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Integrating cat boost algorithm with triangulating feature importance to predict survival outcome in recurrent cervical cancer

Geeitha S, Ravishankar K, Cho J, Easwaramoorthy SV

Sci Rep, 2024 Aug 27;14(1):19828.
PMID: 39191808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67562-0

Cervical cancer is one of the most dangerous malignancies in women. Prolonged survival times are made possible by breakthroughs in early recognition and efficient treatment of a disease.The existing methods are lagging on finding the important attributes to predict the survival outcome. The main objective of this study is to find individuals with cervical cancer who are at greater risk of death from recurrence by predicting the survival.A novel approach in a proposed technique is Triangulating feature importance to find the important risk factors through which the treatment may vary to improve the survival outcome.Five algorithms Support vector machine, Naive Bayes, supervised logistic regression, decision tree algorithm, Gradient boosting, and random forest are used to build the concept. Conventional attribute selection methods like information gain (IG), FCBF, and ReliefFare employed. The recommended classifier is evaluated for Precision, Recall, F1, Mathews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Classification Accuracy (CA), and Area under curve (AUC) using various methods. Gradient boosting algorithm (CAT BOOST) attains the highest accuracy value of 0.99 to predict survival outcome of recurrence cervical cancer patients. The proposed outcome of the research is to identify the important risk factors through which the survival outcome of the patients improved.
Fulltext Design and development of potential tissue engineering scaffolds from structurally different longitudinal parts of a bovine-femur

Pramanik S, Pingguan-Murphy B, Cho J, Abu Osman NA

Sci Rep, 2014 Jul 28;4:5843.
PMID: 25068570 DOI: 10.1038/srep05843

The complex architecture of the cortical part of the bovine-femur was examined to develop potential tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. Weight-change and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that significant phase transformation and morphology conversion of the bone occur at 500-750°C and 750-900°C, respectively. Another breakthrough finding was achieved by determining a sintering condition for the nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystal from bovine bone via XRD technique. Scanning electron microscopy results of morphological growth suggests that the concentration of polymer fibrils increases (or decreases, in case of apatite crystals) from the distal to proximal end of the femur. Energy-dispersive analysis of X-ray, Fourier transform infrared, micro-computer tomography, and mechanical studies of the actual composition also strongly support our microscopic results and firmly indicate the functionally graded material properties of bovine-femur. Bones sintered at 900 and 1000°C show potential properties for soft and hard TE applications, respectively.
A Low-Cost, Portable, and Mobile-Based Bioimpedance Lymphedema Diagnosis and Monitoring System (Mobilymph): A Validation Study

Syed Ibrahim SA, Ibrahim F, Taib NAM, Cho J

Lymphat Res Biol, 2023 Oct;21(5):463-468.
PMID: 37093011 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2022.0102

Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a debilitating chronic illness. Early management and prevention of disease progression rely on lymphedema monitoring and assessment. At present, lymphedema monitoring systems are costly and do not promote remote monitoring. Thus, a low-cost, portable, mobile-based bioimpedance lymphedema monitoring system (Mobilymph) was developed to ensure continuous lymphedema surveillance. Method and Results: Forty-five healthy and 100 BCRL participants were recruited in this study. Mobilymph bioimpedance measurement was validated with a Quadscan 4000 on healthy participants' arms. The interarm bioimpedance ratio was determined to evaluate the discriminatory capability of Mobilymph to detect BCRL. Mobilymph's bioimpedance results show no significant difference compared to Quadscan 4000. The interarm bioimpedance ratios were significantly different (p
Fulltext Application of wireless power transmission systems in wireless capsule endoscopy: an overview

Basar MR, Ahmad MY, Cho J, Ibrahim F

Sensors (Basel), 2014 Jun 19;14(6):10929-51.
PMID: 24949645 DOI: 10.3390/s140610929

