Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 22 in total

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  1. Identification of new sub-genotypes of virulent Newcastle disease virus with potential panzootic features
    Miller PJ, Haddas R, Simanov L, Lublin A, Rehmani SF, Wajid A, et al.
    Infect Genet Evol, 2015 Jan;29:216-29.
    PMID: 25445644 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.032
    Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from new sub-genotypes within genotype VII are rapidly spreading through Asia and the Middle East causing outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) characterized by significant illness and mortality in poultry, suggesting the existence of a fifth panzootic. These viruses, which belong to the new sub-genotypes VIIh and VIIi, have epizootic characteristics and do not appear to have originated directly from other genotype VII NDV isolates that are currently circulating elsewhere, but are related to the present and past Indonesian NDV viruses isolated from wild birds since the 80s. Viruses from sub-genotype VIIh were isolated in Indonesia (2009-2010), Malaysia (2011), China (2011), and Cambodia (2011-2012) and are closely related to the Indonesian NDV isolated in 2007, APMV1/Chicken/Karangasem, Indonesia (Bali-01)/2007. Since 2011 and during 2012 highly related NDV isolates from sub-genotype VIIi have been isolated from poultry production facilities and occasionally from pet birds, throughout Indonesia, Pakistan and Israel. In Pakistan, the viruses of sub-genotype VIIi have replaced NDV isolates of genotype XIII, which were commonly isolated in 2009-2011, and they have become the predominant sub-genotype causing ND outbreaks since 2012. In a similar fashion, the numbers of viruses of sub-genotype VIIi isolated in Israel increased in 2012, and isolates from this sub-genotype are now found more frequently than viruses from the previously predominant sub-genotypes VIId and VIIb, from 2009 to 2012. All NDV isolates of sub-genotype VIIi are approximately 99% identical to each other and are more closely related to Indonesian viruses isolated from 1983 through 1990 than to those of genotype VII, still circulating in the region. Similarly, in addition to the Pakistani NDV isolates of the original genotype XIII (now called sub-genotype XIIIa), there is an additional sub-genotype (XIIIb) that was initially detected in India and Iran. This sub-genotype also appears to have as an ancestor a NDV strain from an Indian cockatoo isolated in 1982. These data suggest the existence of a new panzootic composed of viruses of subgenotype VIIi and support our previous findings of co-evolution of multiple virulent NDV genotypes in unknown reservoirs, e.g. as recorded with the virulent NDV identified in Dominican Republic in 2008. The co-evolution of at least three different sub-genotypes reported here and the apparent close relationship of some of those genotypes from ND viruses isolated from wild birds, suggests that identifying wild life reservoirs may help predict new panzootics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology*
  2. Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid protein: self-assembly and length-determination domains
    Kho CL, Tan WS, Tey BT, Yusoff K
    J Gen Virol, 2003 Aug;84(Pt 8):2163-2168.
    PMID: 12867648 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19107-0
    The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of Newcastle disease virus expressed in E. coli assembled as ring- and herringbone-like particles. In order to identify the contiguous NP sequence essential for assembly of these particles, 11 N- or C-terminally deleted NP mutants were constructed and their ability to self-assemble was tested. The results indicate that a large part of the NP N-terminal end, encompassing amino acids 1 to 375, is required for proper folding to form a herringbone-like structure. In contrast, the C-terminal end covering amino acids 376 to 489 was dispensable for the formation of herringbone-like particles. A region located between amino acids 375 to 439 may play a role in regulating the length of the herringbone-like particles. Mutants with amino acid deletions further from the C-terminal end (84, 98, 109 and 114 amino acids) tended to form longer particles compared to mutants with shorter deletions (25 and 49 amino acids).
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  3. Detection of Newcastle disease virus using a SYBR Green I real time polymerase chain reaction
    Tan SW, Omar AR, Aini I, Yusoff K, Tan WS
    Acta Virol., 2004;48(1):23-8.
    PMID: 15230471
    A two-step SYBR Green I real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR, real time PCR) for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was developed. A melting curve analysis was performed to distinguish specific from non-specific products and primer dimers. Regardless of different virus pathotypes the melting temperature (Tm) ranged from 86 degrees C to 87 degrees C. The sensitivity of the real time PCR was compared with the reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, RT-nested PCR ELISA). Whereas the detection limit of the real time PCR was 10 pg DNA, the RT-nested PCR ELISA and conventional PCR could only detect up to 1 ng and 10 ng DNA, respectively. Thus the real time PCR offers a sensitive, rapid and convenient method for screening large number of NDV specimens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  4. Pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus with a filamentous bacteriophage
    Ramanujam P, Tan WS, Nathan S, Yusoff K
    Biotechniques, 2004 Feb;36(2):296-300, 302.
