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Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma demonstrate enhanced serum and tissue ceruloplasmin expression

Doustjalali SR, Yusof R, Govindasamy GK, Bustam AZ, Pillay B, Hashim OH

J. Med. Invest., 2006 Feb;53(1-2):20-8.
PMID: 16537992

The proteomics approach was adopted to study the simultaneous expression of serum proteins in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We have subjected unfractionated whole sera of ten newly diagnosed Malaysian Chinese patients with WHO type III NPC to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and image analysis. The results obtained were then compared to that generated from sera of ten normal healthy controls of the same ethnic group and range of age. Our data demonstrated that the serum high abundance 2-DE protein profiles of NPC patients were generally similar to that of the controls, with exception of the ceruloplasmin (CPL) spots (identified by mass spectrometric analysis and MASCOT database search), which showed higher expression. The enhanced expression of CPL in the patients' sera was confirmed by competitive ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis of nasopharyngeal lesions of NPC patients demonstrated moderate to strong positive CPL staining in the cytoplasm of cells at the regions of malignancy but only weak cytoplasmic staining at normal epithelial lining areas. When follow-up 2-DE and ELISA studies were performed on five of the NPC patients who responded positively to six months treatment, the difference in CPL expression was no longer significant.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood*
Fulltext Ophthalmic artery occlusion following neuro-embolization of the external carotid artery, a case report

Loon NW, Gendeh BS, Zakaria R, Hamzah JC, Din NM

BMC Ophthalmol, 2017 Jun 15;17(1):92.
PMID: 28619056 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0490-7

BACKGROUND: Embozene® is a new neuroembolizing microsphere used to reduce intraoperative bleeding for head and neck tumours. We report a case of iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion after Embozene® embolization of the external carotid artery (ECA).
CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old African gentleman presented with left nasal obstruction and epistaxis for 2 years and was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. He subsequently underwent embolization of the maxillary branch of the left ECA using Embozene® Microspheres - 250 μm in size before endoscopic tumour excision to reduce intra-operative bleeding. He complained of sudden painless profound visual loss in the left eye (LE) two hours after embolization. Visual acuity in LE was no light perception. Fundus examination showed pale retina with no cherry red spot. Arterial narrowing and segmentation were seen in all quadrants. A diagnosis of left ophthalmic artery occlusion was made. Despite immediate management including ocular massage and lowering of intraocular pressure, the visual loss remained. Retrospective review of digital subtraction angiogram showed an anastomosis between the left ophthalmic artery and anterior deep temporal artery as a potential route for microspheres migration.
CONCLUSION: Pre-operative angio-architecture understanding and diligent selection of embolic material are helpful in preventing this adverse event. The use of newer agents for embolotherapy may cause migration of embolic material from the external to the internal carotid system leading to ophthalmic artery occlusion and blindness.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood supply
Endogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Yadav M

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1991 Mar;22(1):123-6.
PMID: 1948253

Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) concentration was assayed in 105 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma using a sensitive ELISA technique with detection level of 10 pg/ml. The TNF levels were detectable in 45 of 63 (71.4%) patients newly diagnosed for the malignancy and 29 of 42 (69%) patients in remission following treatment with radiotherapy. In 25 normal controls the TNF were less than 10 pg/ml. While TNF may be present in the majority of the patients with the malignant disease, the TNF concentration appeared to have no clinical significance in diagnosis or prognosis of the patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood*
Immunogenetic aspects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. II. Analysis of ABO, rhesus and MNSs red cell systems

Hawkins BR, Simons MJ, Goh EH, Chia KB, Shanmugaratnam K

Int J Cancer, 1974 Jan 15;13(1):116-21.
PMID: 4206461 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910130113
Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood
Fulltext Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) 30-bp deletion and Xho I-loss is associated with type III nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysia

See HS, Yap YY, Yip WK, Seow HF

World J Surg Oncol, 2008;6:18.
PMID: 18275617 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-6-18

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a human epithelial tumour with high prevalence amongst Chinese in Southern China and South East Asia and is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The viral genome harbours an oncogene, namely, the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene and known variants such as the 30-bp deletion and loss of XhoI restriction site have been found. Less is known about the relationship between these variants and the population characteristics and histological type.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood
Serum IgA cross-reactivity between glycine-alanine repeat sequence of EBNA-1 and keratin or collagen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Mathew A, Cheng HM, Sam CK, Prasad U

Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1994 May;71(2):164-8.
PMID: 7514112

Inhibition studies were carried out to study possible cross-reactivity between a peptide fragment of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, EBNA-1, and keratin/collagen. The 20-amino acid peptide (pAG), derived from a glycine-alanine repeat region of EBNA-1, uniquely makes up about one-third of the viral protein and is a dominant IgA antigenic epitope in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A small percentage of normal human sera (NHS) also binds pAG and this reactivity is examined in this study. Ten percent (2/20) and 13.4% (2/15) of IgA-pAG-positive NPC sera and NHS, respectively, were significantly inhibited by keratin in a competitive ELISA system. Conversely, 31.6% (6/19) and 30.8% (4/13) of IgA-keratin-positive NPC sera and NHS, respectively, were significantly inhibited by pAG. This indicated minimum cross-reactivity between IgA serum antibodies to EBNA-1 and keratin. Using collagen as inhibitor, none of 18 and only 2/13 IgA-pAG-positive NPC sera and NHS, respectively, were inhibited. In the collagen ELISA system, only 2/19 (10.5%) and 4/25 (16%) of IgA-collagen-positive NPC sera and NHS, respectively, were inhibited with pAG. Therefore, cross-reactivity with collagen was also low. IgA-pAG-positive NHS may therefore not be a false positive phenomenon, but whether it may represent an early serological profile related to NPC carcinogenesis remains to be determined.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood
Fulltext Systematic comparison of plasma EBV DNA, anti-EBV antibodies and miRNA levels for early detection and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Tan LP, Tan GW, Sivanesan VM, Goh SL, Ng XJ, Lim CS, et al.

Int J Cancer, 2020 04 15;146(8):2336-2347.
PMID: 31469434 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32656

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is originated from the epithelial cells of nasopharynx, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated and has the highest incidence and mortality rates in Southeast Asia. Late presentation is a common issue and early detection could be the key to reduce the disease burden. Sensitivity of plasma EBV DNA, an established NPC biomarker, for Stage I NPC is controversial. Most newly reported NPC biomarkers have neither been externally validated nor compared to the established ones. This causes difficulty in planning for cost-effective early detection strategies. Our study systematically evaluated six established and four new biomarkers in NPC cases, population controls and hospital controls. We showed that BamHI-W 76 bp remains the most sensitive plasma biomarker, with 96.7% (29/30), 96.7% (58/60) and 97.4% (226/232) sensitivity to detect Stage I, early stage and all NPC, respectively. Its specificity was 94.2% (113/120) against population controls and 90.4% (113/125) against hospital controls. Diagnostic accuracy of BamHI-W 121 bp and ebv-miR-BART7-3p were validated. Hsa-miR-29a-3p and hsa-miR-103a-3p were not, possibly due to lower number of advanced stage NPC cases included in this subset. Decision tree modeling suggested that combination of BamHI-W 76 bp and VCA IgA or EA IgG may increase the specificity or sensitivity to detect NPC. EBNA1 99 bp could identify NPC patients with poor prognosis in early and advanced stage NPC. Our findings provided evidence for improvement in NPC screening strategies, covering considerations of opportunistic screening, combining biomarkers to increase sensitivity or specificity and testing biomarkers from single sampled specimen to avoid logistic problems of resampling.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood*
Fulltext Evaluation of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA load as a prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Tan EL, Looi LM, Sam CK

Singapore Med J, 2006 Sep;47(9):803-7.
PMID: 16924363

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an important cancer in Malaysia and is one of the major causes of cancer mortality in this country. This study evaluates the diagnostic and prognostic values in the quantitative relationship between the cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load and the tumour burden.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood
Fulltext Methods and matrices: approaches to identifying miRNAs for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Plieskatt JL, Rinaldi G, Feng Y, Levine PH, Easley S, Martinez E, et al.

J Transl Med, 2014;12:3.
PMID: 24393330 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-3

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a solid tumor of the head and neck. Multimodal therapy is highly effective when NPC is detected early. However, due to the location of the tumor and the absence of clinical signs, early detection is difficult, making a biomarker for the early detection of NPC a priority. The dysregulation of small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) during carcinogenesis is the focus of much current biomarker research. Herein, we examine several miRNA discovery methods using two sample matrices to identify circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) associated with NPC.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood