Gut microbes - Early immunity and health

INTRODUCTION: Microbes in the human gut impact holistic health. Modifiable events can steer immunity through commensal microbial action. This protects from acute diseases and lays foundation for enduring health benefits. Timely modulation of immune development by correct feeding choices negate consequences of microbial dysequilibrium.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review and critical analysis of relevant literature integrated to the core understanding of facets of microbial existence in the gut , their roles in early immunity , and impact on health were done. Known deficiencies in newborn immunity integrated to the actions of microbes in human milk permitted some conclusions to be drawn through logical extrapolations.

RESULTS: Deficiencies in early immunity can, at least partially, be surmounted by an optimal gut microbial milieu provided for by human milk which also enhances gut immunity and holistic health.

LIMITATIONS: This is a narrative review and articles chosen were subjectively analysed for suitability according to relevance, however, analysis by statistical methods was not done.

CONCLUSIONS: There are clear pathways linking gut microbes, intestinal epithelia, microbial metabolites and early immune maturation. The immature immune system is guided towards proper development and maturation by breastmilk factors and milk microbes for immediate and enduring holistic health. Utilising this knowledge, research must be energised on possible mutualistic benefits of gut microbes to counter the current health challenges. The counselling of breastfeeding must not overlook the unique microbial environment endowed by the mother as a gift of health.