Water and sediment toxicity and hazard assessment of DCOIT towards neotropical marine organisms

Campos BG 1 , Moreira LB 2 , G F E P 3 , Cruz ACF 4 , Perina FC 5 , Abreu F 6 Show all authors , Fillmann G 7 , Abessa DMS 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 2 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 3 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 4 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 5 CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 6 Rio Grande Federal University (FURG), Av. Itália S/n, 7, 474, 96201-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 7 Rio Grande Federal University (FURG), Av. Itália S/n, 7, 474, 96201-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected]
  • 8 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: [email protected]
Environ Pollut, 2023 Aug 01;330:121797.
PMID: 37169238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121797

Abstract

DCOIT is an effective antifouling biocide, which presence in the environment and toxicity towards non-target species has been generating great concern. This study evaluated the waterborne toxicity of DCOIT on marine invertebrates (i.e., survival of brine shrimp Artemia sp., larval development of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter and the mussel Perna perna), as well as DCOIT-spiked-sediment toxicity on the fecundity rate of the copepod Nitrocra sp. And the mortality of the amphipod Tiburonella viscana. The data outcomes were used to calculate environmental hazards and risks, which were compared to their corresponding values obtained from temperate regions. Waterborne toxicity can be summarized as follows: Artemia sp. (LC50-48h = 163 (135-169) μg/L), E. lucunter (EC50-36h = 33.9 (17-65) μg/L), and P. perna (EC50-48h = 8.3 (7-9) μg/L). For whole-sediment toxicity, metrics were calculated for T. viscana (LC50-10d = 0.5 (0.1-2.6) μg/g) and Nitrocra sp, (EC50-10d = 200 (10-480) μg/kg). The DCOIT hazard was assessed for both tropical and non-tropical pelagic organisms. The predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for tropical species (0.19 μg/L) was 1.7-fold lower than that for non-tropical organisms (0.34 μg/L). In whole-sediment exposures, DCOIT presented a PNEC of 0.97 μg/kg, and the risk quotients (RQs) were >1 for areas with constant input of DCOIT such as ports ship/boatyards, marinas, and maritime traffic zones of Korea, Japan, Spain, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Brazil. The presented data are important for supporting the establishment of policies and regulations for booster biocides worldwide.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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