The enormous attention and interest by both academics and industrial field for greener, biodegradable
and renewable materials implicate a persuasive trends towards the encroachment of nano-materials
science and technology in the polymer composite field. Nanocomposites creates high impacts on the
development of nano materials with advanced features to solve potential risks with their wider industrial
applications. Nano fibres are highly engineered fibres with diameters less than 100 nm that offer several
advantages over conventional fibres. One dimensional (1D) nanostructure fillers such as carbon nano
fibre and cellulose nano fibre are the most common, promising and unique for developing multifunctional
nanocomposites with better properties and extensive applications compared to micro size fibres. Nano
fibre technology brings revolution by providing products that are completely safe, truly greener, reliable
and environmentally friendly for industries, researchers and users. This review article is intended to
present valuable literature data on research and trend in the fields of carbon and cellulose nano fiber,
nanocomposites with specific focus on various applications for a sustainable and greener environment.