    PMID: 14989094
    A filamentous phage bearing the peptide sequence TLTTKLY was isolated from a heptapeptide phage display library against a velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In order to investigate the potential of this specific phage as an immunological reagent in virus pathotyping, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method was developed. This method can differentiate the velogenic strains from the mesogenic and lentogenic strains. An equilibrium-binding assay in solution showed that the interactions between the phage and all the NDV strains gave rise to two widely differing dissociation constants (Kdrel). Based upon the first Kdrel values, NDV strains can be classified into two groups; the first comprises the velogenic strains, and the second consists of the mesogenic and lentogenic strains. These results indicate a high degree of correlation between the binding affinities and pathotyping of NDV strains using the TLTTKLY phage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  5. Fulltext Protective efficacy of inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines prepared in two different oil-based adjuvants
    Aljumaili OA, Bello MB, Yeap SK, Omar AR, Ideris A
    Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 2020 Sep 28;87(1):e1-e7.
    PMID: 33054260 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1865
    Despite the availability of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines for more than six decades, disease outbreaks continue to occur with huge economic consequences to the global poultry industry. The aim of this study is to develop a safe and effective inactivated vaccine based on a recently isolated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain IBS025/13 and evaluate its protective efficacy in chicken following challenge with a highly virulent genotype VII isolate. Firstly, high titre of IBS025/13 was exposed to various concentrations of binary ethylenimine (BEI) to determine the optimal conditions for complete inactivation of the virus. The inactivated virus was then prepared in form of a stable water-in-oil emulsion of black seed oil (BSO) or Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and used as vaccines in specific pathogen-free chicken. Efficacy of various vaccine preparations was also evaluated based on the ability of the vaccine to protect against clinical disease, mortality and virus shedding following challenge with highly virulent genotype\VII NDV isolate. The results indicate that exposure of NDV IBS025/13 to 10 mM of BEI for 21 h at 37 °C could completely inactivate the virus without tempering with the structural integrity of the viral hemagglutin-neuraminidase protein. More so, the inactivated vaccines adjuvanted with either BSO- or FIA-induced high hemagglutination inhibition antibody titre that protected the vaccinated birds against clinical disease and in some cases virus shedding, especially when used together with live attenuated vaccines. Thus, genotype VII-based NDV-inactivated vaccines formulated in BSO could substantially improve poultry disease control particularly when combined with live attenuated vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  6. Localization of the antigenic sites of newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid using a panel of monoclonal antibodies
    Ahmad-Raus R, Ali AM, Tan WS, Salleh HM, Eshaghi M, Yusoff K
    Res Vet Sci, 2009 Feb;86(1):174-82.
    PMID: 18599098 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.05.013
    A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was produced by immunization of Balb/c mice with purified recombinant NP protein. Western Blot analysis showed that all the mAbs recognized linearized NP epitopes. Three different NP antigenic sites were identified using deleted truncated NP mutants purified from Escherichia coli. One of the antigenic sites was located at the C-terminal end (residues 441 to 489) of the NP protein. Two other antigenic sites were located within the N-terminal end (residues 26-121 and 122-375). This study demonstrates that the N- and C-terminal ends of the NP proteins are responsible in eliciting immune response, thus it is most likely that these ends are exposed on the NP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  7. Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease viruses in Vietnam
    Choi KS, Kye SJ, Kim JY, To TL, Nguyen DT, Lee YJ, et al.
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2014 Jan;46(1):271-7.
    PMID: 24061688 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0475-3
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia. In the present study, 12 field isolates of NDV were recovered from dead village chickens in Vietnam between 2007 and 2012, and were characterized. All the field isolates were classified as velogenic. Based on the sequence analysis of the F variable region, two distinct genetic groups (Vietnam genetic groups G1 and G2) were recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the 12 field isolates fell into the class II genotype VII cluster. Ten of the field isolates, classified as Vietnam genetic group G1, were closely related to VIIh viruses that had been isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia since the mid-2000s, while the other two field isolates, of Vietnam genetic group G2, clustered with VIId viruses, which were predominantly circulating in China and Far East Asia. Our results indicate that genotype VII viruses, especially VIIh viruses, are predominantly responsible for the recent epizootic of the disease in Vietnam.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  8. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus genotypes isolated in Malaysia between 2004 and 2005
    Tan SW, Ideris A, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Hair-Bejo M
    Arch Virol, 2010;155(1):63-70.
    PMID: 19898736 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0540-4
    Sequence analysis of the fusion (F) gene of eight Malaysian NDV isolates showed that all the isolates were categorized as velogenic viruses, with the F cleavage site motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R(116) or (112)R-R-R-K-R(116) at the C-terminus of the F(2) protein and phenylalanine (F) at residue 117 at the N-terminus of the F(1) protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the isolates were grouped in two distinct clusters under sub-genotype VIId. The isolates were about 4.8-11.7% genetically distant from sub-genotypes VIIa, VIIb, VIIc and VIIe. When the nucleotide sequences of the eight Malaysian isolates were compared phylogenetically to those of the old published local isolates, it was found that genotype VIII, VII, II and I viruses exist in Malaysia and caused sporadic infections. It is suggested that genotype VII viruses were responsible for most of the outbreaks in recent years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology*
  9. NDV subgenotype VII(L) is currently circulating in commercial broiler farms of Iran, 2017-2018
    Molouki A, Mehrabadi MHF, Bashashati M, Akhijahani MM, Lim SHE, Hajloo SA
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2019 Jun;51(5):1247-1252.
    PMID: 30689157 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01817-1
    BACKGROUND: Based on our previous work, it was discovered that some Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from backyard poultry between 2011 and 2013 in Iran formed a new separate cluster when phylogenetic analysis based on the complete F gene sequence was carried out. The novel cluster was designated subgenotype VII(L) and published.

    AIM: In the current study, for further validation, we initiated a comprehensive epidemiological study to identify the dominant NDV genotype(s) circulating within the country. Collection of samples was executed between October 2017 and February 2018 from 108 commercial broiler farms which reported clinical signs of respiratory disease in their broilers.

    RESULT: We report that 38 of the farms (> 35%) tested positive for NDV. The complete F gene sequences of seven of the isolates are shown as representative sequences in this study. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed, the recent broiler farm isolates clustered into the newly designated cluster VII(L) together with the older Iranian backyard poultry isolates in our previous work. All the sequences shared the same virulence-associated F cleavage site of 112RRQKR↓F117.

    CONCLUSION: Our phylogenetic analysis suggested that the NDV subgenotype VII(L) may have been derived from subgenotype VIId, and contrary to popular belief, subgenotype VIId may not be the dominant subgenotype in Iran. Tracking of the subgenotype on BLAST suggested that the NDV subgenotype VII(L), although previously unidentified, may have been circulating in this region as an endemic virus for at least a decade. Other NDV genotypes, however, have also been reported in Iran in recent years. Hence, ongoing study is aimed at determining the exact dominant NDV genotypes and subgenotypes in the country. This will be crucial in effective mitigation of outbreaks in Iranian broiler farms.

    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology*
  10. Velogenic newcastle disease virus tissue tropism and pathogenesis of infection in chickens by application of in situ PCR, immunoperoxase staining and HE staining
    Hussein EA, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR, Arshad SS, Hani H, Balakrishnan KN, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2019 Apr;129:213-223.
    PMID: 30771470 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.017
    Limited deep studies are available in the field of early stages of pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection and tissue tropism of NDV. In this study, 24 specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens of white leghorn breed were infected with Newcastle disease (ND) by intranasal administration of 10⁵ 50% EID50/0.1 mL of velogenic NDV (vNDV). A second group of 15 chickens were kept as a control group. Chickens were monitored every day to record clinical signs. Infected chickens were euthanized by cervical dislocation at successive times, namely at hours (hrs) 2, 4, 6, 12, days 1, 2, 4, and 6 post-inoculation (pi). Whereas, control group chickens were euthanized on days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 pi. Tissues of brain, trachea, lung, caecal tonsil, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, proventriculus, intestine, and thymus were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned. HS staining, immunoperoxidase staining (IPS) and in situ PCR were applied. It was concluded that at hr 2 pi, virus seemed to be inclined to trachea and respiratory tract. Meanwhile, it attacked caecal tonsils, intestine and bursa of Fabricus. While primary viraemia was ongoing, virus created footing in kidney and thymus. At hr 4 pi, proventriculus, liver, and spleen were attacked. However, at hr 6 pi, brain and heart were involved. Secondary viraemia probably started as early as hr 12 pi since all collected tissues were positive. Tissue tropism was determined in trachea, caecal tonsil, liver, bursa of Fabricius, intestine, proventriculus, lung, spleen, thymus, kidney, heart, and brain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology*
  11. Performance of an RT-nested PCR ELISA for detection of Newcastle disease virus
    Kho CL, Mohd-Azmi ML, Arshad SS, Yusoff K
    J Virol Methods, 2000 Apr;86(1):71-83.
