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Proceedings of the 4th Nestle Nutrition Workshop on Clinical Nutrition. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 1999

Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme, 2000;4:V-XV, 1-300.
PMID: 11808494
Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Fulltext Quantification of the smoking-associated cancer risk with rate advancement periods: meta-analysis of individual participant data from cohorts of the CHANCES consortium

Ordóñez-Mena JM, Schöttker B, Mons U, Jenab M, Freisling H, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, et al.

BMC Med, 2016;14(1):62.
PMID: 27044418 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0607-5

BACKGROUND: Smoking is the most important individual risk factor for many cancer sites but its association with breast and prostate cancer is not entirely clear. Rate advancement periods (RAPs) may enhance communication of smoking related risk to the general population. Thus, we estimated RAPs for the association of smoking exposure (smoking status, time since smoking cessation, smoking intensity, and duration) with total and site-specific (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, gastric, head and neck, and pancreatic) cancer incidence and mortality.
METHODS: This is a meta-analysis of 19 population-based prospective cohort studies with individual participant data for 897,021 European and American adults. For each cohort we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for the association of smoking exposure with cancer outcomes using Cox regression adjusted for a common set of the most important potential confounding variables. RAPs (in years) were calculated as the ratio of the logarithms of the HRs for a given smoking exposure variable and age. Meta-analyses were employed to summarize cohort-specific HRs and RAPs.
RESULTS: Overall, 140,205 subjects had a first incident cancer, and 53,164 died from cancer, during an average follow-up of 12 years. Current smoking advanced the overall risk of developing and dying from cancer by eight and ten years, respectively, compared with never smokers. The greatest advancements in cancer risk and mortality were seen for lung cancer and the least for breast cancer. Smoking cessation was statistically significantly associated with delays in the risk of cancer development and mortality compared with continued smoking.
CONCLUSIONS: This investigation shows that smoking, even among older adults, considerably advances, and cessation delays, the risk of developing and dying from cancer. These findings may be helpful in more effectively communicating the harmful effects of smoking and the beneficial effect of smoking cessation.
KEYWORDS: Cancer; Cohort; Incidence; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Smoking

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control; Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control; Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control
Quality and accuracy assessment of nutrition information on the Web for cancer prevention

Shahar S, Shirley N, Noah SA

Inform Health Soc Care, 2013 Jan;38(1):15-26.
PMID: 22957981 DOI: 10.3109/17538157.2012.710684

This study aimed to assess the quality and accuracy of nutrition information about cancer prevention available on the Web. The keywords 'nutrition + diet + cancer + prevention' were submitted to the Google search engine. Out of 400 websites evaluated, 100 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected as the sample for the assessment of quality and accuracy. Overall, 54% of the studied websites had low quality, 48 and 57% had no author's name or information, respectively, 100% were not updated within 1 month during the study period and 86% did not have the Health on the Net seal. When the websites were assessed for readability using the Flesch Reading Ease test, nearly 44% of the websites were categorised as 'quite difficult'. With regard to accuracy, 91% of the websites did not precisely follow the latest WCRF/AICR 2007 recommendation. The quality scores correlated significantly with the accuracy scores (r = 0.250, p

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Fulltext Community participatory approach: an important managerial role in cancer control

Latiff KA

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008;9(2):357-59.
PMID: 18712990

Despite the mountain of information generated by researchers, the cancer problem has not significantly declined and perhaps in certain situations it is gradually increasing, affecting those who are previously at low risk. There is a tendency to believe that positive outcomes can always be expected once intervention activities, like exercise promotion, are carried out, but practical experience gives rise to serious doubt. A greater understanding of the biological mechanisms operating in the physical activity, cancer relation, complete measurement of physical activity through a subject's life, assessment of all potential confounders and association modifiers are needed to confirm a protective role of physical activity in cancer development and allow specific exercise prescriptions for community-based prevention in particular cancer sites. Furthermore, the most important impetus of any community intervention approach should be oriented in the form of 'from people to the people'. More emphasis needs to be placed on effective management and parameters for assessment of management success.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control*
A state-wide campaign for the early detection of cancer in Sabah

