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Fulltext Commentary: Stewart Forsyth's article--Non-compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes is not confined to the infant formula industry

Kean YJ

J Public Health (Oxf), 2013 Jun;35(2):193-4.
PMID: 23564839 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdt026
Matched MeSH terms: Marketing*
Fulltext Salient features of customer engagement, visual presentation and copywriting for effective social media marketing: an exploratory perspective

Nooraini Mohamad Sheriff, Aisya Syahira Zulkifli, Wan Nur Shahira Wan Othman

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2018;6(2):28-37.
MyJurnal

As internet-based marketing utilizes channels of social media to interact and attract prospective customers to make online purchase for apparels there is a need to ascertain the extent to which salient features of social media such as customer engagement, attractive visual presentation and copywriting that are capable of driving such purchase. A total of 128 usable questionnaires were included in this study. Distribution of online questionnaires was assisted where the online questionnaire link in Google document was emailed to the company’s sales team who in turn blasted the online questionnaire via email to all of their online customers in their data base. A positive significant (0.01) high correlation of .709 for customer engagement and .711 were obtained for visual presentation with online purchase for apparels. In addition, a positive significant (0.01) modest correlation of .653was secured for copywriting and online purchase of apparels. The study affirms that online firms using social media marketing must ensure they engage their online customers through discussions, reviews, contest and comments to understand them better and to build relationship between their brand and customer’s which has a positive impact on sales. Social media marketing too needs an exemplary visual presentation to explain abstract concepts and facilitates retention of information and maintain audience interest which ultimately has a positive impact on sale. Consequently, copywriting too performs an important role of convincing people about a product by transforming product features into benefits to convince readers into making a purchase.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing*
Fulltext Co-creation or Co-destruction: A Perspective of Online Customer Engagement Valence

Siddique J, Shamim A, Nawaz M, Faye I, Rehman M

Front Psychol, 2020;11:591753.
PMID: 33613353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591753

The increasing interest in online shopping in recent years has increased the importance of understanding customer engagement valence (CEV) in a virtual service network. There is yet a comprehensive explanation of the CEV concept, particularly its impact on multi-actor networks such as web stores. Therefore, this study aims to fill this research gap. In this study, past literature in the marketing and consumer psychology field was critically reviewed to understand the concept of CEV in online shopping, and the propositional-based style was employed to conceptualize the CEV within the online shopping (web stores) context. The outcomes demonstrate that the valence of customer engagement is dependent on the cognitive interpretation of signals that are prompted by multiple actors on a web store service network. If the signals are positively interpreted, positive outcomes such as service co-creation are expected, but if they are negatively interpreted, negative outcomes such as service co-destruction are predicted. These notions create avenues for future empirical research and practical implications.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
Determinants of consumer adoption of halal cosmetics: A systematic literature review

Isa RM, Man S, Rahman NNA, Aziz A

J Cosmet Dermatol, 2023 Mar;22(3):752-762.
PMID: 36700377 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15486

BACKGROUND: The global halal cosmetics market is projected to grow during the forecast period. However, the factors that influenced consumers in the world to opt for halal cosmetics remain ambiguous.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to understand the universal concept of halal cosmetics and a framework of critical points that influence consumers in purchasing halal cosmetic products.
METHOD: The method used was Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement by using Web of Science and Scopus databases. This study extends the systematic literature review covering all variables in purchasing halal cosmetics as halal cosmetic is not simply a religious issue, but it is also an opportunity to increase sales and acquire a competitive advantage.
RESULTS: This study found 14 articles that mainly discussed the critical points related to religiosity and product factors, that is, ingredient, halal logo, and halal certification as the highest driver in influencing consumers to purchase halal cosmetics. Other related factors in this study are price, promotion, place, social factors, and characteristics of consumers. These factors should be taken into consideration as they provide a plus point and an extra edge to local or international manufacturers to tap the global markets for halal cosmetic products that cater to both Muslims and non-Muslims communities.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Cosmetic manufacturers and marketers must ensure that their products suit the expectation of consumers as todays halalan and tayyiban products are being searched rather than branded products due to their cleanliness, safety, and hygienic.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study is among the earliest study examining the factors of purchase intention in halal cosmetics using a systematic literature review method that integrates marketing stimulus (product, price, promotion, and place) and other stimuli (social, religious, and characteristics).

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
What is the optimum social marketing mix to market energy conservation behaviour: an empirical study

Sheau-Ting L, Mohammed AH, Weng-Wai C

J Environ Manage, 2013 Dec 15;131:196-205.
PMID: 24178312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.10.001

This study attempts to identify the optimum social marketing mix for marketing energy conservation behaviour to students in Malaysian universities. A total of 2000 students from 5 major Malaysian universities were invited to provide their preferred social marketing mix. A choice-based conjoint analysis identified a mix of five social marketing attributes to promote energy conservation behaviour; the mix is comprised of the attributes of Product, Price, Place, Promotion, and Post-purchase Maintenance. Each attribute of the mix is associated with a list of strategies. The Product and Post-purchase Maintenance attributes were identified by students as the highest priority attributes in the social marketing mix for energy conservation behaviour marketing, with shares of 27.12% and 27.02%, respectively. The least preferred attribute in the mix is Promotion, with a share of 11.59%. This study proposes an optimal social marketing mix to university management when making decisions about marketing energy conservation behaviour to students, who are the primary energy consumers in the campus. Additionally, this study will assist university management to efficiently allocate scarce resources in fulfilling its social responsibility and to overcome marketing shortcomings by selecting the right marketing mix.

