From discovery to spread: The evolution and phylogeny of Getah virus

Li YY 1 , Liu H 2 , Fu SH 3 , Li XL 3 , Guo XF 4 , Li MH 3 Show all authors , Feng Y 5 , Chen WX 3 , Wang LH 3 , Lei WW 3 , Gao XY 3 , Lv Z 3 , He Y 3 , Wang HY 3 , Zhou HN 4 , Wang GQ 6 , Liang GD 7

Affiliations 

  • 1 National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Dieases, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
  • 2 School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
  • 4 Yunnan Provincial Center of Arborvirus Research, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Diseases Control and Research, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu'er 665000, People's Republic of China
  • 5 Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan 671000, People's Republic of China
  • 6 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 7 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: [email protected]
Infect Genet Evol, 2017 11;55:48-55.
PMID: 28827175 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.08.016

Abstract

Getah virus (GETV) was first isolated in Malaysia in 1955. Since then, epidemics in horses and pigs caused by GETV have resulted in huge economic losses. At present, GETV has spread across Eurasia and Southeast Asia, including mainland China, Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Russia. Data show that the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of GETV existed about 145years ago (95% HPD: 75-244) and gradually evolved into four distinct evolutionary populations: Groups I-IV. The MRCA of GETVs in Group III, which includes all GETVs isolated from mosquitoes, pigs, horses, and other animals since the 1960s (from latitude 19°N to 60°N), existed about 51years ago (95% HPD: 51-72). Group III is responsible for most viral epidemics among domestic animals. An analysis of the GETV E2 protein sequence and structure revealed seven common amino acid mutation sites. These sites are responsible for the structural and electrostatic differences detected between widespread Group III isolates and the prototype strain MM2021. These differences may account for the recent geographical radiation of the virus. Considering the economic significance of GETV infection in pigs and horses, we recommend the implementation of strict viral screening and monitoring programs.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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