Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 2 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
  • 3 Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
  • 4 Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany
  • 5 Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
  • 6 Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  • 7 Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
  • 8 Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
  • 9 Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  • 10 Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 11 School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
  • 12 Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 13 Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
  • 14 Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
  • 15 School of Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
  • 16 Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Venice, Italy
  • 17 Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
  • 18 School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
  • 19 Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  • 20 Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
  • 21 Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 22 Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 23 Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
  • 24 Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 25 Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
  • 26 CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Human Nutrition and Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 27 Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
  • 28 School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
  • 29 Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • 30 Data Science Lab, Hertie School, Berlin, Germany
  • 31 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 32 Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
  • 33 Health and Environment International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
  • 34 School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
  • 35 School of Health, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
  • 36 Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
  • 37 Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
  • 38 Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  • 39 Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  • 40 Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
  • 41 Center for Energy Markets, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
  • 42 School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • 43 Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  • 44 Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 45 European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
  • 46 Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Bakau, The Gambia
  • 47 Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
  • 48 Department of Arts, Media and Digital Technologies, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
  • 49 Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
  • 50 Medical and Health School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
  • 51 Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
  • 52 Scientific Assessment Section, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
  • 53 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
  • 54 Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
  • 55 Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 56 Department of Civil Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
  • 57 Department of Electronics and Computer Science, CRETUS Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
  • 58 WHO-WMO Joint Climate and Health Office, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 59 Institute for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
  • 60 Office of the Vice Provost for Research, University College London, London, UK
Lancet, 2021 Jan 09;397(10269):129-170.
PMID: 33278353 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X

Abstract

For the Chinese, French, German, and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.