Matched MeSH terms: Social Marketing*
Fulltext Do customers' perceptions of Islamic banking services predict satisfaction and word of mouth? Evidence from Islamic banks in Bangladesh

Rahman MK, Hoque MN, Yusuf SNS, Yusoff MNHB, Begum F

PLoS One, 2023;18(1):e0280108.
PMID: 36662905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280108

This study aims to investigate the customers' perceptions of Islamic banking services and their impact on satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) with others. This study designs the bootstrapping procedures using a partial least square method to test path coefficient results. Structured questionnaires were distributed among clients of Islamic banks in Dhaka city, where 377 responses were collected for data analysis. The findings revealed that there is a highly significant relationship between security and customers' perception. Ethical responsibility and religious value have a positive and significant impact on customers' perception whereas benefit has a negative significant impact on customers' perception. Findings from this study also indicated that customers' perceptions mediate the effect of ethical responsibility, religious value, benefit, and security on satisfaction. In addition, customers' satisfaction mediates the effect of customers' perception and WOM. These findings can promote managers of Islamic banks to build customer satisfaction and WOM with Islamic banking services, and attain competitive advantage that may lead Islamic banks to succeed in the competitive business. This study also provides new insights into customers' WOM with others about Islamic banking services. This knowledge could assist Islamic banks to understand the customers' perceptions that would increase satisfaction and in turn, contribute to WOM with others in determining where would be best to target marketing attention of Islamic banking services with limited resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing*
Southeast Asian countries vie with each other to woo foreign patients

Choo V

Lancet, 2002 Sep 28;360(9338):1004.
PMID: 12383679
Matched MeSH terms: Marketing of Health Services/methods*
Fulltext Market Structure, Financial Dependence and Industrial Growth: Evidence from the Banking Industry in Emerging Asian Economies

Khan HH, Ahmad RB, Gee CS

PLoS One, 2016;11(8):e0160452.
PMID: 27490847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160452

In this study, we examine the role of market structure for growth in financially dependent industries from 10 emerging Asian economies over the period of 1995-2011. Our approach departs from existing studies in that we apply four alternative measures of market structure based on structural and non-structural approaches and compare their outcomes. Results indicate that higher bank concentration may slow down the growth of financially dependent industries. Bank competition on the other hand, allows financially dependent industries to grow faster. These findings are consistent across a number of sensitivity checks such as alternative measures of financial dependence, institutional factors (including property rights, quality of accounting standards and bank ownership), and endogeneity consideration. In sum, our study suggests that financially dependent industries grow more in more competitive/less concentrated banking systems. Therefore, regulatory authorities need to be careful while pursuing a consolidation policy for banking sector in emerging Asian economies.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing*
Fulltext Enhancing business intelligence by means of suggestive reviews

Qazi A, Raj RG, Tahir M, Cambria E, Syed KB

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:879323.
PMID: 25054188 DOI: 10.1155/2014/879323

Appropriate identification and classification of online reviews to satisfy the needs of current and potential users pose a critical challenge for the business environment. This paper focuses on a specific kind of reviews: the suggestive type. Suggestions have a significant influence on both consumers' choices and designers' understanding and, hence, they are key for tasks such as brand positioning and social media marketing. The proposed approach consists of three main steps: (1) classify comparative and suggestive sentences; (2) categorize suggestive sentences into different types, either explicit or implicit locutions; (3) perform sentiment analysis on the classified reviews. A range of supervised machine learning approaches and feature sets are evaluated to tackle the problem of suggestive opinion mining. Experimental results for all three tasks are obtained on a dataset of mobile phone reviews and demonstrate that extending a bag-of-words representation with suggestive and comparative patterns is ideal for distinguishing suggestive sentences. In particular, it is observed that classifying suggestive sentences into implicit and explicit locutions works best when using a mixed sequential rule feature representation. Sentiment analysis achieves maximum performance when employing additional preprocessing in the form of negation handling and target masking, combined with sentiment lexicons.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing/methods*
Fulltext Children's exposure to unhealthy food advertising on Philippine television: content analysis of marketing strategies and temporal patterns

Borazon EQ, Magracia MR, Ong GR, Gillott BK, Mackay S, Swinburn B, et al.

