Browse publications by year: 2018

Fulltext Capacitive performance of vertically aligned reduced titania nanotubes coated with Mn2O3 by reverse pulse electrodeposition

Samsudin NA, Zainal Z, Lim HN, Sulaiman Y, Chang SK, Lim YC, et al.

RSC Adv, 2018 Jun 21;8(41):23040-23047.
PMID: 35540159 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03513j

In this study, a composite material, manganese oxide/reduced titania nanotubes (Mn2O3/R-TNTs), was synthesized through incorporation of Mn2O3 onto R-TNTs via the reverse pulse electrodeposition technique. The influence of pulse reverse duty cycles on the morphological, structural and electrochemical performance of the surface was studied by varying the applied duty cycle from 10% to 90% for 5 min total on-time at an alternate potential of -0.90 V (E on) and 0.00 V (E off). FESEM analysis revealed the uniform deposition of Mn2O3 on the circumference of the nanotubes. The amount of Mn2O3 loaded onto the R-TNTs increased as a higher duty cycle was applied. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were employed to elucidate the electrochemical properties of all the synthesized samples in 1 M KCl. The specific capacitance per unit area was greatly enhanced upon the incorporation of Mn2O3 onto R-TNTs, but showed a decrease as a high duty cycle was applied. This proved that low amounts of Mn2O3 loading enhanced the facilitation of the active ions for charge storage purposes. The optimized sample, Mn2O3/R-TNTs synthesized at 10% duty cycle, exhibited high specific capacitance of 18.32 mF cm-2 at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2 obtained from constant current charge-discharge measurements. This revealed that the specific capacitance possessed by Mn2O3/R-TNTs synthesized at 10% duty cycle was 6 times higher than bare R-TNTs.
Fulltext Characterizing the plasma metabolome during and following a maximal exercise cycling test

Manaf FA, Lawler NG, Peiffer JJ, Maker GL, Boyce MC, Fairchild TJ, et al.

J Appl Physiol (1985), 2018 Oct 01;125(4):1193-1203.
PMID: 30070608 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00499.2018

Although complex in nature, a number of metabolites have been implicated in the onset of exercise-induced fatigue. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in the plasma metabolome and specifically, to identify candidate metabolites associated with the onset of fatigue during prolonged cycling. Eighteen healthy and recreationally active men (mean ± SD; age: 24.7 ± 4.8 yr; mass 67.1 ± 6.1 kg; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.2; peak oxygen uptake: 40.9 ± 6.1 ml·kg-1·min-1) were recruited to this study. Participants performed a prolonged cycling time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test at an intensity corresponding to a fixed blood lactate concentration (3 mmol/l). Plasma samples collected at 10 min of exercise, before fatigue (last sample before fatigue <10 min before fatigue), immediately after fatigue (point of exhaustion), and 20 min after fatigue were assessed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach. Eighty metabolites were putatively identified, with 68 metabolites demonstrating a significant change during the cycling task (duration: ~80.9 ± 13.6 min). A clear multivariate structure in the data was revealed, with the first principal component (36% total variance) describing a continuous increase in metabolite concentration throughout the TTE trial and recovery, whereas the second principal component (14% total variance) showed an increase in metabolite concentration followed by a recovery trajectory, peaking at the point of fatigue. Six clusters of correlated metabolites demonstrating unique metabolite trajectories were identified, including significant separation in the metabolome between prefatigue and postfatigue time points. In accordance with our hypothesis, free-fatty acids and tryptophan contributed to differences in the plasma metabolome at fatigue.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metabolites have long been implicated in the onset of fatigue. This study applied a metabolomic approach to track 80 plasma-borne metabolites during a cycle to fatigue task. Of these, 68 metabolites demonstrated significant change, with the plasma metabolome at fatigue being clearly distinguishable from other time points. Six unique clusters of metabolites were identified, and free fatty acids were strongly associated with fatigue onset therein lending support to the central fatigue hypothesis.
Fulltext Effectiveness of a training program for bleeding disorders among accredited social health activists in Udupi District, Karnataka, India

Badagabettu S, Nayak DM, Kurien A, Kamath VG, Kamath A, Nayak BS, et al.