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a promising technology for direct diagnosis of the entire small bowel to detect lethal diseases, including cancer and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). To improve the quality of diagnosis, some vital specifications of WCE such as image resolution, frame rate and working time need to be improved. Additionally, future multi-functioning robotic capsule endoscopy (RCE) units may utilize advanced features such as active system control over capsule motion, drug delivery systems, semi-surgical tools and biopsy. However, the inclusion of the above advanced features demands additional power that make conventional power source methods impractical. In this regards, wireless power transmission (WPT) system has received attention among researchers to overcome this problem. Systematic reviews on techniques of using WPT for WCE are limited, especially when involving the recent technological advancements. This paper aims to fill that gap by providing a systematic review with emphasis on the aspects related to the amount of transmitted power, the power transmission efficiency, the system stability and patient safety. It is noted that, thus far the development of WPT system for this WCE application is still in initial stage and there is room for improvements, especially involving system efficiency, stability, and the patient safety aspects.
Fulltext Role of morphological structure, doping, and coating of different materials in the sensing characteristics of humidity sensors

Tripathy A, Pramanik S, Cho J, Santhosh J, Osman NA

Sensors (Basel), 2014 Sep 03;14(9):16343-422.
PMID: 25256110 DOI: 10.3390/s140916343

The humidity sensing characteristics of different sensing materials are important properties in order to monitor different products or events in a wide range of industrial sectors, research and development laboratories as well as daily life. The primary aim of this study is to compare the sensing characteristics, including impedance or resistance, capacitance, hysteresis, recovery and response times, and stability with respect to relative humidity, frequency, and temperature, of different materials. Various materials, including ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers, used for sensing relative humidity have been reviewed. Correlations of the different electrical characteristics of different doped sensor materials as the most unique feature of a material have been noted. The electrical properties of different sensor materials are found to change significantly with the morphological changes, doping concentration of different materials and film thickness of the substrate. Various applications and scopes are pointed out in the review article. We extensively reviewed almost all main kinds of relative humidity sensors and how their electrical characteristics vary with different doping concentrations, film thickness and basic sensing materials. Based on statistical tests, the zinc oxide-based sensing material is best for humidity sensor design since it shows extremely low hysteresis loss, minimum response and recovery times and excellent stability.
Fulltext A Review of Datasets, Optimization Strategies, and Learning Algorithms for Analyzing Alzheimer's Dementia Detection

Thulasimani V, Shanmugavadivel K, Cho J, Veerappampalayam Easwaramoorthy S

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2024;20:2203-2225.
PMID: 39588176 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S496307

Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory and cognitive function, necessitating early detection for its effective management. This poses a significant challenge to global public health. The early and accurate detection of dementia is crucial for several reasons. First, timely detection facilitates early intervention and planning of treatment. Second, precise diagnostic methods are essential for distinguishing dementia from other cognitive disorders and medical conditions that may present with similar symptoms. Continuous analysis and improvements in detection methods have contributed to advancements in medical research. It helps to identify new biomarkers, refine existing diagnostic tools, and foster the development of innovative technologies, ultimately leading to more accurate and efficient diagnostic approaches for dementia. This paper presents a critical analysis of multimodal imaging datasets, learning algorithms, and optimisation techniques utilised in the context of Alzheimer's dementia detection. The focus is on understanding the advancements and challenges in employing diverse imaging modalities, such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PET (Positron Emission Tomography), and EEG (ElectroEncephaloGram). This study evaluated various machine learning algorithms, deep learning models, transfer learning techniques, and generative adversarial networks for the effective analysis of multi-modality imaging data for dementia detection. In addition, a critical examination of optimisation techniques encompassing optimisation algorithms and hyperparameter tuning strategies for processing and analysing images is presented in this study to discern their influence on model performance and generalisation. Thorough examination and enhancement of methods for dementia detection are fundamental for addressing the healthcare challenges posed by dementia, facilitating timely interventions, improving diagnostic accuracy, and advancing research in neurodegenerative diseases.
Fulltext Design and Development of Micro-Power Generating Device for Biomedical Applications of Lab-on-a-Disc

Joseph K, Ibrahim F, Cho J, Thio TH, Al-Faqheri W, Madou M

PLoS One, 2015;10(9):e0136519.
PMID: 26422249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136519

The development of micro-power generators for centrifugal microfluidic discs enhances the platform as a green point-of-care diagnostic system and eliminates the need for attaching external peripherals to the disc. In this work, we present micro-power generators that harvest energy from the disc's rotational movement to power biomedical applications on the disc. To implement these ideas, we developed two types of micro-power generators using piezoelectric films and an electromagnetic induction system. The piezoelectric-based generator takes advantage of the film's vibration during the disc's rotational motion, whereas the electromagnetic induction-based generator operates on the principle of current generation in stacks of coil exposed to varying magnetic flux. We have successfully demonstrated that at the spinning speed of 800 revolutions per minute (RPM) the piezoelectric film-based generator is able to produce up to 24 microwatts using 6 sets of films and the magnetic induction-based generator is capable of producing up to 125 milliwatts using 6 stacks of coil. As a proof of concept, a custom made localized heating system was constructed to test the capability of the magnetic induction-based generator. The heating system was able to achieve a temperature of 58.62 °C at 2200 RPM. This development of lab-on-a-disc micro power generators preserves the portability standards and enhances the future biomedical applications of centrifugal microfluidic platforms.
Mirabegron has longer treatment persistence than antimuscarinics: Real-world data from a Korean national cohort database

Lee KS, Park H, Kang D, Byun HJ, Foo CY, Hadi FA, et al.

Neurourol Urodyn, 2021 11;40(8):1972-1980.
PMID: 34486168 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24776

AIMS: To descriptively evaluate treatment persistence among adults who received mirabegron or antimuscarinics in South Korea.
METHODS: This study involved a retrospective analysis of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) database. Patients (≥18 years) who had a new prescription for an overactive bladder (OAB) target medication (mirabegron/antimuscarinic) within an 8-month index period (July 1, 2015-February 29, 2016) were included. The date when the target (index) medication was dispensed was the index date. The 6-month period before the index date was used to assess patient eligibility. A 12-month post-index period was used to assess medication persistence, which was defined as the time to discontinuation. Overall data were analyzed and the results were also stratified by age group (≤65, >65 years), sex, or prior OAB medication experience. Persistence rates were calculated after the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months.
RESULTS: A data set of 52 722 cases was obtained (mirabegron: 11 424, antimuscarinics: 41 298). The mean age was 60.9 ± 16.1 years and the majority of the patients were female (30 862 [58.5%] patients). Median persistence was longer with mirabegron (51 days) versus antimuscarinics (25 days). The persistence rate with mirabegron was higher throughout the study compared with all the antimuscarinics (12-month data: 13.5% and 4.9%, respectively). Longer treatment persistence was noted in older, male, and treatment-experienced patients.
CONCLUSION: The results from the HIRA database showed that persistence was longer with mirabegron than with antimuscarinics in South Korea. This finding may help inform clinical decision-making within the South Korean healthcare system.
A microdevice for rapid, monoplex and colorimetric detection of foodborne pathogens using a centrifugal microfluidic platform

Sayad A, Ibrahim F, Mukim Uddin S, Cho J, Madou M, Thong KL

Biosens Bioelectron, 2018 Feb 15;100:96-104.
PMID: 28869845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.08.060

Outbreaks of foodborne diseases have become a global health concern; hence, many improvements and developments have been made to reduce the risk of food contamination. We developed a centrifugal microfluidic automatic wireless endpoint detection system integrated with loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for monoplex pathogen detection. Six identical sets were designed on the microfluidic compact disc (CD) to perform 30 genetic analyses of three different species of foodborne pathogens. The consecutive loading, mixing, and aliquoting of the LAMP primers/reagents and DNA sample solutions were accomplished using an optimized square-wave microchannel, metering chambers and revulsion per minute (RPM) control. We tested 24 strains of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Vibrio cholerae), with 8 strains of each bacterium, and performed DNA amplification on the microfluidic CD for 60min. Then, the amplicons of the LAMP reaction were detected using the calcein colorimetric method and further analysed via the developed electronic system interfaced with Bluetooth wireless technology to transmit the results to a smartphone. The system showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 × 10-5ngμL-1 DNA by analysing the colour change when tested with chicken meat spiked with the three pathogenic bacteria. Since the entire process was performed in a fully automated way and was easy to use, our microdevice is suitable for point-of-care (POC) testing with high simplicity, providing affordability and accessibility even to poor, resource-limited settings.
Coffee consumption and coronary artery calcium in young and middle-aged asymptomatic adults

Choi Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho J, Rampal S, Zhang Y, et al.

Heart, 2015 May;101(9):686-91.
PMID: 25732752 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306663

To investigate the association between regular coffee consumption and the prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a large sample of young and middle-aged asymptomatic men and women.
Estrogenic chemicals and estrogenicity in river waters of South Korea and seven Asian countries

Duong CN, Ra JS, Cho J, Kim SD, Choi HK, Park JH, et al.

Chemosphere, 2010 Jan;78(3):286-93.
PMID: 19931116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.048

The effects of treatment processes on estrogenicity were evaluated by examining estradiol equivalent (EEQ) concentrations in influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) located along Yeongsan and Seomjin rivers in Korea. The occurrence and distribution of estrogenic chemicals were also estimated for surface water in Korea and compared with seven other Asian countries including Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. Target compounds were nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), bisphenol A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and genistein (Gen). Water samples were pretreated and analyzed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the treatment processes of Korean STPs were sufficient to reduce the estrogenic activity of municipal wastewater. The concentrations of phenolic xenoestrogens (i.e., NP, OP and BPA) in samples of Yeongsan and Seomjin rivers were smaller than those reported by previous studies in Korea. In most samples taken from the seven Asian countries, the presence of E2 and EE2 was a major contributor toward estrogenic activity. The EEQ concentrations in surface water samples of the seven Asian countries were at a higher level in comparison to that reported in European countries, America and Japan. However, further studies with more sampling frequencies and sampling areas should be carried out for better evaluation of the occurrence and distribution of estrogenic compounds in these Asian countries.
Fulltext A portable automatic endpoint detection system for amplicons of loop mediated isothermal amplification on microfluidic compact disk platform

Uddin SM, Ibrahim F, Sayad AA, Thiha A, Pei KX, Mohktar MS, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2015 Mar 05;15(3):5376-89.
PMID: 25751077 DOI: 10.3390/s150305376

In recent years, many improvements have been made in foodborne pathogen detection methods to reduce the impact of food contamination. Several rapid methods have been developed with biosensor devices to improve the way of performing pathogen detection. This paper presents an automated endpoint detection system for amplicons generated by loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on a microfluidic compact disk platform. The developed detection system utilizes a monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) emitter for excitation of fluorescent labeled LAMP amplicons and a color sensor to detect the emitted florescence from target. Then it processes the sensor output and displays the detection results on liquid crystal display (LCD). The sensitivity test has been performed with detection limit up to 2.5 × 10(-3) ng/µL with different DNA concentrations of Salmonella bacteria. This system allows a rapid and automatic endpoint detection which could lead to the development of a point-of-care diagnosis device for foodborne pathogens detection in a resource-limited environment.
Fulltext Predicted changes in future precipitation and air temperature across Bangladesh using CMIP6 GCMs

Kamruzzaman M, Wahid S, Shahid S, Alam E, Mainuddin M, Islam HMT, et al.

Heliyon, 2023 May;9(5):e16274.
PMID: 37234666 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16274

Understanding spatiotemporal variability in precipitation and temperature and their future projections is critical for assessing environmental hazards and planning long-term mitigation and adaptation. In this study, 18 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the most recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) were employed to project the mean annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation, maximum air temperature (Tmax), and minimum air temperature (Tmin) in Bangladesh. The GCM projections were bias-corrected using the Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM) technique. Using the Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) mean of the bias-corrected dataset, the expected changes for the four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) were evaluated for the near (2015-2044), mid (2045-2074), and far (2075-2100) futures in comparison to the historical period (1985-2014). In the far future, the anticipated average annual precipitation increased by 9.48%, 13.63%, 21.07%, and 30.90%, while the average Tmax (Tmin) rose by 1.09 (1.17), 1.60 (1.91), 2.12 (2.80), and 2.99 (3.69) °C for SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5, respectively. According to predictions for the SSP5-8.5 scenario in the distant future, there is expected to be a substantial rise in precipitation (41.98%) during the post-monsoon season. In contrast, winter precipitation was predicted to decrease most (11.12%) in the mid-future for SSP3-7.0, while to increase most (15.62%) in the far-future for SSP1-2.6. Tmax (Tmin) was predicted to rise most in the winter and least in the monsoon for all periods and scenarios. Tmin increased more rapidly than Tmax in all seasons for all SSPs. The projected changes could lead to more frequent and severe flooding, landslides, and negative impacts on human health, agriculture, and ecosystems. The study highlights the need for localized and context-specific adaptation strategies as different regions of Bangladesh will be affected differently by these changes.
Fulltext Potentially toxic elements in human scalp hair around China's largest polymetallic rare earth ore mining and smelting area

Dai L, Deng L, Wang W, Li Y, Wang L, Liang T, et al.

