Centella asiatica has a reputation to restore declining cognitive function in traditional medicine. To date, only a few compounds that show enhancing learning and memory properties are available. Therefore, the present study investigates the effects of for acute administration of asiatic acid (A-A) isolated from Centella asiatica administration on memory and learning in male Spraque-Dawley rats.
The asiatic acid, a triterpenoids isolated from Centella asiatica was used to delineate its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) properties, excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP) and locomotor activity. This study is consistent with asiatic acid having an effect on AChE, a selective GABA(B) receptor agonist and no sedative effect on locomotor.
We present a case report of a 45-year-old Malay female prison officer with a diagnosis of lateral patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis (OA) in her right knee for whom conservative treatment failed. She was periodically followed up for the unresolving anterior right knee pain, and the patient was offered interpositional PFJ arthroplasty with the quadriceps tendon. A novel technique of interpositional PFJ arthroplasty using lateral inner section ipsilateral quadriceps tendon was applied. The approach and surgical technique were described in this case report. The aim of this study is to describe why this technique was chosen, step by step with images on how interpositional PFJ arthroplasty is done and its satisfactory outcome following a three-month follow up.
Recurrent shoulder dislocation is a common orthopedic condition, but bilateral involvement is rare and presents unique challenges in management. The Latarjet procedure is an effective surgical technique that addresses instability by creating a bony block on the anterior glenoid rim. This case highlights the successful management of bilateral recurrent shoulder dislocation using the bilateral shoulder open Latarjet procedure and emphasizes the importance of early intervention in such cases.
A widely tunable low stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based multi-wavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser is presented. The fiber laser structure utilizes a pre-amplified Brillouin pump (BP) technique with 100 m of PCF and a tunable band-pass filter within a Fabry-Perot cavity. A total of 14 Brillouin Stokes lines can be tuned over 29 nm from 1540 nm to 1569 nm. The wide tunability was only limited by the bandwidth of the tunable band-pass filter. A constant channel spacing of 0.079 nm and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of more than 20 dB for each Brillouin Stokes lines were also observed.
Discal cysts are a rare diagnosis involving the formation of an intraspinal extradural cyst. They are a diagnostic challenge as it is difficult to differentiate discal cysts from other causes of back pain, neurological deficit, and radiculopathy. Due to its rarity, there is a lack of research-based evidence on the optimal management of the discal cyst. This case report aims to increase awareness of this diagnosis and to highlight a possible treatment option for this condition.
Management of shoulder dislocation can be challenging especially when glenoid bone fracture is involved. Bony Bankart lesion can be managed either through an open surgery or, of late, using arthroscopic technique. Arthroscopic bony Bankart repair is technically difficult, requiring specialized instruments to penetrate the bone fragment within the detached labrum. This case report describes an alternative way of doing an arthroscopic reattachment of an acute bony Bankart lesion using traction sutures, an accessory anteromedial portal and utilization of knotless anchors. A 44-year-old male technician was climbing a ladder when he slipped and fell directly on his left shoulder. Imaging revealed bony Bankart fracture with presence of ipsilateral greater tuberosity (GT) fracture and a Hill-Sachs lesion. In a right lateral position, arthroscopic reduction of the bony fragment was performed utilizing a Fibrewire® (Arthrex, Inc., Naples, FL, USA) suture as traction apparatus while securing the upper and lower tissue enveloping the bony Bankart fragment. An accessory portal was made lower down anteriorly to de-rotate the fragment, holding it in place while securing two Pushlock® (Arthrex, Inc.) anchors to the native glenoid. We then performed GT fixation using two cannulated screws. Check radiographs revealed acceptable reduction of the Bankart fragment. With careful case selection, arthroscopic repair of acute bony Bankart lesions is possible using special arthroscopic reduction maneuver and fixation technique with subsequent good outcome.
We present the case of a 32-year-old male patient with an intratendinous cyst of the supraspinatus tendon identified during shoulder arthroscopy. The patient presented with right shoulder pain, worsened by shoulder flexion and abduction, after playing darts. There was no history of trauma. Initial clinical examination revealed only slightly reduced subscapularis muscle strength and tenderness over the long head of the biceps tendon. Magnetic resonance imaging showed subacromial impingement, a bursal side partial tear of the supraspinatus tendon, and subscapularis tendinosis. Despite physiotherapy, which resulted in a full shoulder range of motion and negative provocative tests, his symptoms persisted for two years. He subsequently underwent a diagnostic arthroscopy, subacromial decompression, and biceps tenodesis. Intra-operatively, an intratendinous cyst within the supraspinatus tendon was identified and debrided, explaining the persistence of his symptoms. Six months postoperatively, he maintained a full shoulder range of motion with complete resolution of symptoms.
Ethnic origin plays an important role in bone morphometry. Studies examining the influence of coracoid process have focused primarily on adults and have not included people from diverse Asian ethnic backgrounds. Our goal was to explore ethnic differences in morphometry of coracoid among Asian population. We performed morphometric measurements of coracoid process on cadaveric shoulders and shoulder CT scans from 118 specimens. The cadaveric sample included Indian (46%), Chinese (27%), and Myanmarese (27%) subjects, while the CT scans sample included Chinese (67%) and Malay (33%) subjects. The morphometric measurements were performed using digital caliper and software developed at Golden Horses Health Sanctuary (GHHS). In the Indian cadaveric shoulders, the coracoid process is better developed than the other groups with the exception of the tip width of coracoid process. There are significant differences in almost all measurements (P< 0.05) between the ethnic groups. On the other hand, the morphometry of coracoid process from CT scans data is bigger in Chinese than Malay subjects when stratified by sex (P< 0.05). Moreover, in all morphometric measurements, the females had smaller measurements than males (P< 0.05). Understanding such differences is important in anatomy, forensic and biological identity, and orthopaedic and shoulder surgeries.
Partial replacement of resident Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with introduced mosquitoes carrying certain strains of inherited Wolbachia symbionts can result in transmission blocking of dengue and other viruses of public health importance. Wolbachia strain wAlbB is an effective transmission blocker and stable at high temperatures, making it particularly suitable for hot tropical climates. Following trial field releases in Malaysia, releases using wAlbB Ae. aegypti have become operationalized by the Malaysian health authorities. We report here on an average reduction in dengue fever of 62.4% (confidence intervals 50-71%) in 20 releases sites when compared to 76 control sites in high-rise residential areas. Importantly the level of dengue reduction increased with Wolbachia frequency, with 75.8% reduction (61-87%) estimated at 100% Wolbachia frequency. These findings indicate large impacts of wAlbB Wolbachia invasions on dengue fever incidence in an operational setting, with incidence expected to further decrease as wider areas are invaded.