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Differences in mammographic density between Asian and Caucasian populations: a comparative analysis

Rajaram N, Mariapun S, Eriksson M, Tapia J, Kwan PY, Ho WK, et al.

Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2017 01;161(2):353-362.
PMID: 27864652 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4054-y

PURPOSE: Mammographic density is a measurable and modifiable biomarker that is strongly and independently associated with breast cancer risk. Paradoxically, although Asian women have lower risk of breast cancer, studies of minority Asian women in predominantly Caucasian populations have found that Asian women have higher percent density. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the distribution of mammographic density for a matched cohort of Asian women from Malaysia and Caucasian women from Sweden, and determined if variations in mammographic density could be attributed to population differences in breast cancer risk factors.
METHODS: Volumetric mammographic density was compared for 1501 Malaysian and 4501 Swedish healthy women, matched on age and body mass index. We used multivariable log-linear regression to determine the risk factors associated with mammographic density and mediation analysis to identify factors that account for differences in mammographic density between the two cohorts.
RESULTS: Compared to Caucasian women, percent density was 2.0% higher among Asian women (p

Matched MeSH terms: Sweden/epidemiology
[Melioidosis, an important diagnosis in the severely ill traveler]

Gylfe Å, Cajander S, Wahab T, Angelin M

Lakartidningen, 2017 10 09;114.
PMID: 28994855

Melioidosis, an important diagnosis in the severely ill traveler Melioidosis is a common tropical infection in Southeast Asia and is caused by the highly pathogenic soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Diagnosis and treatment is often challenging due to variations in clinical presentation, limited antibiotic susceptibility and high risk of recurring infection. In this report, three cases with different clinical presentations are described.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweden/epidemiology
Fulltext Haemonchus contortus: parasite problem No. 1 from tropics - Polar Circle. Problems and prospects for control based on epidemiology

Peter JW, Chandrawathani P

Trop Biomed, 2005 Dec;22(2):131-7.
PMID: 16883278 MyJurnal

There is no doubt that on a global basis, Haemonchus contortus is by far the most important parasite of small ruminants (sheep and goats). This is particularly more so now, with the development of high levels of resistance to both the broad and narrow spectrum anthelmintic drugs in H. contortus throughout the world. Epidemiological studies describe the lower environmental limits for haemonchosis to occur in sheep, as being a mean monthly temperature of 18C and approximately 50mm rainfall. Thus it has been generally recognised that H. contortus is a problem parasite restricted to the warm, wet countries where sheep and goats are raised. However, recent evidence shows that this parasite is apparently common even in northern Europe. Thus the need for sustainable control strategies for H. contortus is becoming much more pressing. This report highlights two examples of sustainable and highly efficient control programmes for H. contortus, that can be implemented in regions at the extremes of its geographic range (Malaysia and Sweden), where the authors have had direct involvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweden/epidemiology
Atopic Dermatitis: Racial and Ethnic Differences

Mei-Yen Yong A, Tay YK

Dermatol Clin, 2017 Jul;35(3):395-402.
PMID: 28577807 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2017.02.012

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting up to 20% of children and 3% of adults worldwide. There is wide variation in the prevalence of AD among different countries. Although the frequency of AD is increasing in developing countries, it seems to have stabilized in developed countries, affecting approximately 1 in 5 schoolchildren. Adult-onset AD is not uncommon and is significantly higher, affecting between 11% and 13% of adults in some countries, for example, Singapore, Malaysia, and Sweden. AD is thus associated with significant health care economic burden in all age groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweden/epidemiology
Chronic Disease Registries - Trends and Challenges

Schüz J, Fored M

Methods Inf Med, 2017 Aug 11;56(4):328-329.
PMID: 28726979 DOI: 10.3414/ME17-14-0004

BACKGROUND: This accompanying editorial is an introduction to the focus theme of "chronic disease registries - trends and challenges".
METHODS: A call for papers was announced on the website of Methods of Information in Medicine in April 2016 with submission deadline in September 2016. A peer review process was established to select the papers for the focus theme, managed by two guest editors.
RESULTS: Three papers were selected to be included in the focus theme. Topics range from contributions to patient care through implementation of clinical decision support functionality in clinical registries; analysing similar-purposed acute coronary syndrome registries of two countries and their registry-to-SNOMED CT maps; and data extraction for speciality population registries from electronic health record data rather than manual abstraction.
CONCLUSIONS: The focus theme gives insight into new developments related to disease registration. This applies to technical challenges such as data linkage and data as well as data structure abstraction, but also the utilisation for clinical decision making.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweden/epidemiology
The changing pattern of cataract surgery indications: a 5-year study of 2 cataract surgery databases

Lundström M, Goh PP, Henry Y, Salowi MA, Barry P, Manning S, et al.