Environ Int, 2023 Feb;172:107775.
PMID: 36739854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107775

There is a growing concern about human health of residents living in areas where mining and smelting occur. In order to understand the exposure to the potentially toxic elements (PTEs), we here identify and examine the cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in scalp hair of residents living in the mining area (Bayan Obo, n = 76), smelting area (Baotou, n = 57) and a reference area (Hohhot, n = 61). In total, 194 hair samples were collected from the volunteers (men = 87, women = 107) aged 5-77 years old in the three areas. Comparing median PTEs levels between the young and adults, Ni levels were significantly higher in adults living in the smelting area while Cr was highest in adults from the mining area, no significant difference was found for any of the elements in the reference area. From the linear regression model, no significant relationship between PTEs concentration, log10(PTEs), and age was found. The concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in hair were significantly lower in the reference area when compared to both mining and smelting areas. In addition, Cu was significantly higher in the mining area when compared to the smelting area. Factor analysis (FA) indicated that men and women from the smelting area (Baotou) and mining area (Bayan Obo), respectively, had different underlying communality of log10(PTEs), suggesting different sources of these PTEs. Multiple factor analysis quantilized the importance of gender and location when combined with PTEs levels in human hair. The results of this study indicate that people living in mining and/or smelting areas have significantly higher PTEs (Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb) hair levels compared to reference areas, which may cause adverse health effects. Remediation should therefore be implemented to improve the health of local residents in the mining and smelting areas.
Fulltext Corrigendum to "Potentially toxic elements in human scalp hair around China's largest polymetallic rare earth ore mining and smelting area" [Environ. Int. 172 (2023) 107775]

Dai L, Deng L, Wang W, Li Y, Wang L, Liang T, et al.

Environ Int, 2024 Nov 22.
PMID: 39580246 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109160
Fulltext A Longitudinal Study of Association between Adiposity Markers and Intraocular Pressure: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Zhao D, Kim MH, Pastor-Barriuso R, Chang Y, Ryu S, Zhang Y, et al.

PLoS One, 2016;11(1):e0146057.
PMID: 26731527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146057

IMPORTANCE: Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction or stabilization is the only proven method for glaucoma management. Identifying risk factors for IOP is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percent fat mass with change in intraocular pressure (IOP) in a large sample of Korean adults.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cohort study of 274,064 young and middle age Korean adults with normal fundoscopic findings who attended annual or biennial health exams from January 1, 2002 to Feb 28, 2010 (577,981 screening visits).
EXPOSURES: BMI, waist circumference, and percent fat mass.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): At each visit, IOP was measured in both eyes with automated noncontact tonometers.
RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted models, the average increase in IOP (95% confidence intervals) over time per interquartile increase in BMI (1.26 kg/m2), waist circumference (6.20 cm), and percent fat mass (3.40%) were 0.18 mmHg (0.17 to 0.19), 0.27 mmHg (0.26 to 0.29), and 0.10 mmHg (0.09 to 0.11), respectively (all P < 0.001). The association was stronger in men compared to women (P < 0.001) and it was only slightly attenuated after including diabetes and hypertension as potential mediators in the model.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Increases in adiposity were significantly associated with an increase in IOP in a large cohort of Korean adults attending health screening visits, an association that was stronger for central obesity. Further research is needed to understand better the underlying mechanisms of this association, and to establish the role of weight gain in increasing IOP and the risk of glaucoma and its complications.
A longitudinal study of age-related changes in intraocular pressure: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Zhao D, Kim MH, Pastor-Barriuso R, Chang Y, Ryu S, Zhang Y, et al.

