Browse publications by year: 2012

  1. Mahmood T, Anwar F, Abbas M, Boyce MC, Saari N
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(2):1380-1392.
    PMID: 22408396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021380
    Selected soluble sugars and organic acids were analyzed in strawberry, sweet cherry, and mulberry fruits at different ripening stages by HPLC. The amounts of fructose, glucose and sucrose were found to be: strawberry (1.79-2.86, 1.79-2.25 and 0.01-0.25 g/100 g FW), sweet cherry (0.76-2.35, 0.22-3.39 and 0.03-0.13 g/100 g) and mulberry (3.07-9.41, 1.53-4.95 and 0.01-0.25 g/100 g) at un-ripened to fully-ripened stages, respectively. The strawberry, sweet cherry and mulberry mainly contained tartaric, citric and ascorbic acids in the range of 16-55, 70-1934 and 11-132 mg/100 g; 2-8, 2-10 and 10-17 mg/100 g; 2-118, 139-987 and 2-305 mg/100 g at un-ripened to fully-ripened stages, respectively. Fructose and glucose were established to be the major sugars in all the tested fruit while citric and ascorbic acid were the predominant organic acids in strawberry and mulberry while tartaric acid was mainly present in sweet cherry. The tested fruits mostly showed an increase in the concentration of sugars and organic acids with ripening.
    MeSH terms: Ascorbic Acid/analysis*; Food Analysis*; Fructose/analysis*; Fruit/chemistry*; Glucose/analysis*; Citric Acid/analysis*; Prunus/chemistry*; Morus/chemistry*
  2. Nusem I, Loch A
    Malays Orthop J, 2012 Mar;6(1):46-8.
    PMID: 25279043 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1203.002
    ABSTRACT: The English literature reports a mere handful of cases involving simultaneous dislocation of two joints in the same finger. To our knowledge, all cases reported to date have been in skeletally mature individuals. We report a case of simultaneous proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints dislocations in one finger in a 14-year-old rugby player, managed by closed reduction and early mobilization, with excellent outcome.

    KEY WORDS: Proximal interphalangeal joint, Distal interphalangeal joint, Dislocation, Skeletally immature.

  3. Shrestha SK, Devkota P, Mainali LP
    Malays Orthop J, 2012 Jun;6(SupplA):16-9.
    PMID: 25279069 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1211.005
    BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive internal fixation is also called "biological internal fixation". This concept is used widely in the treatment of various fractures but to date, there have been no report about such application in the repair of isolated ulnar bone fractures.

    METHODS: Eleven patients with fracture of isolated ulnar bone (four AO type 22A11 and seven AO type 22A12), mean age 43.16 (range, 24- 59y), were treated using closed reduction and locking compression plate with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with the aim of minimising soft tissue damage.

    RESULTS: Fractures healed at an average of 7.8 weeks with good to excellent clinical outcomes. There were no complications such as nonunion, implant failure or neurovascular injuries.

    CONCLUSIONS: MIPO seems to be advantageous for soft tissue and bone biology. Good union was seen and fracture complications were also prevented by early mobilisation.

    KEY WORDS: Locking compression plate (LCP), closed reduction, isolated ulnar bone fracture, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO).

  4. Rasul CH, Muhammad F, Hossain MJ, Ahmed KU, Rahman M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Apr;19(2):67-73.
    PMID: 22973139
    BACKGROUND: Acute meningoencephalitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of acute meningoencephalitis and its aetiological agents among children admitted to a tertiary hospital in southern Bangladesh.

    METHODS: This prospective study was carried out in Khulna Medical College Hospital from 2007 to 2009. All of the admitted children between 1 month and 12 years of age were enrolled over a 2-year period if they met the inclusion criteria of having an acute onset of fever (≤ 14 days) and any of the following 3 signs: neck stiffness, convulsion, or altered mental status. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected within hours and sent to the laboratory for cytological and biochemical analyses. CSF was examined by Gram staining and a latex agglutination test to detect common bacteria. Serum and CSF were also tested for Japanese encephalitis virus antibodies.

    RESULTS: A total of 140 children were included in the study, which accounted for 2.5% of admissions between 2007 and 2009. The number of acute meningoencephalitis cases was relatively higher (37.9%) during the monsoon season. The CSF report revealed a pyogenic form in 24 (18.5%) and a viral form in 13 (10.0%) cases. Altered mental status was significantly less frequent (P < 0.001) in cases of pyogenic meningoencephalitis (62.5%) than in cases of non-pyogenic meningoencephalitis (93.4%). Bacterial causes were identified in 11 (8.5%) children; the causative agents included Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 8), Neisseria meningitides (n = 2), and Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1). Three (2.3%) patients were positive for Japanese encephalitis virus.

    CONCLUSION: S. pneumoniae was the most common bacteria causing acute meningoencephalitis among the study subjects, and Japanese encephalitis virus was present in few patients.

  5. Rasyid HN, Ismiarto YD, Prasetia R
    Malays Orthop J, 2012 Nov;6(3):3-6.
    PMID: 25279047 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1207.012
    ABSTRACT: Background : Use of predominantly anaerobic energy systems such as that seen in 800-meter athlete runners disrupts mitochondrial function as an energy source. Furthermore, it produces free radical substances and causes myocyte damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma concentrations correlate with free radical levels and are therefore predictive of cell damage.

    OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effect of flavonoid antioxidant from chocolate bean extract for prevention of lipid peroxidation of myocyte membranes caused by free radical substances in athletes partaking in predominantly anaerobic sports.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study of population consisted of 16 junior athletes who compete in 800-meter races. This was a randomized experimental study. Subjects were divided into two groups, chocolate bean extracts and placebo groups, and then practiced regularly for 14 days. All subjects were assessed on day 15. RESULTS were analysed statistically using paired t test, ANOVA and Duncan tests.

    RESULTS: Concentrations of MDA were reduced in flavonoid group.

    CONCLUSION: Flavonoid antioxidant from chocolate bean extract may prevent myocyte damage was caused by reperfusion injury.