    PMID: 10713378
    A sensitive and specific RT-nested PCR coupled with an ELISA detection system for detecting Newcastle disease virus is described. Two nested pairs of primer which were highly specific to all the three different pathotypes of NDV were designed from the consensus fusion gene sequence. No cross-reactions with other avian infectious agents such as infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, influenza virus, and fowl pox virus were observed. Based on agarose electrophoresis detection, the RT-nested PCR was about 100 times more sensitive compared to that of a non-nested RT-PCR. To facilitate the detection of the PCR product, an ELISA detection method was then developed to detect the amplified PCR products and it was shown to be ten times more sensitive than gel electrophoresis. The efficacy of the nested PCR-ELISA was also compared with the conventional NDV detection method (HA test) and non-nested RT-PCR by testing against a total of 35 tissue specimens collected from ND-symptomatic chickens. The RT-nested PCR ELISA found NDV positive in 21 (60%) tissue specimens, while only eight (22.9%) and two (5.7%) out of 35 tissue specimens were tested NDV positive by both the non-nested RT-PCR and conventional HA test, respectively. Due to its high sensitivity for the detection of NDV from tissue specimens, this PCR-ELISA based diagnostic test may be useful for screening large number of samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  12. Molecular epidemiological investigation of velogenic Newcastle disease viruses from village chickens in Cambodia
    Choi KS, Kye SJ, Kim JY, Damasco VR, Sorn S, Lee YJ, et al.
    Virus Genes, 2013 Oct;47(2):244-9.
    PMID: 23764918 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0930-2
    Three isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were isolated from tracheal samples of dead village chickens in two provinces (Phnom Penh and Kampong Cham) in Cambodia during 2011-2012. All of these Cambodian NDV isolates were categorized as velogenic pathotype, based on in vivo pathogenicity tests and F cleavage site motif sequence ((112)RRRKRF(117)). The phylogenetic analysis and the evolutionary distances based on the sequences of the F gene revealed that all the three field isolates of NDV from Cambodia form a distinct cluster (VIIh) together with three Indonesian strains and were assigned to the genotype VII within the class II. Further phylogenetic analysis based on the hyper-variable region of the F gene revealed that some of NDV strains from Malaysia since the mid-2000s were also classified into the VIIh virus. This indicates that the VIIh NDVs are spreading through Southeast Asia. The present investigation, therefore, emphasizes the importance of further surveillance of NDV in neighboring countries as well as throughout Southeast Asia to contain further spreading of these VIIh viruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  13. Fulltext Molecular characterization of partial fusion gene and C-terminus extension length of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of recently isolated Newcastle disease virus isolates in Malaysia
    Berhanu A, Ideris A, Omar AR, Bejo MH
    Virol J, 2010;7:183.
    PMID: 20691110 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-183
    Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a highly contagious disease of birds and has been one of the major causes of economic losses in the poultry industry. Despite routine vaccination programs, sporadic cases have occasionally occurred in the country and remain a constant threat to commercial poultry. Hence, the present study was aimed to characterize NDV isolates obtained from clinical cases in various locations of Malaysia between 2004 and 2007 based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis of partial F gene and C-terminus extension length of HN gene.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology*
  14. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the fusion protein cleavage site of Newcastle disease virus field isolates from Iran
    Kianizadeh M, Aini I, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Sahrabadi M, Kargar R
    Acta Virol., 2002;46(4):247-51.
    PMID: 12693862
    Nine Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in different regions of Iran were characterized at molecular level. Sequence analysis revealed that the isolates shared two pairs of arginine and a phenylalanine at the N-terminus of the fusion (F) protein cleavage site similarly to other velogenic isolates of NDV characterized earlier. Eight of the nine isolates had the same amino acid sequence as VOL95, a Russian NDV isolate from 1995. However, one isolate, MK13 showed 5 amino acid substitutions, of which 3 have been reported for other velogenic NDV isolates. These results suggest that the origin of the outbreaks of ND in different parts of Iran in 1995-1998 is VOL95.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology*
  15. Tracing the origins of genotype VIIh Newcastle disease in southern Africa
    Abolnik C, Mubamba C, Wandrag DBR, Horner R, Gummow B, Dautu G, et al.
    Transbound Emerg Dis, 2018 Apr;65(2):e393-e403.
    PMID: 29178267 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12771
    It is widely accepted that Newcastle disease is endemic in most African countries, but little attention has been afforded to establishing the sources and frequency of the introductions of exotic strains. Newcastle disease outbreaks have a high cost in Africa, particularly on rural livelihoods. Genotype VIIh emerged in South-East Asia and has since caused serious outbreaks in poultry in Malaysia, Indonesia, southern China, Vietnam and Cambodia. Genotype VIIh reached the African continent in 2011, with the first outbreaks reported in Mozambique. Here, we used a combination of phylogenetic evidence, molecular dating and epidemiological reports to trace the origins and spread of subgenotype VIIh Newcastle disease in southern Africa. We determined that the infection spread northwards through Mozambique, and then into the poultry of the north-eastern provinces of Zimbabwe. From Mozambique, it also reached neighbouring Malawi and Zambia. In Zimbabwe, the disease spread southward towards South Africa and Botswana, causing outbreaks in backyard chickens in early-to-mid 2013. In August 2013, the disease entered South Africa's large commercial industry, and the entire country was infected within a year, likely through fomites and the movements of cull chickens. Illegal poultry trading or infected waste from ships and not wild migratory birds was the likely source of the introduction to Mozambique in 2011.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  16. Detection and differentiation of velogenic and lentogenic Newcastle disease viruses using SYBR Green I real-time PCR with nucleocapsid gene-specific primers
    Tan SW, Ideris A, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Hair-Bejo M
    J Virol Methods, 2009 Sep;160(1-2):149-56.
    PMID: 19447142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.05.006
    SYBR Green I real-time PCR was developed for detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Primers based on the nucleocapsid (NP) gene were designed to detect specific sequence of velogenic strains and lentogenic/vaccine strains, respectively. The assay was developed and tested with NDV strains which were characterized previously. The velogenic strains were detected only by using velogenic-specific primers with a threshold cycle (C(t)) 18.19+/-3.63 and a melting temperature (T(m)) 86.0+/-0.28 degrees C. All the lentogenic/vaccine strains, in contrast, were detected only when lentogenic-specific primers were used, with the C(t) value 14.70+/-2.32 and T(m) 87.4+/-0.21 degrees C. The assay had a dynamic detection range which spans over a 5log(10) concentration range, 10(9)-10(5) copies of DNA plasmid/reaction. The velogenic and lentogenic amplifications showed high PCR efficiency of 100% and 104%, respectively. The velogenic and lentogenic amplifications were highly reproducible with assay variability 0.45+/-0.31% and 1.30+/-0.65%, respectively. The SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay detected successfully the virus from tissue samples and oral swabs collected from the velogenic and lentogenic NDV experimental infection, respectively. In addition, the assay detected and differentiated accurately NDV pathotypes from suspected field samples where the results were in good agreement with both virus isolation and analysis of the fusion (F) cleavage site sequence. The assay offers an attractive alternative method for the diagnosis of NDV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  17. Fulltext Establishment of an in vitro system representing the chicken gut-associated lymphoid tissue
    Alitheen NB, McClure SJ, Yeap SK, Kristeen-Teo YW, Tan SW, McCullagh P
    PLoS One, 2012;7(11):e49188.