Oommen RM

Aust N Z J Surg, 1994 Jan;64(1):22-3.
PMID: 8267532

The Medical Department of Sabah, in collaboration with various governmental and non-governmental agencies and 'Surgeons International' conducted a state-wide campaign for the 'Early Detection of Cancer' over a period of 3 months from July 1992. The purpose of the campaign was to educate the population about the early signs and symptoms of common cancers, to remove the myth that cancer was incurable and to impress on the public the need to detect cancer early for a possible cure and a better prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Fulltext The Association between Tea Consumption and Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Okekpa SI, S. M. N. Mydin RB, Ganeson S, Gopalan S, Musa MY

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2020 08 01;21(8):2183-2187.
PMID: 32856842 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.8.2183

Heated debates have been on-going about tea consumption and the incidence of cancer, especially in head and
neck cancer types. This study aimed to review the association between tea consumption habits and nasopharyngeal
cancer (NPC). Methods: This review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-P protocol. Literature search
for journal articles that published studies on the relationship between tea consumption and NPC was performed via
databases, such as Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Google, and Google Scholar, for 10 years from
2008 to 2018. Relevant studies were obtained by applying the pre-determined keywords, such as nasopharyngeal cancer,
tea consumption and NPC, risk factors of NPC and benefits of tea consumption. Results: A total of 126 articles was
retrieved. These articles were subjected to eligibility assessment. Six articles remained after applying the inclusion
criteria. Results suggest that habitual tea consumption reduces NPC. Tea consumption significantly reduces NPC with
all the studies having a p-value ≤0.05. Meta-analysis showed statistical association between tea consumption and NPC
risk with OR=0.865 at 95% CI (0.806-0.929). Conclusion: This study suggests that habitual tea consumption could
be associated with prevention of NPC development. Additional studies are needed to further understand the molecular
role of bioactive compound and potential health benefit of tea consumption in NPC prevention.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Prophylaxis against choriocarcinoma

Sivanesaratnam V, Ng KH

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Mar;31(3):229-31.
PMID: 904517
Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Oral carcinoma. A review of the etiological factors and a preventive programme

Omar-Ahmad U, Ramanathan K

Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):172-81.
PMID: 4234351
Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Fulltext Molecular Imaging - a way forward in translating disease behaviour in an era of personalized medicine

Fathinul Fikri AS

J Int Med Res, 2018 Feb;46(2):652-653.
PMID: 28718732 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517719211
Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control
Fulltext Antitumour Activities of Selected Pure Compounds Identified from the Serum of Crocodylus porosus, Malayopython reticulatus, Varanus salvator and Cuora kamaroma amboinensis

Jeyamogan S, Khan NA, Siddiqui R

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2021 Feb 12;22(S1):97-106.
PMID: 33576218 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.S1.97

OBJECTIVES: Here we determined antitumour effects of purified compounds such as Valdecoxib, Rofecoxib, L-Methionine and Artocarpin against cancer cell lines.
METHODS: Using purified compounds, assays were performed to determine their effects against cancer cell lines using growth inhibition assays, cytotoxicity assays, and cell survival assays against HeLa, PC3 and MCF7 cells.
RESULTS: The results showed that the selected small molecules L-Methionine, Rofecoxib, and Artocarpin suppressed the growth of more than 90% PC3 cells at 40µM. Similarly, Valdecoxib alone and in combination with other molecules exhibited potent growth inhibition and cytotoxicity against cancer cells tested. Peptide from the serum of M. reticulatus, demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells without inhibiting the growth of normal cells.
CONCLUSION: These findings are significant and provide a basis for the rational development of therapeutic anticancer agents, however intensive research is needed to determine in vivo effects of the identified molecules together with their mode of action to realize these expectations.
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Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Biomedical properties of edible seaweed in cancer therapy and chemoprevention trials: a review

Namvar F, Tahir PM, Mohamad R, Mahdavi M, Abedi P, Najafi TF, et al.