  6. Amin M, Anwar F, Janjua MRSA, Iqbal MA, Rashid U
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(8):9923-9941.
    PMID: 22949839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089923
    A green synthesis route for the production of silver nanoparticles using methanol extract from Solanum xanthocarpum berry (SXE) is reported in the present investigation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNps), having a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band centered at 406 nm, were synthesized by reacting SXE (as capping as well as reducing agent) with AgNO(3) during a 25 min process at 45 °C. The synthesized AgNps were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, powdered X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the time of reaction, temperature and volume ratio of SXE to AgNO(3) could accelerate the reduction rate of Ag(+) and affect the AgNps size and shape. The nanoparticles were found to be about 10 nm in size, mono-dispersed in nature, and spherical in shape. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of synthesized AgNps was tested against 34 clinical isolates and two reference strains of Helicobacter pylori by the agar dilution method and compared with AgNO(3) and four standard drugs, namely amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MNZ) and tetracycline (TET), being used in anti-H. pylori therapy. Typical AgNps sample (S1) effectively inhibited the growth of H. pylori, indicating a stronger anti-H. pylori activity than that of AgNO(3) or MNZ, being almost equally potent to TET and less potent than AMX and CLA. AgNps under study were found to be equally efficient against the antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible strains of H. pylori. Besides, in the H. pylori urease inhibitory assay, S1 also exhibited a significant inhibition. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that the mechanism of inhibition was noncompetitive.
    MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology; Fruit/chemistry*; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Silver/chemistry*; Urease/antagonists & inhibitors*; X-Ray Diffraction; Helicobacter pylori/drug effects; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy*; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology; Surface Plasmon Resonance; Solanum/chemistry*; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  7. Pedro A VS
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Jan;19(1):1-3.
    PMID: 22977368
    Brain disorders account for more than 34% of the global burden of disease, crippling nations by decreasing their "mental capital"-with greater effect in developing countries. Early detection is the key to their management, but establishing such programmes seems nearly impossible due to the high prevalence of the dysfunctions as compared with the high cost of neuroimaging devices. Thus, at first sight, the research of the Decade of the Brain and the international Human Brain Mapping Project might seem to be condemned to benefit only a small elite. Cuba has shown that is not so by using neurotechnology for the last 3 decades to implement stratified active screening programmes for brain disorders at the population level. This experience has shown that, by the transformation of health indicators, an appropriate use of technology can be integrated with attention to the population at the primary levels of both health care and education. An essential component of neurotechnology is neuroinformatics, which-like its counterpart bioinformatics-combines databases, analysis tools, and theoretical models to craft tools for early disease diagnosis and management. Much work remains to be done and will depend critically on south-south cooperation to solve problems for countries with similar situations.
  8. Brighton H, Gigerenzer G
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Oct;19(4):6-16.
    PMID: 23613644
    Heuristics are efficient cognitive processes that ignore information. In contrast to the widely held view that less processing reduces accuracy, the study of heuristics shows that less information, computation, and time can in fact improve accuracy. We discuss some of the major progress made so far, focusing on the discovery of less-is-more effects and the study of the ecological rationality of heuristics which examines in which environments a given strategy succeeds or fails, and why. Homo heuristicus has a biased mind and ignores part of the available information, yet a biased mind can handle uncertainty more efficiently and robustly than an unbiased mind relying on more resource-intensive and general-purpose processing strategies.
  9. Walter G, Pridmore S
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Oct;19(4):50-6.
    PMID: 23613648
    BACKGROUND: Current clinical wisdom is that the vast majority of those who complete suicide suffer from a mental disorder. Uncritical adherence to this belief may limit our understanding and restrict the full range of prevention activities. We aimed to examine the public record for accounts of suicide by men who had been, or were about to be, investigated or apprehended for "sex only" child sex offences, with a view to presenting a collection of case histories, and identifying examples of suicide in the apparent absence of mental disorder other than pedophilia.

    METHODS: The public record (hard and electronic copy) was examined.

    RESULTS: Twenty case histories were identified of men with no apparent mental disorder (other than pedophilia) who completed suicide shortly after exposure or threatened public exposure and/or early or potential legal punishment.

    CONCLUSION: This evidence strongly suggests that exposure or threatened public exposure of pedophilia and/or early or potential legal punishment creates a predicament, which may lead to completed suicide.

