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A planetary health model for reducing exposure to faecal contamination in urban informal settlements: Baseline findings from Makassar, Indonesia

French MA 1 , Fiona Barker S 2 , Taruc RR 3 , Ansariadi A 4 , Duffy GA 5 , Saifuddaolah M 3 Show all authors , Zulkifli Agussalim A 3 , Awaluddin F 3 , Zainal Z 3 , Wardani J 1 , Faber PA 5 , Fleming G 5 , Ramsay EE 5 , Henry R 6 , Lin A 7 , O'Toole J 2 , Openshaw J 8 , Sweeney R 9 , Sinharoy SS 10 , Kolotelo P 6 , Jovanovic D 6 , Schang C 6 , Higginson EE 11 , Prescott MF 12 , Burge K 1 , Davis B 1 , Ramirez-Lovering D 12 , Reidpath D 13 , Greening C 14 , Allotey P 15 , Simpson JA 16 , Forbes A 2 , Chown SL 5 , McCarthy D 6 , Johnston D 9 , Wong T 17 , Brown R 1 , Clasen T 10 , Luby S 7 , Leder K 18 , RISE consortium

Affiliations 

  • 1 Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
  • 2 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria 3004, Australia
  • 3 RISE Program, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
  • 4 Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
  • 5 School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
  • 6 Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
  • 7 School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
  • 8 Woods Institute and the Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  • 9 Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Victoria 3145, Australia
  • 10 Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
  • 11 Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  • 12 Informal Cities Lab, Monash Art Design & Architecture, Monash University, Victoria 3145, Australia
  • 13 The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
  • 14 Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
  • 15 Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia; International Institute for Global Health, United Nations University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 16 Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
  • 17 Water Sensitive Cities Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
  • 18 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria 3004, Australia. Electronic address: [email protected]
Environ Int, 2021 10;155:106679.
PMID: 34126296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106679

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The intense interactions between people, animals and environmental systems in urban informal settlements compromise human and environmental health. Inadequate water and sanitation services, compounded by exposure to flooding and climate change risks, expose inhabitants to environmental contamination causing poor health and wellbeing and degrading ecosystems. However, the exact nature and full scope of risks and exposure pathways between human health and the environment in informal settlements are uncertain. Existing models are limited to microbiological linkages related to faecal-oral exposures at the individual level, and do not account for a broader range of human-environmental variables and interactions that affect population health and wellbeing.

METHODS: We undertook a 12-month health and environmental assessment in 12 flood-prone informal settlements in Makassar, Indonesia. We obtained caregiver-reported health data, anthropometric measurements, stool and blood samples from children 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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