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  1. Goon MS, Raman S, Sinnathuray TA
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1987 Aug;27(3):173-7.
    PMID: 3435354
    Our experience from 1968 to 1985 in 12 women requiring closed mitral valvotomy during pregnancy is reviewed. All patients had severe mitral stenosis and were in functional class 3 (2 patients) or class 4 (10 patients). Mitral valvotomy was performed between the 18th and the 30th week of pregnancy using a transventricular dilator. Improvement in functional class was noted in all patients postoperatively. One patient had postvalvotomy mitral regurgitation and heart failure, which responded to diuretics; the subsequent course was uneventful. Eleven patients had normal deliveries; whilst one patient had a Caesarean section for an obstetric indication. All babies were normal and there was no maternal death. This series confirms that closed mitral valvotomy can be performed with an acceptable degree of safety during pregnancy, when indicated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/surgery*
  2. Md Noh MSF, Abdul Rashid AM, Abdul Rahim E
    J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol, 2018 07;25(3):e30-e32.
    PMID: 29944591 DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000456
    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/surgery
  3. Rai V, Shariffuddin II, Chan YK, Muniandy RK, Wong KK, Singh S
    BMC Anesthesiol, 2014;14:49.
    PMID: 25002831 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2253-14-49
    BACKGROUND: Complete heart block in pregnancy has serious implications particularly during the period of delivery. This is more so if the delivery is an operative one as the presence of heart block may produce haemodynamic instability in the intra operative period. We report a unique case of a pregnant mother with complete heart block undergoing hysterostomy, complicated by placenta accreta and intrauterine death.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 37 year old Malaysian Chinese parturient was admitted at 25 weeks gestation following a scan which suggested intrauterine death and placenta accreta. She was diagnosed to have congenital complete heart block after her first delivery eight years previously but a pacemaker was never inserted. These medical conditions make her extremely likely to experience massive bleeding and haemodynamic instability. Among the measures taken to optimise her pre-operatively were the insertion of a temporary intravenous pacemaker and embolization of the uterine arteries to minimize peri-operative blood loss. She successfully underwent surgery under general anesthesia, which was relatively uneventful and was discharged well on the fourth post-operative day.

    CONCLUSION: Congenital heart block in pregnancies in the presence of potential massive bleeding is best managed by a team, with meticulous pre-operative optimization. Suggested strategies would include insertion of a temporary pacemaker and embolization of the uterine arteries to reduce the risk of the patient getting into life threatening situations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/surgery
  4. Sachithanandan A
    Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2010 Nov;11(5):681.
    PMID: 20962169 DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2010.247460A
    Matched MeSH terms: Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/surgery*
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