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Achieving cost-efficient management of drug supply via economic order quantity and minimum-maximum stock level

Dewi EK, Dahlui M, Chalidyanto D, Rochmah TN

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res, 2020 Jun;20(3):289-294.
PMID: 31203686 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1633308

BACKGROUND: A good drug inventory planning system is important for an efficient budgeting, procurement, and cost control of drugs. When stagnant drugs in the inventory are too much, wastage due to expired and spoiled drugs could occur. These will not only cause loss of income but could also jeopardize healthcare service delivery.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study aimed to determine the most efficient and effective management of stagnant and shortage drugs by comparing three pharmacy logistic methods; the economic order quantity (EOQ), minimum-maximum stock level (MMSL), and the traditional consumption of drug inventory, at RA Basoeni Hospital, Mojokerto. Drug inventory was analyzed to calculate the opportunity loss, opportunity cost, and proportions of both stagnant and shortage drugs.
RESULTS: We found that EOQ and MMSL performed best for control of stagnant drugs and shortage drugs, respectively. Both methods had proved as effective pharmacy logistic planning. In addition, EOQ produced the lowest opportunity cost for stagnant drugs besides the lowest opportunity loss for shortage drugs.
CONCLUSION: The study concluded that EOQ is the most effective and efficient method to manage stagnant and shortage drugs at hospital pharmacy.

Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution*
Trade, TRIPS, and pharmaceuticals

Smith RD, Correa C, Oh C

Lancet, 2009 Feb 21;373(9664):684-91.
PMID: 19167054 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61779-1

The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) set global minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property, substantially increasing and expanding intellectual-property rights, and generated clear gains for the pharmaceutical industry and the developed world. The question of whether TRIPS generates gains for developing countries, in the form of increased exports, is addressed in this paper through consideration of the importance of pharmaceuticals in health-care trade, outlining the essential requirements, implications, and issues related to TRIPS, and TRIPS-plus, in which increased restrictions are imposed as part of bilateral free-trade agreements. TRIPS has not generated substantial gains for developing countries, but has further increased pharmaceutical trade in developed countries. The unequal trade between developed and developing countries (ie, exporting and importing high-value patented drugs, respectively) raises the issue of access to medicines, which is exacerbated by TRIPS-plus provisions, although many countries have not even enacted provision for TRIPS flexibilities. Therefore this paper focuses on options that are available to the health community for negotiation to their advantage under TRIPS, and within the presence of TRIPS-plus.

Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution
Outposts of Empire: the dawn of pharmacy in the Straits Settlements 1786 to 1867

Anderson S

Pharm Hist (Lond), 2012 Sep;42(3):54-63.
PMID: 24620479
Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution
Fulltext Trans-Pacific Partnership Provisions in Intellectual Property, Transparency, and Investment Chapters Threaten Access to Medicines in the US and Elsewhere

Baker BK

PLoS Med, 2016 Mar;13(3):e1001970.
PMID: 26954325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001970

Brook Baker describes the potential harms to global health from the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement and its failure to balance the interests of patients and the public with those of industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution