Objective: Evaluative concerns perfectionism is related to both rumination and social anxiety. However, the mediating role of rumination between two types of perfectionism-namely, evaluative concerns perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism-and social anxiety has yet to be studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of rumination on the association between perfectionism and social anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 Malaysian undergraduate students using self-report questionnaires. Results: Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that evaluative concerns perfectionism and rumination were significant positive predictors of social anxiety. Multimodel analysis revealed that rumination partially mediated the association between evaluative concerns perfectionism and social anxiety. Conclusions: The results suggested that evaluative concerns perfectionists were more likely to engage in rumination and were consequently more likely to experience social anxiety.
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a person's fear of exuding an offensive body odour which is not perceived by others. The objective of this case report is to highlight the challenges in diagnosing olfactory reference syndrome due to the lack of diagnostic criteria as well as its similarities to other psychiatric illnesses. We report a case of a young Chinese gentleman who was preoccupied with the belief that he had an offensive body odour which was not noticeable by others since the age of 10. As a result of this, he developed compulsive behaviour, social anxiety and avoidance, as well as depression. The patient had an array of psychiatric symptoms. He had symptoms which fulfilled criteria for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), delusional disorder somatic type, and social anxiety disorder. ORS remains a diagnostic challenge. Further studies are needed in this area for a better understanding of the disorder.