MyMedR

Wet mount rimmer

Harrop LL

Malayan Medical Journal, 1937;12:36.

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques

A new technic for the examination of trichomonas vaginalis

Hudson AEA

Malayan Medical Journal, 1937;12:73-4.

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques

Fulltext Health laboratory services in Malaysia

Chandrasekharan N

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):197-204.

PMID: 7176996

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/trends*

Fulltext Stacking gels: A method for maximising output for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Heng SK, Heng CK, Puthucheary SD

Indian J Med Microbiol, 2009 Apr-Jun;27(2):142-5.

PMID: 19384038 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.49428

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the gold standard of molecular typing methods, has a major disadvantage of an unusually long electrophoretic time. From the original protocol of 6 days, it was modified to 3 days and subsequently to a single day. We describe the procedure of stacking five to six gels one on top of another in order to increase and maximize the output in a shorter time without compromising the resolution and reproducibility. All the variables that affect pulsed field gels during electrophoresis were taken into consideration. We firstly optimized the parameters to be used and secondly determined whether stacking of five to six gels had any effect on the molecular separation during electrophoresis in comparison with a single gel run. DNA preparation, restriction, electrophoresis, staining and gel documentation was carried out based on previously published methods. Gels were analysed using BioNumerics and dice coefficient and unweighted pair group methods were used to generate dendrograms based on 1.5% tolerance values. Identical band profiles and band resolution-separation were seen in the PFGE patterns with single gel and multiple stacking gels. Cluster analysis further strengthened the fact that results from stacking gels were reproducible and comparable with a single gel run. This method of stacking gels saves time and maximizes the output at the same time. The run time for a single gel was about 28 hours, but with six stacked gels the run time was 54 hours compared with 28 x 6 = 168 hours if they were run separately as single gels thus saving time of 67.86%. Beside the big factor of saving time, stacking gels save resources (electricity, reagents, water, chemicals and working time) by increasing the sample throughput in a shorter time without compromising on quality of data. But optimization of working parameters is vital depending on the PFGE system used.

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/economics; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods*

Medicine in Malaysia: pathology

Looi LM

Med J Malaysia, 1995 May;50 Suppl A:S51-5.

PMID: 10968016

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/trends

Testing (HIV). Quick test receives Singapore approval

AIDS Wkly Plus, 1996 Apr 22.

PMID: 12290908

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques*

COVID-19 testing and diagnosis: A comparison of current approaches

Wong RSY

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):3-8.

PMID: 33903299

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a novel coronavirus that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation since March 2020. To date, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has exceeded 47 million and more than 1.2 million people have lost their lives to the disease. The disease is spreading at an exponential rate with no signs of slowing down. COVID-19 testing and early diagnosis play a crucial role in not just patient management, but also the prevention of the further spread of the disease. Various diagnostic approaches have been applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article will critically review these diagnostic approaches and compare each with the gold-standard, which is viral RNA detection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques*

The Top 25 Laboratory Tests by Volume and Revenue in Five Different Countries

Horton S, Fleming KA, Kuti M, Looi LM, Pai SA, Sayed S, et al.

Am J Clin Pathol, 2019 04 02;151(5):446-451.

PMID: 30535132 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy165

OBJECTIVES: To compare the most common diagnostic/laboratory tests across five different referral hospitals by volume and revenue.

METHODS: The authors obtained data on volumes and reimbursement rates for the most common 25 tests at the five hospitals with which they are affiliated and organized them to be as comparable as possible. Simple descriptive statistics were used to make cross-country comparisons.

RESULTS: There are strong similarities across all five hospitals in the top five tests by both volume and revenue. However, the top five by volume differ from the top five by revenue. Reimbursement rates also follow common patterns, being lowest for the most common biochemical test; intermediate for the most common hematology and microbiology tests, respectively; and highest for the most common pathology test.

CONCLUSIONS: Most of the most common tests also appear in the new Essential Diagnostics List. This may inform plans for universal health coverage.

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data*

Observations on the laboratory diagnosis of cerebral torulosis (cryptococcosis)

LIM TW, CHAN KE

Med J Malaya, 1962 Mar;16:193-205.

PMID: 14465296

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques*

A note on the laboratory diagnosis of virus and rickettsial diseases

SMITH CE

Med J Malaya, 1954 Sep;9(1):72-6.

PMID: 13213455

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques*

Fulltext Diagnosis of Dengue Infection Using Conventional and Biosensor Based Techniques

Parkash O, Shueb RH

Viruses, 2015 Oct 19;7(10):5410-27.

PMID: 26492265 DOI: 10.3390/v7102877

Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by four antigenically different serotypes of dengue virus. This disease is considered as a major public health concern around the world. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine or antiviral drug available for the prevention and treatment of dengue disease. Moreover, clinical features of dengue are indistinguishable from other infectious diseases such as malaria, chikungunya, rickettsia and leptospira. Therefore, prompt and accurate laboratory diagnostic test is urgently required for disease confirmation and patient triage. The traditional diagnostic techniques for the dengue virus are viral detection in cell culture, serological testing, and RNA amplification using reverse transcriptase PCR. This paper discusses the conventional laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of dengue during the acute and convalescent phase and highlights the advantages and limitations of these routine laboratory tests. Subsequently, the biosensor based assays developed using various transducers for the detection of dengue are also reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods*

Laboratory diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever

Med J Malaya, 1965 Sep;20(1):83-4.

