MyMedR

Displaying all 4 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext A Case Report of Dengue-Associated Maculopathy With Literature Review

Govinda Raju D, Ramli N, Ramayaj R

Cureus, 2023 Mar;15(3):e35937.
PMID: 37038576 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35937

We report a case of dengue-associated maculopathy in a healthy adult. A 31-year-old lady with dengue fever presented with both eye sudden, painless blurry vision in the left eye. On examination, the best-corrected visual acuity was 6/18 in her right eye and 2/60 in her left eye. Anterior segment examination was unremarkable. Fundi showed bilateral macula edema with cotton wool spots. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) macula scan was suggestive of bilateral macula edema, with higher severity in the left eye. She was started on intravenous methylprednisolone 500mg once daily for three days. Upon completion of steroids, her right eye visual acuity improved to 6/6 however her left eye vision worsened to 3/60 after six months. Her OCT six months later showed resolved macula edema on both eyes. Ocular manifestation associated with dengue fever is rare but may result in permanent visual impairment. The use of high-dose steroids helps in improving visual acuity.
Incidence and Predictive Risk Factors for Post-Cataract Surgery Endophthalmitis in Ministry of Health Hospitals from 2012 to 2020

Govinda Raju D, Ramli N, Salowi MA

Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 2024 Aug;31(4):342-348.
PMID: 37899640 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2273504

PURPOSE: Postoperative endophthalmitis is a devastating complication, leading to poor visual prognosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, risk factors, and visual outcome of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis in Malaysia over a 9-year period (2012-2020).
METHODS: Data from National Eye Database (NED), involving all patients who have undergone cataract surgery from January 2012 until December 2020 were analyzed.
RESULTS: Total number of patients who had undergone cataract surgery between the year 2012 till 2020 were 231,281 patients (267,781 eyes). Incidence of POE in this population was 0.08%. Patient aged 70 and above (p-value 0.047), Malay ethnicity (p-value: 0.009), presence of ischemic heart disease, renal failure, diabetic retinopathy, and poorer preoperative vision were shown to have a higher risk of POE. Cataract surgeries done in KK-KKM, duration more than 45 minutes, use of general anaesthesia, and no IOL or ACIOL implantation were significantly more in POE patients. Multivariate analysis revealed Malay ethnicity, presence of ocular comorbidity, poor preoperative vision, ACIOL, and presence of intra-operative complication were predictive factors for POE.
CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of POE is low in the Malaysian population. Surgeons have to be aware that Malay ethnicity, presence of ocular comorbidity, poor preoperative visual acuity, placement of IOL and complicated cataract operation have higher risk of POE.
Fulltext Image-based phenotyping of seed architectural traits and prediction of seed weight using machine learning models in soybean

Duc NT, Ramlal A, Rajendran A, Raju D, Lal SK, Kumar S, et al.

Front Plant Sci, 2023;14:1206357.
PMID: 37771485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206357

Among seed attributes, weight is one of the main factors determining the soybean harvest index. Recently, the focus of soybean breeding has shifted to improving seed size and weight for crop optimization in terms of seed and oil yield. With recent technological advancements, there is an increasing application of imaging sensors that provide simple, real-time, non-destructive, and inexpensive image data for rapid image-based prediction of seed traits in plant breeding programs. The present work is related to digital image analysis of seed traits for the prediction of hundred-seed weight (HSW) in soybean. The image-based seed architectural traits (i-traits) measured were area size (AS), perimeter length (PL), length (L), width (W), length-to-width ratio (LWR), intersection of length and width (IS), seed circularity (CS), and distance between IS and CG (DS). The phenotypic investigation revealed significant genetic variability among 164 soybean genotypes for both i-traits and manually measured seed weight. Seven popular machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), LASSO Regression (LR), Ridge Regression (RR), and Elastic Net Regression (EN), were used to create models that can predict the weight of soybean seeds based on the image-based novel features derived from the Red-Green-Blue (RGB)/visual image. Among the models, random forest and multiple linear regression models that use multiple explanatory variables related to seed size traits (AS, L, W, and DS) were identified as the best models for predicting seed weight with the highest prediction accuracy (coefficient of determination, R2=0.98 and 0.94, respectively) and the lowest prediction error, i.e., root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Finally, principal components analysis (PCA) and a hierarchical clustering approach were used to identify IC538070 as a superior genotype with a larger seed size and weight. The identified donors/traits can potentially be used in soybean improvement programs.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone oral films of enrofloxacin: film characterization and drug release

Kumar GP, Phani AR, Prasad RG, Sanganal JS, Manali N, Gupta R, et al.

Int J Pharm, 2014 Aug 25;471(1-2):146-52.
PMID: 24858388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.033

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone derivative used for treating urinary tract, respiratory and skin infections in animals. However, low solubility and low bioavailability prevented it from using on humans. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is an inert, non toxic polymer with excellent hydrophilic properties, besides it can enhance bioavailability by forming drug polymer conjugates. With the aim of increasing solubility and bioavailability, enrofloxacin thin films were prepared using PVP as a polymer matrix. The obtained oral thin films exhibited excellent uniformity and mechanical properties. Swelling properties of the oral thin films revealed that the water uptake was enhanced by 21%. The surface pH has been found to be 6.8±0.1 indicating that these films will not cause any irritation to oral mucosa. FTIR data of the oral thin films indicated physical interaction between drug and polymer. SEM analysis revealed uniform distribution of drug in polymer matrix. In vitro drug release profiles showed enhanced release profiles (which are also pH dependant) for thin films compared to pure drug. Antibacterial activity was found to be dose dependent and maximum susceptibility was found on Klebsiella pneumonia making this preparation more suitable for respiratory infections.