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014 Oct;55(10):6244-50.
PMID: 25183763 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14151

To examine the longitudinal association between age and intraocular pressure (IOP) in a large sample of Korean men and women.
Thyroid hormones and mortality risk in euthyroid individuals: the Kangbuk Samsung health study

Zhang Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho J, Lee WY, Rhee EJ, et al.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2014 Jul;99(7):2467-76.
PMID: 24708095 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3832

CONTEXT: Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, both overt and subclinical, are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The association between thyroid hormones and mortality in euthyroid individuals, however, is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prospective association between thyroid hormones levels within normal ranges and mortality endpoints.
SETTING AND DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of 212 456 middle-aged South Korean men and women who had normal thyroid hormone levels and no history of thyroid disease at baseline from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2009. Free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), and TSH levels were measured by RIA. Vital status and cause of death ascertainment were based on linkage to the National Death Index death certificate records.
RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.3 years, 730 participants died (335 deaths from cancer and 112 cardiovascular-related deaths). FT4 was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.95, comparing the highest vs lowest quartile of FT4; P for linear trend = .01), and FT3 was inversely associated cancer mortality (HR = 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.85; P for linear trend = .001). TSH was not associated with mortality endpoints.
CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of euthyroid men and women, FT4 and FT3 levels within the normal range were inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and cancer mortality, particularly liver cancer mortality.
Association between markers of glucose metabolism and risk of colorectal adenoma

Rampal S, Yang MH, Sung J, Son HJ, Choi YH, Lee JH, et al.

Gastroenterology, 2014 Jul;147(1):78-87.e3.
PMID: 24632359 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.006

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diabetes is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. We studied the association between markers of glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome and the presence of colorectal adenomas in a large number of asymptomatic men and women attending a health screening program in South Korea. We also investigated whether these associations depend on adenoma location.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we measured fasting levels of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, and C-peptide and calculated homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values (used to quantify insulin resistance) for 19,361 asymptomatic South Korean subjects who underwent colonoscopy examinations from January 2006 to June 2009. Participants completed a standardized self-administered health questionnaire and a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were collected on the day of the colonoscopy; fasting blood samples were also collected. Robust Poisson regression was used to model the associations of glucose markers with the prevalence of any adenoma.
RESULTS: Using detailed multivariable-adjusted dose-response models, the prevalence ratios (aPR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for any adenoma, comparing the 90th with the 10th percentile, were 1.08 (1.00-1.16; P = .04) for fasting glucose, 1.07 (0.99-1.15; P = .10) for insulin, 1.09 (1.02-1.18, P = .02) for HOMA, 1.09 (1.01-1.17; P = .02) for hemoglobin A1c, and 1.14 (1.05-1.24; P = .002) for C-peptide. The corresponding ratios for nonadvanced adenomas were 1.11 (0.99-1.25; P = .08), 1.10 (0.98-1.24; P = .12), 1.15 (1.02-1.29; P = .02), 1.14 (1.01-1.28; P = .03), and 1.20 (1.05-1.37; P = .007), respectively. The corresponding ratios for advanced adenomas were 1.32 (0.94-1.84; P = .11), 1.23 (0.87-1.75; P = .24), 1.30 (0.92-1.85; P = .14), 1.13 (0.79-1.61; P = .50), and 1.67 (1.15-2.42; P = .007), respectively. Metabolic syndrome was associated with the prevalence of any adenoma (aPR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.24; P < .001), nonadvanced adenoma (aPR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20-1.40; P < .001), and advanced adenoma (aPR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.14-1.78; P = .002). Associations were similar for adenomas located in the distal versus proximal colon.
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing levels of glucose, HOMA values, levels of hemoglobin A1c and C-peptide, and metabolic syndrome are significantly associated with the prevalence of adenomas. Adenomas should be added to the list of consequences of altered glucose metabolism.
Fulltext Metabolically-healthy obesity and coronary artery calcification

Chang Y, Kim BK, Yun KE, Cho J, Zhang Y, Rampal S, et al.

J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014 Jun 24;63(24):2679-86.
PMID: 24794119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.042

The purpose of this study was to compare the coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores of metabolically-healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals in a large sample of apparently healthy men and women.

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