Res Pract Thromb Haemost, 2018 Jul;2(3):518-524.
PMID: 30046756 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12103

INTRODUCTION: Hemophilia and other bleeding disorders are underreported and cause significant morbidity and mortality in resource-constrained countries. Training and the creation of awareness among accredited social heath activists (ASHAs) will aid in the early detection of bleeding disorders at the community level.
OBJECTIVE: To develop awareness and skills for the screening and identification of cases with bleeding symptoms among ASHAs in Udupi District, Karnataka, India.
METHODS: An interventional study was undertaken in Udupi District, which has three taluks and approximately 233 villages. All ASHAs with a current role (586) from rural Udupi were provided a competency-based training program at the community health center using a specifically designed training manual for the identification of cases with bleeding disorders. A pre-test/post-test evaluation was performed to discover the training outcomes.
RESULTS: Sixteen (2.7%) participants had average knowledge in the first post-test, and 570 (92.2%) participants had good knowledge. Thirty-nine (6.6%) participants had average knowledge in second post-test, and 547 (94.3%) participants had good knowledge. The effectiveness of the training program was assessed using Friedman's two-way test. A significant difference in knowledge scores (χ2 = 955.1) was found at baseline evaluation and end of the training test 1 and at 30 days of training test 2 among the ASHAs.
CONCLUSION: Accredited social heath activists health care workers, who are the most important link between the community and health services, successfully created public awareness concerning the early detection of bleeding disorders.
Fulltext Efficacy of Two Different Views of Video Demonstration in Teaching Access Cavity Preparation to Third Year Dental Students

Dabbour H, Liew AKC, Soo E, Abdullah D

Iran Endod J, 2018;13(4):474-480.
PMID: 36883030 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v13i4.20275

INTRODUCTION: Demonstration of the access cavity preparation procedures to dental students is challenging due to the limited operating field and the detailed nature of the procedures. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate two different views in video demonstrations used to teach access cavity preparation.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two videos of access cavity preparation were filmed, one showing the occlusal view (OV) and one showing the sectional view (SV). Third-year dental students (n=57) who consented to participate in the study were divided into two groups to watch one of the videos. The perception and performance of both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test.
RESULTS: At baseline, group OV (n=29) and group SV (n=28) were not significantly different in terms of operative scores (P=0.330). After watching the videos, the basic understanding of the theories was similar in both groups. However, the SV group responded more positively towards the helpfulness of the video in visualizing the inner anatomy of the tooth and in implementing the procedures (P<0.05). The SV group also completed the exercise within a shorter time (P<0.001). Nevertheless, the quality of the prepared access cavities was not significantly different between groups.
CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the additional step in sectioning a tooth before demonstration of access cavity preparation seems well worth the effort, offering the novice students advantages in visualizing certain anatomical landmarks and implementing access cavity preparation procedure within a shorter timeframe. Nevertheless, it did not improve the final quality of the preparations.
Zero-inflated Conway-Maxwell Poisson Distribution to Analyze Discrete Data

Sim SZ, Gupta RC, Ong SH

Int J Biostat, 2018 Jan 09;14(1).
PMID: 29306919 DOI: 10.1515/ijb-2016-0070

In this paper, we study the zero-inflated Conway-Maxwell Poisson (ZICMP) distribution and develop a regression model. Score and likelihood ratio tests are also implemented for testing the inflation/deflation parameter. Simulation studies are carried out to examine the performance of these tests. A data example is presented to illustrate the concepts. In this example, the proposed model is compared to the well-known zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and the zero- inflated generalized Poisson (ZIGP) regression models. It is shown that the fit by ZICMP is comparable or better than these models.

MeSH terms: Data Interpretation, Statistical*; Humans; Models, Statistical*; Poisson Distribution*; Biostatistics/methods*
Fulltext Measurement of the top quark mass with lepton+jets final states using p p collisions at s = 13 TeV

Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields, 2018;78(11):891.
PMID: 30881206 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6332-9

The mass of the top quark is measured using a sample of t t ¯ events collected by the CMS detector using proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. Events are selected with one isolated muon or electron and at least four jets from data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb - 1 . For each event the mass is reconstructed from a kinematic fit of the decay products to a t t ¯ hypothesis. Using the ideogram method, the top quark mass is determined simultaneously with an overall jet energy scale factor (JSF), constrained by the mass of the W boson in q q ¯ ' decays. The measurement is calibrated on samples simulated at next-to-leading order matched to a leading-order parton shower. The top quark mass is found to be 172.25 ± 0.08 (stat+JSF) ± 0.62 (syst) GeV . The dependence of this result on the kinematic properties of the event is studied and compared to predictions of different models of t t ¯ production, and no indications of a bias in the measurements are observed.
Fulltext Studies of B s 2 ∗ ( 5840 ) 0 and B s 1 ( 5830 ) 0 mesons including the observation of the B s 2 ∗ ( 5840 ) 0 → B 0 K S 0 decay in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV

Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields, 2018;78(11):939.
PMID: 30881211 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6390-z

Measurements of B s 2 ∗ ( 5840 ) 0 and B s 1 ( 5830 ) 0 mesons are performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of , collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV . The analysis studies P-wave B s 0 meson decays into B ( ∗ ) + K - and B ( ∗ ) 0 K S 0 , where the B + and B 0 mesons are identified using the decays B + → J / ψ K + and B 0 → J / ψ K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 . The masses of the P-wave B s 0 meson states are measured and the natural width of the B s 2 ∗ ( 5840 ) 0 state is determined. The first measurement of the mass difference between the charged and neutral B ∗ mesons is also presented. The B s 2 ∗ ( 5840 ) 0 decay to B 0 K S 0 is observed, together with a measurement of its branching fraction relative to the B s 2 ∗ ( 5840 ) 0 → B + K - decay.
Fulltext Measurement of b hadron lifetimes in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV

Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields, 2018;78(6):457.
PMID: 30956548 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5929-3

Measurements are presented of the lifetimes of the B 0 , B s 0 , Λ b 0 , and B c + hadrons using the decay channels B 0 → J / ψ K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 , B 0 → J / ψ K S 0 , B s 0 → J / ψ π + π - , B s 0 → J / ψ ϕ ( 1020 ) , Λ b 0 → J / ψ Λ 0 , and B c + → J / ψ π + . The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 , was collected by the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV . The B 0 lifetime is measured to be 453.0 ± 1.6 (stat) ± 1.8 (syst) μ m in J / ψ K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 and 457.8 ± 2.7 (stat) ± 2.8 (syst) μ m in J / ψ K S 0 , which results in a combined measurement of c τ B 0 = 454.1 ± 1.4 (stat) ± 1.7 (syst) μ m . The effective lifetime of the B s 0 meson is measured in two decay modes, with contributions from different amounts of the heavy and light eigenstates. This results in two different measured lifetimes: c τ B s 0 → J / ψ π + π - = 502.7 ± 10.2 (stat) ± 3.4 (syst) μ m and c τ B s 0 → J / ψ ϕ ( 1020 ) = 443.9 ± 2.0 (stat) ± 1.5 (syst) μ m . The Λ b 0 lifetime is found to be 442.9 ± 8.2 (stat) ± 2.8 (syst) μ m . The precision from each of these channels is as good as or better than previous measurements. The B c + lifetime, measured with respect to the B + to reduce the systematic uncertainty, is 162.3 ± 7.8 (stat) ± 4.2 (syst) ± 0.1 ( τ B + ) μ m . All results are in agreement with current world-average values.
Fulltext Measurement of prompt and nonprompt charmonium suppression in PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV

Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields, 2018;78(6):509.
PMID: 30956556 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5950-6

The nuclear modification factors of J / ψ and ψ (2S) mesons are measured in PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of s NN = 5.02 TeV . The analysis is based on PbPb and p p data samples collected by CMS at the LHC in 2015, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 464 μ b - 1 and 28 pb -1 , respectively. The measurements are performed in the dimuon rapidity range of | y | < 2.4 as a function of centrality, rapidity, and transverse momentum ( p T ) from p T = 3 GeV / c in the most forward region and up to 50 GeV / c . Both prompt and nonprompt (coming from b hadron decays) J / ψ mesons are observed to be increasingly suppressed with centrality, with a magnitude similar to the one observed at s NN = 2.76 TeV for the two J / ψ meson components. No dependence on rapidity is observed for either prompt or nonprompt J / ψ mesons. An indication of a lower prompt J / ψ meson suppression at p T > 25 GeV / c is seen with respect to that observed at intermediate p T . The prompt ψ (2S) meson yield is found to be more suppressed than that of the prompt J / ψ mesons in the entire p T range.
Fulltext Measurement of the Z / γ ∗ → τ τ cross section in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV and validation of τ lepton analysis techniques

Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields, 2018;78(9):708.
PMID: 30956559 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6146-9

A measurement is presented of the Z / γ ∗ → τ τ cross section in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV , using data recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb - 1 . The product of the inclusive cross section and branching fraction is measured to be σ ( pp → Z / γ ∗ +X ) B ( Z / γ ∗ → τ τ ) = 1848 ± 12 ( stat ) ± 67 (syst \,+\,lumi) pb , in agreement with the standard model expectation, computed at next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The measurement is used to validate new analysis techniques relevant for future measurements of τ lepton production. The measurement also provides the reconstruction efficiency and energy scale for τ decays to hadrons + ν τ final states, determined with respective relative uncertainties of 2.2 and 0.9%.
Fulltext Measurements of the p p → Z Z production cross section and the Z → 4 ℓ branching fraction, and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings at s = 13 TeV

Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.

Eur Phys J C Part Fields, 2018;78(2):165.
PMID: 30996656 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5567-9

Four-lepton production in proton-proton collisions, p p → ( Z / γ ∗ ) ( Z / γ ∗ ) → 4 ℓ , where ℓ = e or μ , is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb - 1 . The ZZ production cross section, σ ( p p → Z Z ) = 17.2 ± 0.5 (stat) ± 0.7 (syst) ± 0.4 (theo) ± 0.4 (lumi) pb , measured using events with two opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs produced in the mass region 60 < m ℓ + ℓ - < 120 GeV , is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are measured and are well described by the theoretical predictions. The Z boson branching fraction to four leptons is measured to be B ( Z → 4 ℓ ) = 4 . 83 - 0.22 + 0.23 ( s t a t ) - 0.29 + 0.32 ( s y s t ) ± 0.08 ( t h e o ) ± 0.12 ( l u m i ) × 10 - 6 for events with a four-lepton invariant mass in the range 80 < m 4 ℓ < 100 GeV and a dilepton mass m ℓ ℓ > 4 GeV for all opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs. The results agree with standard model predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ γ couplings at 95% confidence level: - 0.0012 < f 4 Z < 0.0010 , - 0.0010 < f 5 Z < 0.0013 , - 0.0012 < f 4 γ < 0.0013 , - 0.0012 < f 5 γ < 0.0013 .
Fulltext Exposure to selected limonene oxidation products: 4-OPA, IPOH, 4-AMCH induces oxidative stress and inflammation in human lung epithelial cell lines

Lipsa D, Barrero-Moreno J, Coelhan M

Chemosphere, 2018 Jan;191:937-945.
PMID: 29145138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.065