Nat Prod Commun, 2013 Dec;8(12):1811-20.
PMID: 24555303

This review article summarizes in vitro and in vivo experiments on seaweed anticancer activity and seaweed chemical components. Seaweed use in cancer therapy, chemopreventive randomized control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments are discussed. The literature reviewed in this article was obtained from various scientific sources and encompasses publications from 2000-2012. Seaweed therapeutic effects were deemed scientifically plausible and may be partially explained by the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies described. Although the mechanisms of action remain unclear, seaweed's anticancer properties may be attributable to its major biologically active metabolites. Much of the seaweed research outlined in this paper can serve as a foundation for explaining seaweed anticancer bioactivity. This review will open doors for developing strategies to treat malignancies using seaweed natural products.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control
Cruciferous vegetables: dietary phytochemicals for cancer prevention

Abdull Razis AF, Noor NM

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(3):1565-70.
PMID: 23679237

Relationships between diet and health have attracted attention for centuries; but links between diet and cancer have been a focus only in recent decades. The consumption of diet-containing carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines is most closely correlated with increasing cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that consumption of dietary phytochemicals found in vegetables and fruit can decrease cancer incidence. Among the various vegetables, broccoli and other cruciferous species appear most closely associated with reduced cancer risk in organs such as the colorectum, lung, prostate and breast. The protecting effects against cancer risk have been attributed, at least partly, due to their comparatively high amounts of glucosinolates, which differentiate them from other vegetables. Glucosinolates, a class of sulphur- containing glycosides, present at substantial amounts in cruciferous vegetables, and their breakdown products such as the isothiocyanates, are believed to be responsible for their health benefits. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive effect of these compounds are likely to be manifold, possibly concerning very complex interactions, and thus difficult to fully understand. Therefore, this article provides a brief overview about the mechanism of such compounds involved in modulation of carcinogen metabolising enzyme systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Cancer epidemiology and control in peninsular and island South-East Asia - past, present and future

Moore MA, Manan AA, Chow KY, Cornain SF, Devi CR, Triningsih FX, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11 Suppl 2:81-98.
PMID: 20553070

Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia, East Timor and the Philippines constitute peninsular and island South-East Asia. For reasons of largely shared ethnicity, with Chinese elements added to the basic Austromalaysian populations, as well as geographical contiguity, they can be usefully grouped together for studies of chronic disease prevalence and underlying risk factors. The fact of problems are shared in common, particularly regarding increasing cancer rates, underlines the necessity for a coordinated approach to research and development of control measures. To provide a knowledge base, the present review of available data for cancer registration, epidemiology and control was conducted. The most prevalent cancer site in males is the lung, followed by the liver, colon or the prostate in the majority of cases, while breast and cervical cancers predominate in most female populations. However, there are interesting differences among the racial groups, particularly regarding the stomach. General tendencies for increase in adenocarcinomas but decrease in squamous cell carcinomas and gastric cancer, point to change in environmental influence over time. Variation in risk factors depends to some extent on the level of economic development but overall the countries of the region face similar challenges in achieving effective cancer control. A major task is persuading the general populace of the efficacy of early detection and clinical treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control
Fulltext Cancer prevention in the Asia Pacific region

Yoo KY

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(4):839-44.
PMID: 21133587

Cancer incidences as well as the most prevalent cancer types vary greatly across Asian countries since people have differing health behaviors as well as lifestyle factors related to cancer risk. Countries have varying systems of government organization, laws, resources, facilities, and management strategies for addressing the cancer burden. Examples such as Korea and Japan with existing national cancer control programs need to focus on early screening and detection and quality of screening methods. If screening and detection increase to cover more than 50% of the target population, survival rate increases and thus the number of cancer patients detected increases resulting in higher medical cost. Thus, expansion of cancer screening, in addition to smoking prevention, immunization increase, and diet control awareness, are needed for cancer prevention strategies. Countries such as Thailand, China, Malaysia, and Turkey need to begin organized efforts to reduce cancer deaths through state-wide cancer screening programs. Strategies focused on increasing survival among cancer patients are also needed. In addition, government organizations and law regulations need to be in place as the first step towards cancer prevention. For the countries such as Nepal, Pakistan, Mongolia, and Iraq which do not have any cancer-related organizations in place, the first step that is needed is to raise public awareness about cancer; a public awareness campaign is the number one priority and should begin immediately. The easiest and most feasible step at this point is dissemination of cancer education materials during school health education and physical health screening. This must be started immediately because we need to avoid the development of existing cancers where patients will need to seek specialized cancer treatment facilities that are non-existent in these regions. In addition, hospitals need to take a step further and start undergoing registration of cancer prevalence and incidence cases beginning at the regional level. Through the hospital census, countries will be able to determine the magnitude of the cancer burden. Moreover, countries with professionals and researchers with advanced cancer research, education, and training also need to contribute through international cooperation.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Fulltext Knowledge and attitude of university students in health sciences on the prevention of cervical cancer