    PMID: 23185307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049188
    The bursa of Fabricius is critical for B cell development and differentiation in chick embryos. This study describes the production in vitro, from dissociated cell suspensions, of cellular agglomerates with functional similarities to the chicken bursa. Co-cultivation of epithelial and lymphoid cells obtained from embryos at the appropriate developmental stage regularly led to agglomerate formation within 48 hours. These agglomerates resembled bursal tissue in having lymphoid clusters overlaid by well organized epithelium. Whereas lymphocytes within agglomerates were predominantly Bu-1a(+), a majority of those emigrating onto the supporting membrane were Bu-1a(-) and IgM(+). Both agglomerates and emigrant cells expressed activation-induced deaminase with levels increasing after 24 hours. Emigrating cells were actively proliferating at a rate in excess of both the starting cell population and the population of cells remaining in agglomerates. The potential usefulness of this system for investigating the response of bursal tissue to avian Newcastle disease virus (strain AF2240) was examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  18. Chimeric Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid with parts of viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins
    Rabu A, Tan WS, Kho CL, Omar AR, Yusoff K
    Acta Virol., 2002;46(4):211-7.
    PMID: 12693857
    The nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) self-assembled in Escherichia coli as ring-like and herringbone-like particles. Several chimeric NP proteins were constructed in which the antigenic regions of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins of NDV, myc epitope, and six histidines (a hexa-His tag) were linked to the C-terminus of the NP monomer. These chimeric proteins were expressed efficiently in soluble form in E. coli as detected by Western blot analysis. Electron microscopy of the purified products revealed that they self-assembled into ring-like particles. These chimeric particles exhibited antigenicity of the myc epitope, suggesting that the foreign sequences were exposed on the surface of the particles. Chickens inoculated with the chimeric particles mounted an immune response against NDV, suggesting the possibility of use of the ring-like particle as a carrier of immunogens in subunit vaccines and immunological reagents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  19. Fulltext Induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus Malaysian strain AF2240
    Ghrici M, El Zowalaty M, Omar AR, Ideris A
    Oncol Rep, 2013 Sep;30(3):1035-44.
    PMID: 23807159 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2573
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) exerts its naturally occurring oncolysis possibly through the induction of apoptosis. We hypothesized that the binding of the virus to the cell via the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein may be sufficient to not only induce apoptosis but to induce a higher apoptosis level than the parental NDV AF2240 virus. NDV AF2240 induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was analyzed and quantified. In addition, the complete HN gene of NDV strain AF2240 was amplified, sequenced and cloned into the pDisplay eukaryotic expression vector. HN gene expression was first detected at the cell surface membrane of the transfected MCF-7 cells. HN induction of apoptosis in transfected MCF-7 cells was analyzed and quantified. The expression of the HN gene alone was able to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells but it was a less potent apoptosis inducer compared to the parental NDV AF2240 strain. In conclusion, the NDV AF2240 strain is a more suitable antitumor candidate agent than its recombinant HN gene unless the latter is further improved by additional modifications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
  20. Alteration in lymphocyte responses, cytokine and chemokine profiles in chickens infected with genotype VII and VIII velogenic Newcastle disease virus
    Rasoli M, Yeap SK, Tan SW, Moeini H, Ideris A, Bejo MH, et al.
    Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2014 Jan;37(1):11-21.
    PMID: 24225159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.10.003
    Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease and one of the major causes of economic losses in the poultry industry. The emergence of virulent NDV genotypes and repeated outbreaks of NDV in vaccinated chickens have raised the need for fundamental studies on the virus-host interactions. In this study, the profiles of B and T lymphocytes and macrophages and differential expression of 26 immune-related genes in the spleen of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, infected with either the velogenic genotype VII NDV strain IBS002 or the genotype VIII NDV strain AF2240, were evaluated. A significant reduction in T lymphocyte population and an increase in the infiltration of IgM+ B cells and KUL01+ macrophages were detected in the infected spleens at 1, 3 and 4 days post-infection (dpi) (P<0.05). The gene expression profiles showed an up-regulation of CCLi3, CXCLi1, CXCLi2 (IL-8), IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, TLR7, MHCI, IL-17F and TNFSF13B (P<0.05). However, these two genotypes showed different cytokine expression patterns and viral load. IBS002 showed higher viral load than AF2240 in spleen at 3 and 4dpi and caused a more rapid up-regulation of CXCLi2, IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-18, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-10 at 3dpi. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CCLI3, CXCLi1, IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-1β and iNOS genes were significantly higher in AF2240 at 4dpi. In addition, the expression levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the IBS002-infected chickens at 3 and 4dpi. Hence, infection with velogenic genotype VII and VIII NDV induced different viral load and production of cytokines and chemokines associated with inflammatory reactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle Disease/virology
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