Limonene oxidation products (LOPs) have gained interest on their harmful health effects over time. Recently, studies have shown that the selected LOPs: 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), 3-isopropenyl-6-oxo-heptanal (IPOH) and 4-acetyl-1-methylcyclohexene (4-AMCH) have sensory irritation effects in mice and inflammatory effects in human lung cells. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the potential capacity of 4-OPA, IPOH and 4-AMCH to cause cell membrane damage, oxidative stress and inflammation in human bronchial (16HBE14o-) and alveolar (A549) epithelial cell lines. Overall results suggest that 4-OPA, IPOH have cytotoxic effects on human lung cells that might be mediated by ROS: the highest concentration applied of IPOH [500 μM] enhanced ROS generation by 100-fold ± 7.7 (A549) and 230-fold ± 19.9 (16HBE14o-) compared to the baseline. 4-OPA [500 μM] increased ROS levels by 1.4-fold ± 0.3 (A549) and by 127-fold ± 10.5 (16HBE14o-), while treatment with 4-AMCH [500 μM] led to 0.9-fold ± 0.2 (A549) and 49-fold ± 12.8 (16HBE14o-) increase. IPOH [500 μM] caused a decrease in the thiol-state balance (e.g. after 2 h, GSH:GSSG was reduced by 37% compared to the untreated 16HBE14o-cells). 4-OPA [500 μM] decreased the GSH:GSSG by 1.3-fold change in A549 cells and 1.4-fold change in 16HBE14o-cells. No statistically significant decrease in the GSH:GSSG in A549 and 16HBE14o-cell lines was observed for 4-AMCH [500 μM]. In addition, IPOH and 4-OPA [31.2 μM] increased the amount of the inflammatory markers: RANTES, VEGF and EGF. On the other hand, 4-AMCH [31.2 μM] did not show inflammatory effects in A549 or 16HBE14o-cells. The 4-OPA, IPOH and 4-AMCH treatment concentration and time-dependently induce oxidative stress and/or alteration of inflammatory markers on human bronchial and alveolar cell lines.

MeSH terms: Aldehydes/pharmacology; Cell Line; Cyclohexanes/pharmacology; Epithelial Cells/drug effects; Epithelial Cells/metabolism; Epithelial Cells/pathology; Humans; Inflammation/chemically induced*; Inflammation/metabolism; Ketones/pharmacology; Lung/metabolism; Lung/pathology*; Terpenes/toxicity*; Terpenes/chemistry; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism; Oxidative Stress/drug effects*; Cyclohexenes/toxicity*; Cyclohexenes/chemistry; A549 Cells
Fulltext Transient Pseudohypoaldosteronism in an Infant: A Case Report

Latt TN, Rahman SI, Nor NSM

J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2018;33(1):45-48.
PMID: 34400852 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.033.01.07

Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism is strongly linked to urinary tract infections complicating structural urinary tract anomalies. A 3-month-old baby girl with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis associated with urinary tract infection and structural urinary tract anomalies was diagnosed with transient pseudohypoaldosteronism following elevated serum aldosterone and normal 17-hydroxyprogesterone level. Electrolytes normalized with corrections and antibiotic therapy. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in an infant presenting with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and urinary tract infection with or without associated urinary tract anomalies.
Fulltext تنظيم النسل: مفاهيمه التطبيقية دراسة مقاصدية