Tan YY, Hesham R, Qodriyah HM

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):53-7.
PMID: 21265250 MyJurnal

Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer after breast cancer both in Malaysia and worldwide although it can be mostly prevented. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge level and attitude of University Kebangsaan Malaysia female students in the Faculties of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences on the prevention of cervical cancer. A total of 675 respondents were recruited for this cross-sectional study involving pre-tested questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. There was significant association between grade and mean score of knowledge with different faculties and year of education (p<0.05). However, significant association was shown only between grade of knowledge with different programs in the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences. For mean score of knowledge, significant difference only existed among different races (p<0.05). Mass media was the most common source of information. In conclusion, the knowledge level of respondents on cervical cancer and its prevention was not satisfactory despite their positive attitude on prevention. Thus, more awareness programs should be conducted in University campuses to provide students with knowledge on prevention of cervical cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Breast cancer in Asia

Yip CH

Methods Mol Biol, 2009;471:51-64.
PMID: 19109774 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-416-2_3

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in most countries in Asia. The incidence rates remain low, although increasing at a more rapid rate than in western countries, due to changes in the lifestyle and diet. There are many differences between breast cancer in Asia compared with western countries. The mean age at onset is younger than in the west, and unlike the west, the age-specific incidence decreases after the age of 50 years. Because there is no population-based breast cancer screening program in the majority of Asian countries, the majority of patients present with advanced disease. There is a higher proportion of hormone receptor-negative patients, and some evidence that the cancers in Asia are of a higher grade. Most of the Asian countries are low- and middle-income countries, where access to effective care is limited. Because of the late detection and inadequate access to care, survival of women with breast cancer in Asia is lower than in western countries. Improving breast health in most of the Asian countries remains a challenge that may be overcome with collaboration from multiple sectors, both public and private.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Diet and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Asia--a Systematic Review

Azeem S, Gillani SW, Siddiqui A, Jandrajupalli SB, Poh V, Syed Sulaiman SA

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(13):5389-96.
PMID: 26225683

Diet is one of the major factors that can exert a majorly influence on colorectal cancer risk. This systematic review aimed to find correlations between various diet types, food or nutrients and colorectal cancer risk among Asian populations. Search limitations included Asian populations residing in Asia, being published from the year 2008 till present, and written in the English language. A total of 16 articles were included in this systematic review. We found that red meats, processed meats, preserved foods, saturated/animal fats, cholesterol, high sugar foods, spicy foods, tubers or refined carbohydrates have been found by most studies to have a positive association with colorectal cancer risk. Inversely, calcium/dairy foods, vitamin D, general vegetable/fruit/fiber consumption, cruciferous vegetables, soy bean/soy products, selenium, vitamins C,E and B12, lycophene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, folic acid and many other vitamins and minerals play a protective role against colorectal cancer risk. Associations of fish and seafood consumption with colorectal cancer risk are still inconclusive due to many varying findings, and require further more detailed studies to pinpoint the actual correlation. There is either a positive or no association for total meat consumption or white meats, however their influence is not as strong as with red and processed meats.

Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Fulltext An appraisal of the nutritional and health aspects of palm oil

Chandrasekharan N

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Jun;47(2):93-7.
PMID: 1494339
Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control
Present status of cancer treatment in several Asian countries

Puribhat S

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 1992 Jul;19(8 Suppl):1153-9.
PMID: 1514828

Most of Asian Countries are still developing. Hence there are constraints in cancer treatment. There are those countries with fully equipped and fully distributed like western world such as Japan, Korea and Singapore. Other with some comprehensive cancer centers but confine to only big cities with poor coverage of the population resulting in a lot of late cases of cancer patients seen. Such countries are Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri-Lanka, Thailand and etc. Still a lot of countries have no facilities to cope with cancer patients such as Brunei, Kampuchea, Laos, Nepal, Vietnam and etc. International collaboration and supports are needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/prevention & control*
Fulltext Breast cancer 100 years on--what we have learnt!

Forrest AP

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):163-73; quiz 174.
PMID: 10968004
Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control

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