Precisely controlled electrostatically sprayed sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel microbeads as super-adsorbent for adsorption of cationic dye

Li X 1 , Tiang MF 2 , Cui X 3 , Li Y 3 , Wang Z 4 , Zhao L 5 Show all authors , Takriff MS 6 , Sajab MS 7 , Abdul PM 7 , Ding G 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; China-Malaysia Joint National Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
  • 5 Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; China-Malaysia Joint National Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
  • 6 Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 7 Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
  • 8 Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; China-Malaysia Joint National Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China. Electronic address: [email protected]
Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Nov 22;283(Pt 4):137989.
PMID: 39581417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137989

Abstract

In this pioneering study, electrostatic spraying (ES) technology with high voltages is proposed to reduce the size of hydrogel microbeads further, aiming to enhance the adsorption rate of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye. The increased voltages, ranging from 0.0 to 13.0 kV, further decreased the size of electrostatically sprayed hydrogel microbeads crosslinked by hydrogen bonds between sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) in hydrochloric acid. The size of SA/CMCS hydrogel microbeads was successfully reduced from 2000 ± 121 μm (SC-2000) to 400 ± 15 μm (SC-400). Notably, SC-400 exhibits the highest maximum adsorption capacity (qm) and rate constant (k2) at 840.3 mg/g and 0.0598 g/mg/min, respectively, at pH 9.0 and a temperature of 25 °C in the absence of ionic compounds, which is three times higher than that of SC-2000, due to their high specific surface area and pore volume. Through a series of adsorption studies and characterization analyses, SA/CMCS hydrogel microbeads displayed heterogeneous adsorption behaviors towards MB dye through electrostatic interactions between the deprotonated carboxylic groups and cationic MB molecules, where MB adsorption efficiency could be significantly influenced by pH and ionic strength. These findings suggest that ES technology is effective in synthesizing smaller SA/CMCS hydrogel microbeads with enhanced MB removal rates and stable adsorption capacities and their applications could be further explored for removing other organic dyes and toxic metals in subsequent research studies.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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