PMID: 4221438

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques

Laboratory diagnosis of trachoma

Rose L

Med J Malaya, 1965 Sep;20(1):82-3.

PMID: 4221436

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques

Guidelines on maintenance and operation of equipment in a pathology laboratory (version 1/2004)

College of Pathologists, Academy of Medicine of, Malaysia

Malays J Pathol, 2005 Jun;27(1):69-70.

PMID: 16676697

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/instrumentation*

Laboratory needs in general practice

Penang Chapter, College of General Practitioners, Malaysia

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Sep;32(1):56-8.

PMID: 609345

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques*

Fulltext Diagnostic techniques for COVID-19 and new developments

Sheikhzadeh E, Eissa S, Ismail A, Zourob M

Talanta, 2020 Dec 01;220:121392.

PMID: 32928412 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121392

COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health issue today due to the rapid human to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus that causes fatal pneumonia. SARS -CoV-2 has a faster rate of transmission than other coronaviruses such as SARS and MERS and until now there are no approved specific drugs or vaccines for treatment. Thus, early diagnosis is crucial to prevent the extensive spread of the disease. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most routinely used method until now to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, several other faster and accurate assays are being developed for the diagnosis of COVID-19 aiming to control the spread of infection through the identification of patients and immediate isolation. In this review, we will discuss the various detection methods of the SARS-CoV-2 virus including the recent developments in immunological assays, amplification techniques as well as biosensors.

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods*

Experience of the first survey of the pilot project of Asian Quality Assurance Survey program

Lee KN, Yoon SY, Cho HI

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2002;33 Suppl 2:30-43.

PMID: 12755265

The Asian Network for Clinical Laboratory Standardization (ANCLS) decided to start her First Inter-laboratory Quality Assurance survey at the business meeting during the Second Asian Colloquium on October 21-22, 2000 in Kobe, Japan. The first survey materials of Asian Quality Assurance Survey (AQuAS) were distributed in July 2001 to 21 hospitals in the field of chemistry and 22 hospitals in the field of hematology among total 24 participating laboratories from seven Asian countries: Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. The survey methods in chemistry and in hematology were somewhat different. In chemistry the survey material was considered as unknown but handled similarly to the sample from the patient. Nineteen routine tests were performed only once. The hematology samples were considered as unknown but handled similarly to control or calibration material. Five parameters were tested five times repetitively and their average for each parameter was calculated. All the results were supposed to be sent back to the office within two weeks. Although it took more than two weeks, the return rate was 100%. The analysis was performed in several ways such as all the results together, by instruments and by methods. Mean, standard deviation (SD), standard deviation index (SDI), coefficient of variation (CV) and variance index score (VIS) were to be calculated in chemistry, and in hematology the same parameter were to be calculated except CV and VIS. In the first survey, the CV in chemistry was not calculated and the analysis by instrument or by methodology was also not attempted since there were not enough participating hospitals to do such analysis. In hematology the analysis was done by instrument only. The survey process was carried out successfully though there were some difficulties in communication tools, transportation methods and handling of specimens due to different weather conditions, and returning the report in the correct unit and to the correct place. The submitted data were acceptable for analysis. There were some differences in the units of measurement in different countries or laboratories. It was necessary to convert some of the units. Some laboratories apparently do not perform certain tests such as calcium, potasium and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT). The gamma-GT is the most frequently not performed test. With the experience of this first survey, all the members involved in the survey have been trained well to do future surveys.

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards*

Polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold value as prerequisite for reporting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection

Awang H, Hamzah FH, Ahmad MH, Mahmood MF, Wahab A, Embong K, et al.

Infect Dis (Lond), 2021 05;53(5):390-392.

PMID: 33512265 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.1876913

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques

Sunway Medical Laboratory Quality Control Plans Based on Six Sigma, Risk Management and Uncertainty

Jairaman J, Sakiman Z, Li LS

Clin. Lab. Med., 2017 Mar;37(1):163-176.

PMID: 28153364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2016.09.013

Sunway Medical Centre (SunMed) implemented Six Sigma, measurement uncertainty, and risk management after the CLSI EP23 Individualized Quality Control Plan approach. Despite the differences in all three approaches, each implementation was beneficial to the laboratory, and none was in conflict with another approach. A synthesis of these approaches, built on a solid foundation of quality control planning, can help build a strong quality management system for the entire laboratory.

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards

Cholera epidemic in the State of Kedah (1963-1964) with administrative, preventive measures, treatment and laboratory investigations

Subrahmanyam C

Med J Malaya, 1966 Sep;21(1):41-8.

PMID: 4224877

Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Laboratory Techniques

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