Ahmed El-Mogtaba Bannga Ahmed Ali

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):343-351.
MyJurnal

مل البحث على عكس تطبيقات قضية تنظيم النسل عبر تاريخ البشرية، مستعرضا الأدلة النقلية من القرآن والسنة وتحليلهاها، مهبهر ا دور الإسلام وتوجيااته وضوابطه ومقاصده فيما يتعلق بالنسل، ومن أجل مقاصد الإسلام في النسل هي تكهيهيهره، وتهحهديهد الهنهسهل أو تنظيمه ضرورة مرحلية وموضعية، فالأصل تحريماا ومحاربتاا، وقد تبين من واقع البحث أن تحديهد الهنهسهل وفهق مسهاقهات الهقهرآن واحدة من سبل العذاب الممارسة من قبل الطغاة كفرعون والنمرود، وفي المقابل كيرة النسل نوعا من النعم الربانية، ذكهر تهعهالهى باا قوم شعيب، وحث قوم نوح على الإكيار من الاستغفار والتسبيح، وبين لام أن ذلك سببا لتكيير النسل، وتبين أن ما تمر به البهشهريهة من تحديات إقتصادية لا علاقة لاا بكيرة النسل، فاي ذات علاقة مباشرة بالفساد الاقتصادي والسياسي والاجهتهمهاعهي، وبهيهن الهبهحهث تعاظم دور الطب في تطبيقات علم الأجنة، مما تقتضي مراعاة أخلاق المان الطبية، وتوظيفاا فيما يحقيق مصالهح مشهروعهة ويهدر مفاسد مخظورة، وقد اعتمد البحث مناج الاستقراء، والتحليل في لملة أطراف الموضوع وتحليله، والاستفادة من معطياتهه، لهتهتهواكهب مع ما يرمي إليه الإسلام في قضايا النسل والتناس
Fulltext الممارسة الطبية في ضوء منظومة مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية

Hannan Sadhar, Abdul Aziz Bargo

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):365-372.
MyJurnal

يتناول هذا البحث بالتحليل مسألة الممارسة الطبية من خلال منظومة مقاصد الشريعة، وبيان أهمية تطبيق المباديء الطبية الإسلاميهة، والقيم الأخلاقية التي شدد علياا الإسلام ،وجعلاا أساسا لترشيد الممارسة الطبية. وقد حفل الإسلام وتاريخه وحضهارتهه بهالهتهوجهيهاهات
والممارسات المتعلقة بممارسة مانة الطب إعدادا، وتكوينا وممارسة وتوجياا وتقويما لسلوو الطبيب وعمله الميداني. فبالإضافهة إلهى أهمية حصول الطبيب على التكوين العلمي والمعرفي العالي يحتاج إلى امتلاو القيم والأخلاقيات التي توجه عمله، وترشهد مهمهارسهتهه الطبية في واقع الحياة. لقد كانت الممارسة الطبية في عمقاا عبادة وأداءا لواجب إنساني ومجتهمهعهي أصهيهل فهي الإسهلام. كهمها كهانهت الممارسة الطبية محكومة بمقاصد وقيم أخلاقية واضحة. وقد اتبع هذا البحث المناج الاستقراءي وتحهلهيهل الهنهصهوا لهيهقهدم تصهورا متكاملا للممارسة الطبية في ضوء منظومة المقاصد الشرعية. وتوصل البحث إلى أن الإسلام ترو تراثا مقاصهديها وقهيهمهيها وأخهلاقهيها كبيرا لترشيد الممارسة الطبية وضبطاا لتكون إنسانية في المقام الأول، وعلمية رصينة في المقام الياني. وأوصى البحث بضرورة أن تتعمق الدراسات والأبحا في هذا المجال المام من أجل تعميق النظر في المنظومهة الهمهقهاصهديهة الهخهاصهة بهالهمهمهارسهات الهطهبهيهة، وترسيخاا في البرامج التكوينية لطلبة الطب، وجعلاا محورا أساسيا في تكوينام وممارستا
Fulltext Vaccination: influencing factors and view from an islamic perspective.

