal investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/abnormalities; Skull/radiography

The utilization of cranial models created using rapid prototyping techniques in the development of models for navigation training

Waran V, Pancharatnam D, Thambinayagam HC, Raman R, Rathinam AK, Balakrishnan YK, et al.

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg, 2014 Jan;75(1):12-5.

PMID: 23315670 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330960

Navigation in neurosurgery has expanded rapidly; however, suitable models to train end users to use the myriad software and hardware that come with these systems are lacking. Utilizing three-dimensional (3D) industrial rapid prototyping processes, we have been able to create models using actual computed tomography (CT) data from patients with pathology and use these models to simulate a variety of commonly performed neurosurgical procedures with navigation systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/radiography; Skull/surgery*

Fully Endoscopic Resection of Frontal Osteomas

Yousef W, Najibullah M, Shabbir Z, Shamo S, Azab WA

Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg, 2024;52:253-257.

PMID: 39017799 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61925-0_18

BACKGROUND: Osteomas are the most common primary bone tumors of the calvaria, with an incidence of less than 0.5%. In skull vault osteomas, the exostotic form that grows from the outer table is more common than the enostotic ones which arise from the inner table and grow intracranially. Osteomas of the forehead are very noticeable and disfiguring; patients usually seek medical advice for cosmetic reasons. Forehead osteomas were traditionally excised via either a direct incision over the lesion using the naturally occurring creases or a conventional bicoronal flap. More recently, endoscopic approaches for excision of forehead osteomas were introduced. The results were very encouraging and the technique was adopted by many groups worldwide yet with many technical variations. In this chapter we elaborate on the surgical technique and nuances of the fully endoscopic resection of frontal osteomas.

METHODS: From a prospective database of endoscopic procedures maintained by the senior author, clinical data, imaging studies, operative charts, and videos of cases of forehead osteomas were retrieved and analyzed. The pertinent literature was also reviewed.

RESULTS: The surgical technique of the fully endoscopic resection of frontal osteomas was formulated.

CONCLUSION: The endoscopic technique has many advantages over the conventional procedures. In our hands, the technique has proven to be less time-consuming, efficient, and minimally invasive with excellent cosmetic results.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Neoplasms/pathology; Skull Neoplasms/surgery

A preliminary study of using active vision guided robotic arm for bone drilling in a developing country

Abdullah MZ, Awang MS, Tan YC, Abdullah JM

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg, 2014 Mar;75(2):155-7.

PMID: 23636911 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330954

The study assesses the capability and accuracy of a robotic arm to perform burr holes.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/surgery*

Fulltext Inflammatory pseudotumour of skull base - diagnostic challenge and treatment outcome

Kahairi A, Ahmad RL, Wan Ishlah L, Norra H

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Oct;67(5):526-8.

PMID: 23770873

We report a case of an inflammatory pseudotumour (IP) involving the floor of the skull base, which demonstrated aggressive behavior both clinically and radiologically. In this case, the diagnosis was established by clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histopathological examination (HPE) and the dramatic response towards high dose steroid therapy. The clinical features improved with oral cyclophosphamide in combination with oral steroid, which were given for a period of three months.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Base*

Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele with colpocephaly: case report and clinical review

Bhattacharjee A, Chakraborty A, Purkaystha P

J Laryngol Otol, 2008 Mar;122(3):321-3.

PMID: 17666141

Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele is a rare congenital disease in which an intracranial mass protrudes through a midline defect from the anterior cranial fossa into the facial skeleton. The condition affects patients in South East Asian countries, such as Thailand, Burma, Malaysia and Indonesia, with frequency of 1 in 5000. The pathogenesis of encephalocoeles may be regarded as a 'late' neurulation defect during the fourth gestational week. We present a case of frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele with corpus callosal agenesis and colpocephaly; this may well be the first report of this combination. The patient had a bulging mass in the middle frontonasal area, with broadening of the nasal bridge and hypertelorism. Computed tomography scans delineated the skull defect and associated brain anomalies. A one-stage, combined transfacial-transcranial approach, correctional procedure was performed. We present here a discussion of the findings, with special reference to the condition's pathogenesis, morphological classification and evolving surgical treatments. Early diagnosis and referral, involving multidisciplinary teamwork, are of paramount importance because of the distorting influence of the extruding mass on facial growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Base*

Fulltext Craniofacial reconstruction using rational cubic ball curves

Majeed A, Mt Piah AR, Gobithaasan RU, Yahya ZR

PLoS One, 2015;10(4):e0122854.

PMID: 25880632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122854

This paper proposes the reconstruction of craniofacial fracture using rational cubic Ball curve. The idea of choosing Ball curve is based on its robustness of computing efficiency over Bezier curve. The main steps are conversion of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (Dicom) images to binary images, boundary extraction and corner point detection, Ball curve fitting with genetic algorithm and final solution conversion to Dicom format. The last section illustrates a real case of craniofacial reconstruction using the proposed method which clearly indicates the applicability of this method. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) has also been developed for practical application.

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/surgery*

"Charm needles"

Oon CL

Med J Malaysia, 1973 May;27(3):231-2.

PMID: 4270065

Matched MeSH terms: Skull/radiography*

Craniocerebral injuries

Krieger AJ

Med J Malaysia, 1976 Jun;30(4):312-5.

PMID: 979735

Matched MeSH terms: Skull Fractures*

Cebocephaly--a case report