Necrotizing fasciitis, causative agents and management: a five-year retrospective study in two tertiary care hospitals in Central Malaysia

Rampal S 1 , Maniam S 2 , Lim PY 3 , Ramachandran R 1 , Tan EK 1 , Halim MAHA 1 Show all authors , Shamsudin Z 4 , Singh SSS 5 , Narayanan P 6 , Neela VK 7

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 4 Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Jalan Rasah, Bukit Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • 5 Orthopaedic Department, Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara, Pandan Mewah, 68000, Ampang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 6 Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sarikei, Jalan Rentap, 96100, Sarikei, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • 7 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. [email protected]
Int Orthop, 2021 06;45(6):1399-1405.
PMID: 33484294 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04905-2

Abstract

PURPOSE: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive inflammatory infection of the fascia, with secondary necrosis of the subcutaneous tissues. The severity of the disease depends on the virulence of the organism and host immunity. There is a paucity of reports on the prevalence of NF causing pathogens and management.

METHODS: Retrospective data of patients treated for NF were collected from two tertiary care hospitals in Central Malaysia between January 2014 and December 2018.

RESULTS: A total of 469 NF patients were identified. More than half of the NF patients were males (n = 278; 59.28%). The highest number of cases was found among age groups between 30 and 79, with mean age of 56.17. The majority of the NF cases (n = 402; 85.72%) were monomicrobial. Streptococcus spp. (n = 89; 18.98%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 63; 13.44%) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 61; 13.01%) were identified as the top three microorganisms isolated. Among the 469 NF cases, 173 (36.8%) were amputated or dead while 296 (63.1%) recovered. Proteus spp. (n = 19; 12.93%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 18; 12.24%) and Escherichia coli (n = 14; 9.52%) were associated with all types of amputations. The most common antibiotic prescribed was unasyn (n = 284; 60.56%), followed by clindamycin (n = 56; 11.94%) and ceftazidime (n = 41; 8.74%). A total of 239 (61.8%) recovered while 148 (38.2%) were either amputated or dead when managed with the unasyn, clindamycin or ceftazidime.

CONCLUSION: This study represents the largest NF cases series in Malaysia highlighting the causative agents and management.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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