Engku Nuraishah Huda E. Zainudin, Athirah Aris, Intan Azura Shahdan, Khairool Azizul Mohammad

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):273-280.
MyJurnal

Vaccine refusing and hesitant among parents has created a delicate issue for the health care providers because of its sensitivity in cultural differences, educational backgrounds and to a certain extent, politically motivated. Vaccination, which is an important intervention, correlates well with the priorities of Islamic jurisprudence (Maqasid al-Shariah); that states the preservation of life comes second after the preservation of Deen(religion). From the Islamic point of view, life is a gift from Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala (SWT; the Most Glorified, the Most High) and its protection and continuation is of greatest value and need. Aims: This brief article has the objective to firstly, investigate factors that influence vaccination, and secondly, understand the Islamic perspective on vaccination. Methodology: Relevant literatures were reviewed based on a combination of one or more of the following keywords: vaccine, vaccination decision, vaccine hesitancy, factors influencing vaccine, vaccine impact, Islamic perspective and Muslims practice. An Islamic perspective on vaccination was extracted using the primary sources (related Qur’anic verses and Hadith) as well as secondary sources (fatwa; Islamic jurisprudence, made by Islamic scholars). Lastly, the current available Shariahrulings on vaccination and the related principles involved were analyzed. Conclusion: The main outcome of this review would allow various parties. i.e. the community, health scientists, medical practitioners and vaccine manufacturers, to be cognizant in both earlier and recent Shariahrulings pertaining vaccination.
Fulltext Transformational and transactional leadership styles in enhancing nurse educator’s job satisfaction: an integrative analysis of conventional and islamic approaches.

Soo-Foon Moey, Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):319-332.
MyJurnal

As nursing education gets more complex, leadership styles employed in these nursing training institutions played a crucial role in achieving nurse educators’ job satisfaction. As such, this study intends to elicit attributes and practices of nursing academic leaders’ transformational and transactional leadership styles in enhancing the job satisfaction of nurse educators. The qualitative method used for the study was based on the phenomenological approach to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour through interview, documents and observations. Purposive sampling was undertaken in selecting nine nurse educators from three nursing colleges from Johor and Melaka. Data from the interview were summarized in answering nurse educators' job satisfaction and perceived leadership styles and practices of nursing academic leaders. The responses from the verbatim transcriptions were analysed using the software Atlas Ti. The strong relationship between nursing academic leadership styles and nurse educators’ job satisfaction suggested that the academic nursing transformational leadership style played a prominent role on subordinates’ job satisfaction and that nursing academic leaders’ transformational leadership practices and attributes had the ability to encourage subordinates to achieve more than what they planned. Transactional leadership practised by the nursing academic leaders indicated a weak link to subordinates’ job satisfaction as the leaders’ emphasis on payoffs for performance and corrective actions were not as acceptable to that of transformational leadership attributes practised by the leaders. The study uncovered effective leadership was enacted via engaging leadership where the leader enabled the development of an organization modelled by a culture of integrity, transparency, accessibility and genuine valuing of others and that their contributions were concerned for the development and well-being of others. In fact, moral attributes like integrity, trustworthiness and commitment to work as well as decision making styles of leaders such as being consultative leader are among the basic Islamic teachings on establishing worthy social order.
Fulltext The needs of islamic health-related quality of life instrument: a review

Najwa Haneem Binti Mohamad, Harmy Mohamed Yusoff, Rahmah Mohd Amin, Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik, Mahadzirah Mohamad

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):253-265.
MyJurnal

One of the best ways to evaluate persons’ health quality is through measuring their Quality of Life (QoL). The QoL concept gained rapid popularity over the last four decades in assessing health. It has been used as the sole endpoint in studies designed specifically to develop a positive physical or mental well-being of sick people. The purpose of this review is to address the needs of a new Islam-specific health-related QoL instruments for Muslim patients. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. For the purpose of the review, QoL domains from WHOQOL SRPB instrument was referred. The identified QoL instruments were then reviewed for their domains and dimensions included in it. At present, there is no specific QoL instrument to assess health-related QoL among Muslim patients’ despite being fastest-growing religion and contribute 23% of the world population. Muslims believes that Islam is a comprehensive way of life which puts religiosity and spirituality as an essential part of life. In addition, QoL is regarded as an important aspect in health care by the World Health Organization (WHO) and spiritual well-being is one of the WHO QoL dimensions. To date, no instrument has been developed to measure QoL specifically according to Islamic perspective. Hence a specific assessment tool of health-related QoL for this growing world population is highly needed. Islam is not only a religion but it’s a way of life and QoL should be beyond the religion perspectives. Therefore, this paper will present the gap found in the review of the existing QoL instruments. Identifying this gap will enable us to develop a tool which is more sensitive to the Muslim population.
Fulltext The islamic perspective of lingual dens evaginatus in a mandibular left second premolar: a case report.