Ophthalmology, 2015 Jan;122(1):31-8.
PMID: 25234011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.047

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe changes over time in the indications and outcomes of cataract surgery and to discuss optimal timing for the surgery.
DESIGN: Database study.
PARTICIPANTS: Patients who had undergone cataract extraction in the Netherlands, Sweden, or Malaysia from 2008 through 2012.
METHODS: We analyzed preoperative, surgical, and postoperative data from 2 databases: the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for Cataract and Refractive Surgery (EUREQUO) and the Malaysian National Cataract Registry. The EUREQUO contains complete data from the national cataract registries in the Netherlands and Sweden.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity, preoperative ocular comorbidity in the surgery eye, and capsule complications during surgery.
RESULTS: There were substantial differences in indication for surgery between the 3 national data sets. The percentage of eyes with a preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse varied from 7.1% to 72%. In all 3 data sets, the visual thresholds for cataract surgery decreased over time by 6% to 28% of the baseline values. The frequency of capsule complications varied between the 3 data sets, from 1.1% to 3.7% in 2008 and from 0.6% to 2.7% in 2012. An increasing postoperative visual acuity was also seen for all 3 data sets. A high frequency of capsule complication was related significantly to poor preoperative visual acuity, and a high frequency of decreased visual acuity after surgery was related significantly to excellent preoperative visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: The 5-year trend in all 3 national data sets showed decreasing visual thresholds for surgery, decreasing surgical complication rates, and increasing visual outcomes regardless of the initial preoperative visual level. Cataract surgery on eyes with poor preoperative visual acuity was related to surgical complications, and cataract surgery on eyes with excellent preoperative visual acuity was related to adverse visual results.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweden/epidemiology
Acute renal failure after a holiday in the tropics

Guron G, Holmdahl J, Dotevall L

Clin. Nephrol., 2006 Dec;66(6):468-71.
PMID: 17176921 DOI: 10.5414/cnp66468

A 20-year-old, previously healthy woman, presented with high fever, headache and myalgia 3 days after her return from a holiday in Southeast Asia. Laboratory data on admission demonstrated a pronounced increase in plasma creatinine, marked thrombocytopenia and moderately elevated liver aminotransferases. After having ruled out malaria, dengue fever was primarily suspected and supportive intravenous fluid therapy was initiated. Still, 1 day after admission, platelet counts dropped even further and she became anuric although she did not appear hypovolemic. On day 2 after admission, urine production commenced spontaneously and the patient slowly recovered. All laboratory test results had returned to normal approximately 2 months later. Serological analysis for dengue fever was negative. It turned out that the patient had been trekking in the jungle while in Thailand and we, therefore, analyzed serology for Leptospira spirochetes which was clearly positive. The patient was diagnosed with leptospirosis which is a serious condition associated with a high mortality when complicated by acute renal failure. Differential diagnoses in patients with acute renal failure and tropical infections are reviewed. The importance of early recognition of leptospirosis, and prompt treatment with antibiotics in suspected cases, is emphasized.

Matched MeSH terms: Sweden/epidemiology
Fulltext Outcome and presentation of heart failure in breast cancer patients: findings from a Swedish register-based study

Hedayati E, Papakonstantinou A, Gernaat SAM, Altena R, Brand JS, Alfredsson J, et al.

Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes, 2020 04 01;6(2):147-155.
PMID: 31328233 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcz039

AIMS: Heart failure (HF) patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) may have a higher risk of death, and different HF presentation and treatment than patients without BC.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 14 998 women with incident HF (iHF) or prevalent HF (pHF) enrolled in the Swedish HF Registry within and after 1 month since HF diagnosis, respectively, between 2008 and 2013. Patients were linked with the National Patient-, Cancer-, and Cause-of-Death Registry. Two hundred and ninety-four iHF and 338 pHF patients with BC were age-matched to 1470 iHF and 1690 pHF patients without BC. Comorbidity and treatment characteristics were compared using the χ2 tests for categories. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among HF patients with and without BC. In the pHF group, BC patients had less often myocardial infarction (21.6% vs. 28.6%, P

Matched MeSH terms: Sweden/epidemiology