  10. Zubair M, Anwar F, Ashraf M, Uddin MK
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(4):4608-4622.
    PMID: 22605998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044608
    The present study reports the composition and variation of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and γ-oryzanol among selected varieties namely Basmati Super, Basmati 515, Basmati 198, Basmati 385, Basmati 2000, Basmati 370, Basmati Pak, KSK-139, KS-282 and Irri-6 of Pakistani rice (Oryza sativa L). Oil content extracted with n-hexane from different varieties of brown rice seed (unpolished rice) ranged from 1.92% to 2.72%. Total fatty acid contents among rice varieties tested varied between 18240 and 25840 mg/kg brown rice seed. The rice tested mainly contained oleic (6841-10952 mg/kg) linoleic (5453-7874 mg/kg) and palmitic acid (3613-5489 mg/kg). The amounts of total phytosterols (GC and GC-MS analysis), with main contribution from β-sitosterol (445-656 mg/kg), campesterol (116-242 mg/kg), Δ(5)-avenasterol (89-178 mg/kg) and stigmasterol (75-180 mg/kg) were established to be 739.4 to 1330.4 mg/kg rice seed. The content of α-, γ- and δ-tocopherols as analyzed by HPLC varied from 39.0-76.1, 21.6-28.1 and 6.5-16.5 mg/kg rice seed, respectively. The amounts of different γ-oryzanol components (HPLC data), identified as cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylene cycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate and β-sitosteryl ferulate, were in the range of 65.5-103.6, 140.2-183.1, 29.8-45.5 and 8.6-10.4 mg/kg rice seed, respectively. Overall, the concentration of these bioactives was higher in the Basmati rice cultivars showing their functional food superiority. In conclusion, the tested varieties of Pakistani rice, especially the Basmati cultivars, can provide best ingredients for functional foods.
    MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fatty Acids/metabolism*; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Pakistan; Phenylpropionates/metabolism*; Plant Extracts; Oryza/metabolism*; Seeds; Sterols/metabolism*; Tocopherols/metabolism*
  11. Mohandas Rao KG, Rao MS, Rao GS
    Chin J Integr Med, 2012 Dec 03.
    PMID: 23212568
    OBJECTIVE: Centella asiatica (CeA), a creeper, growing in moist places in India and other Asian countries. Leaves of CeA are used for memory enhancement in Ayurvedic system of medicine, an alternative system of medicine originated from India. In the present study, we have investigated the role of CeA fresh leaf extract treatment on adult rats on dendritic morphology of amygdaloid neurons, one of the regions concerned with learning and memory. METHODS: Adult rats (2.5-month old) were fed with 2, 4 and 6 mL/(day kg) of fresh leaf extract of CeA for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. After the treatment period the rats were killed, brains were removed and amygdaloid neurons were impregnated with silver nitrate (Golgi staining). Such silver impregnated amygdaloid neurons were traced using camera lucida and dendritic branching points (a measure of dendritic arborization) and intersections (a measure of dendritic length) were quantified. These data were compared with those of age matched control rats. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in the dendritic length (intersections) and dendritic branching points in amygdaloid neurons of the rats treated with higher dose [6 mL/(day·kg)] of CeA for longer period of time (i.e. 6 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Constituents/active principles present CeA fresh leaf extract has neuronal dendritic growth stimulating property; hence it can be used for enhancing neuronal dendrites in stress and other neurodegenerative and memory disorders.
  12. ISBN: 978-967-0399-39-3
    Citation: Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Control & Management of Tuberculosis, Third Edition. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2012
    Quick Reference: http://www.acadmed.org.my/view_file.cfm?fileid=568
    Training Manual: http://www.acadmed.org.my/view_file.cfm?fileid=628

    Older version: First Edition (2002); Second Edition (2006)
    MeSH terms: Humans; Infection; Malaysia; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis; Guidelines as Topic
  13. Citation: Occupational Health Unit, Disease Control Division. Guidelines on Prevention and Management of Tuberculosis for Health Care Workers in Ministry of Health Malaysia. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2012
    MeSH terms: Health Personnel; Humans; Infection; Malaysia; Tuberculosis; Guidelines as Topic*
  14. Ramesh S, Shanti R, Morris E
    Carbohydr Polym, 2012 Jan 04;87(1):701-706.
    PMID: 34663024 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.047
    A series of polymer electrolytes composed of corn starch (CS), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LITFSI) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) were fabricated by solution casting technique. The DES was synthesized from a mixture of choline chloride and urea at a molar ratio of 1:2. The addition of DES is crucial in enhancing the room temperature ionic conductivity by increasing the amorphous elastomeric phase in CS:LITFSI matrix. The ionic transport mechanism is improved and appreciable amount of ion conducting polymer electrolytes is produced. The highest ionic conductivity achieved for the polymer electrolyte composition CS:LiTFSI:DES (14wt.%:6wt.%:80wt.%) is 1.04×10-3Scm-1. The anomalies that were observed with the addition of DES upon formation of neutral ion multiples were visually revealed by the SEM micrographs. The possible dipole-dipole interaction between the constituents was visualized by the FTIR spectroscopy upon change in cage peaks.
  15. Das S, Rajalingham S
    Pain, 2012 Jan;153(1):250-251.
    PMID: 22119339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.039
    MeSH terms: Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal/administration & dosage*; Female; Humans; Pain/blood*; Pain/drug therapy*; Pain Measurement/drug effects*; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/blood*; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/drug therapy*; Drug Delivery Systems/methods*
  16. Mohd Nawawi H, Abdul Rahman T, Mohd Ismail A, Ismail TS, Ramli AS, Yusoff K, et al.
    J Hypertens, 2012;30:e196.
    DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000420656.24296.e4
    Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality globally, primarily attributed by atherosclerosis, of which dyslipidaemia is one of the main risk factors. There is limited data in Malaysia on the prevalence and awareness of having dyslipidaemia, and the proportion who are treated.
    Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of (1)dyslipidaemia; (2)awareness of dyslipidaemia and (3)subjects with dyslipidaemia who are treated.
    Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving 11,525 Malaysian subjects from various rural and urban populations, with representations from the three major ethnic groups (age mean + SD: 52.6 + 11.3years; 6487 females, 5038 males). Clinical history and physical examinations were performed and fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of lipid profiles. Dyslipidaemia was defined by mild, moderate or severe hypercholesterolaemia(HC):TC > 5.2, 6.5 and 7.8mmol/L respectively, or hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG):TG > 1.7 mmol/L, or low HDL-c:females < 1.3, males < 1.0mmol/L. Questionnaires were completed for data on awareness and treatment of dyslipidaemia.
    Results: Subjects with HC and HTG were 66.9% and 40.9% respectively. Low HDL-c were found in 15.2% and 74.9% in females and males respectively. Among those with HC, 42.6%, 19.3% and 5.0% had mild, moderate and severe HC respectively. Awareness of dyslipidaemia was only found in 13.9% of the population, of whom only 8.0% were on treatment.
    Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of dyslipidaemias in Malaysia, majority of whom are unaware of having the major risk factor for atherosclerosis-related complications such as CAD. Hence, there is an urgent need for coronary risk identification, prevention and intervention to combat the global epidemic of CAD
    MeSH terms: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnic Groups; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Malaysia; Male; Rural Population; Urban Population; Prevalence
  17. Zucchi TD, Tan GYA, Bonda ANV, Frank S, Kshetrimayum JD, Goodfellow M
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2012 Jun;62(Pt 6):1245-1251.
    PMID: 21764982 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.031039-0
    The taxonomic positions of three thermophilic actinomycetes isolated from arid soil samples were established by using a polyphasic approach. The organisms had chemical and morphological features that were consistent with their classification in the genus Amycolatopsis. 16S rRNA gene sequence data supported the classification of the isolates in the genus Amycolatopsis and showed that they formed distinct branches in the Amycolatopsis methanolica subclade. DNA-DNA relatedness studies between the isolates and their phylogenetic neighbours showed that they belonged to distinct genomic species. The three isolates were readily distinguished from one another and from the type strains of species classified in the A. methanolica subclade based on a combination of phenotypic properties and by genomic fingerprinting. Consequently, it is proposed that the three isolates be classified in the genus Amycolatopsis as representatives of Amycolatopsis granulosa sp. nov. (type strain GY307(T) = NCIMB 14709(T) = NRRL B-24844(T)), Amycolatopsis ruanii sp. nov. (type strain NMG112(T) = NCIMB 14711(T) = NRRL B-24848(T)) and Amycolatopsis thermalba sp. nov. (type strain SF45(T) = NCIMB 14705(T) = NRRL B-24845(T)).