Anisa Kusumawardani, Yunita Dewi Ardini, Taufiq Hidayat Hasan

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):333-336.
MyJurnal

Dens evaginatus (DE) is a developmental anomaly. It is an extra cusp or tubercle that protrudes from the occlusal surface of posterior teeth, as well as the lingual surface of anterior teeth. Tubercles are susceptible to pulp exposure from wear or fracture because of malocclusion;leading to pulpal complications early after eruption.DE may also complicate the process of daily routine oral health care. A 13-year-old girl presented to our polyclinic with sinus track at the posterior lower left buccal gingiva forthe past1 year. All 35 teeth were sound. At the lingual side, there was an accessory tooth in close relation to tooth 35 covered with supra-gingival inflammation. Electric pulp test (EPT) showed that tooth 35 was already non-vital. Intra-oral periapical (IOPA) radiograph and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan showed an abnormal-appearing root which shows DE with radiolucency at the periapical area. Root canal treatment was performed using crown down pressureless (CDP) technique and obturation was done using lateral condensation technique. The tooth was restored using composite restoration. DE is a rare condition. It is quite a challenge for dental practitioner since the diagnosis is difficult and the treatment options are limited. In the case of DE with necrotic pulp and periapical abscess, root canal treatment is a treatment of choice. We have to accept and appreciate any gift from Allah SWT whether it is good or bad, no equal divine creation except from Allah SWT.Therefore we need to take care of our oral hygiene to prevent diseases. In every disease, there is a cure; we thus need to try to do the best to find the cure and to not easily get rid of the tooth and replace it with a denture. Early diagnosis of DE can lead to proper treatment which can result in high success rate if it is followed by adequate restoration.
Fulltext The ethical significance of antibiotic resistance towards aquaculture practices.

AhmedJalal Khan Chowdhury1, Nur Nazifah Binti Mansor, Akbar John, Dilruba Nasrin, Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi, Suhaila Mohd Omar

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):195-301.
MyJurnal

In recent decade, aquaculture species, including fish are under danger from bio-aggressors like viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. These organisms harm either spontaneously or through aquatic animal husbandry practices or both. The chemicals employed in aquaculture are drugs like antibiotics used to treat diseases, chemicals introduced through construction materials and hormones used to alter the reproductive viability, sex and growth rates. Drugs used to treat disease are the most dangerous to the fish. These persistent antibiotics tend to increase antibiotic-resistant free-living bacteria, thereby altering the composition of normal marine and freshwater bacterial flora. Evidence suggests that these antibiotic-resistant organisms in the marine environment will, in turn, pass their antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria including human and animal pathogens. Antibiotic treatment in aquaculture is achieved by medicated baths and medicated food. In both cases, the probability exists for antibiotics to pass into the environment, affecting wildlife, remaining in the environment for extended periods of time and exerting their antibiotic effects to human. In this manner, potential alterations of the diversity of the marine micro-biota produced by antibiotics may alter the homeostasis of the marine environment and affect complex forms of life including fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and human beings. The contamination of surface waters with antimicrobials has become an increasing public health concern because of the emergence of multi-resistant pathogens. Efforts to make progress on these issues require us to raise, confront and enact some difficult ethical decisions that will affect the living standard of human. Nevertheless, excessive antibiotic use in aquaculture should be of high concern to the aquaculture industry and its regulators, to public officials dealing with human and animal health and with the preservation of the environment, and to non-governmental organizations dealing with these issues.

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