    MeSH terms: Actinomycetales/classification*; Actinomycetales/genetics; Actinomycetales/isolation & purification*; DNA, Bacterial/genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Soil Microbiology*
  18. Zucchi TD, Tan GYA, Goodfellow M
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2012 Jan;62(Pt 1):168-172.
    PMID: 21378137 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.029256-0
    The taxonomic positions of two thermophilic actinomycetes isolated from an arid Australian soil sample were established based on an investigation using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organisms had chemical and morphological properties typical of members of the genus Amycolatopsis and formed distinct phyletic lines in the Amycolatopsis methanolica 16S rRNA subclade. The two organisms were distinguished from one another and from the type strains of related species of the genus Amycolatopsis using a range of phenotypic properties. Based on the combined genotypic and phenotypic data, it is proposed that the two isolates be classified in the genus Amycolatopsis as Amycolatopsis thermophila sp. nov. (type strain GY088(T)=NCIMB 14699(T)=NRRL B-24836(T)) and Amycolatopsis viridis sp. nov. (type strain GY115(T)=NCIMB 14700(T)=NRRL B-24837(T)).
    MeSH terms: Actinomycetales/classification*; Actinomycetales/genetics; Actinomycetales/isolation & purification*; Actinomycetales/physiology; Australia; DNA, Bacterial/genetics; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics; DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Soil Microbiology*; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cluster Analysis; Sequence Analysis, DNA
  19. Kämpfer P, Lai WA, Arun AB, Young CC, Rekha PD, Martin K, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2012 Nov;62(Pt 11):2750-2756.
    PMID: 22286908 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.039057-0
    A Gram-negative, coccoid-shaped bacterium, strain CC-CCM15-8(T), was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the plant Crossostephium chinense (L.) Makino (Seremban) from Budai Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly allocated strain CC-CCM15-8(T) to the Paracoccus cluster, showing highest similarities to the type strains of 'Paracoccus beibuensis' (98.8%), Paracoccus homiensis (97.6%), Paracoccus aestuarii (97.7%) and Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens (97.7%). The fatty acid profile, comprising C(18:1)ω7c as the major component and C(10:0) 3-OH as the characteristic hydroxylated fatty acid, supported the placement of strain CC-CCM15-8(T) within the genus Paracoccus. The polyamine pattern consisted of putrescine and spermidine as major components. Ubiqinone Q-10 was the major quinone type (95%); ubiquinone Q-9 was also detected (5%). The complex polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and unidentified phospholipids, lipids and glycolipids. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CC-CCM15-8(T) and 'P. beibuensis' LMG 25871(T), P. aestuarii DSM 19484(T), P. zeaxanthinifaciens LMG 21993(T) and P. homiensis KACC 11518(T) were 24.9% (34.8%, reciprocal analysis), 15.7% (17.5%), 17.7% (23.4%) and 16.0% (25.4%), respectively. Physiological and biochemical test results allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain CC-CCM15-8(T) from its closest relatives in the genus Paracoccus. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that strain CC-CCM15-8(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-CCM15-8(T) (=LMG 26205(T)=CCM 7904(T)).
    MeSH terms: DNA, Bacterial/genetics; Fatty Acids/analysis; Molecular Sequence Data; Paracoccus/classification*; Paracoccus/genetics; Paracoccus/isolation & purification; Phylogeny*; Polyamines/analysis; Quinones/analysis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Soil Microbiology; Taiwan; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Asteraceae/microbiology*; Rhizosphere*
  20. Ghaderi Z, Mat Som AP, Henderson JC
    Tour Manag Perspect, 2012 04 26;2:79-84.
    PMID: 32289006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2012.03.006
    Crisis management and tourism is attracting increasing attention as an industry practice and subject of academic enquiry, not least in South East Asia which has been affected by a number of severe crises in recent years. However, organisations are not always well prepared and response strategies can be deficient. The paper discusses issues of tourism crisis management with specific reference to the popular Malaysian destination of Penang. Findings are based on qualitative research consisting of semi-structured interviews with industry leaders from assorted sectors. Tourism in Penang emerges as vulnerable to regional and global events which act as a trigger for tourism crises, demanding a response in which various strategies are employed. The destination is also seen to recover fairly quickly from experiences of crises, but a well designed and formulated tourism crisis management plan under the stewardship of the public sector is necessary to mitigate further damage in the future.
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