Glob Health Action, 2024 Dec 31;17(1):2427445.
PMID: 39570293 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2427445

BACKGROUND: This study conducted an exploratory content analysis of TV food advertisements on the top three most popular channels for Filipino children aged two to 17 during school and non-school days.
METHODS: Data were collected by manually recording of aired advertisements from 16 non-school days (July to September 2020) and 16 school days (January to April 2021). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used to assess children's rates of exposure to food advertisements (mean ± SD of advertisements aired per channel per hour), the healthiness of promoted foods (as permitted (healthier) or not permitted (unhealthy) according to nutrient profiling models from the World Health Organization), and persuasive techniques used in food advertisements, including promotional characters and premium offers.
RESULTS: The results show that the rates of exposure to food advertisements were higher during school days (14.6 ± 14.8) than on non-school days (11.9 ± 12.0) (p

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing/methods
Fulltext The readiness of takaful operators to adopt waqf (endowment) as additional feature in takaful policy

Amirul Afif Muhamat, Siti Zubaidah Ahmad, Azreen Roslan, Norzitah Abdul Karim, Norfaridah Ali Azizan

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2019;7(101):72-81.
MyJurnal

This paper aims to explore the readi n ess of takaful operators to integrate waqf as part of their product feature by assessing on the components of as proposed in the New Product Development Model: marketing supports; formalized development process and top management supports. Questionnaire w a s employed in this survey and takaful operators’ employees who involved in product development were selected such as actuaries, business development managers and their executives. Unexpectedly, several takaful operators withdrew from participating in the s urvey (it was last minute) which is limitation in this study. Accordingly, it caused the use of non parametric tests in this study since the data is not normally distributed. Spearman rank correlation shows that formalized development process is the sig n ificant factor that influenced the readiness of the takaful operators to integrate waqf in their products. However, the other two independent variables which are marketing supports and top management supports depicted insignificant result. Nevertheless, t h e findings were still able to provide insights on the integration of waqf by takaful operators as their latest products’ feature.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
Fulltext Home sharing in marketing and tourism at a tipping point: What do we know, how do we know, and where should we be heading?

Lim WM, Yap SF, Makkar M

J Bus Res, 2021 Jan;122:534-566.
PMID: 33012896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.051

The proliferation of home sharing in the extant marketing and tourism literature has only been accelerated in recent times due to the emergence of the sharing economy. This paper contends that it is now an opportune time to pursue a stock take of existing knowledge in order to guide future marketing and tourism research on home sharing. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to review and propose an agenda for home sharing from a marketing and tourism perspective. Through a framework-based systematic review, this paper offers an organized, retrospective view of the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes (ADO) of home sharing in marketing and tourism. The paper also provides a snapshot on the theories, contexts, and methods (TCM) employed to gain this understanding before concluding with a discussion on the extant knowledge gaps and the ways in which these gaps could be addressed through pertinent ideas for future marketing and tourism research on home sharing.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
Fulltext Multi-audience tracking with RGB-D camera on digital signage

Low CC, Ong LY, Koo VC, Leow MC

Heliyon, 2020 Sep;6(9):e05107.
PMID: 33024875 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05107

Digital signage is widely utilized in digital-out-of-home (DOOH) advertising for marketing and business. Recently, the combination of the digital camera and digital signage enables the advertiser to gather the audience demographic for audience measurement. Audience measurement is useful for the advertiser to understand the audience's behavior and improve their business strategies. When an audience is facing the digital display, the vision-based DOOH system will process the audience's face and broadcast a personalized advertisement. Most of the digital signage is available in an uncontrolled environment of public areas. Thus, it poses two main challenges for the vision-based DOOH system to track the audience's movement, which are multiple adjacent faces and occlusion by passer-by. In this paper, a new framework is proposed to combine the digital signage with a depth camera for tracking multi-face in the three-dimensional (3D) environment. The proposed framework extracts the audience's face centroid position (x, y) and depth information (z) and plots into the aerial map to simulate the audience's movement that is corresponding to the real-world environment. The advertiser can further measure the advertising effectiveness through the audience's behavior.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
Fulltext International Chinese Student Satisfaction towards University Malaysia Sabah’s Nursing Mobility Programme

Segaran R., Ryan, Rancel Ronquilo

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):27-28.
MyJurnal

Over the last few years, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) as part of its global marketing initiative opened its doors to international students to take up elective as well full time programmes. In September 2017, 36 nursing students from a university in China completed a 12-week elective /mobility programme in UMS.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
Fulltext COMPETITIVE CAPABILITIES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ACCOMMODATIONS (SMSAs) IN EAST COAST OF MALAYSIA

NUR FARAH ZAFIRA ZAIDI, SITI NUR ‘ATIKAH ZULKIFFLI, NOOR ZATUL IFFAH HUSSIN

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2019;1(1):24-32.
MyJurnal

The number of small and medium-sized accommodations (SMSAs) has increased in Malaysia in tandem with the growth of the tourism industry worldwide. The states involved in this study were Terengganu, Kelantan and Pahang. The SMSAs in these states are rated using Orchid rating, namely 1-Orchid, 2-Orchid and 3-Orchid, generated by the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture Malaysia (MOTAC). This study applied the Resource-based View (RBV) theory to investigate four factors (marketing management, human resourcesmanagement, innovation capability management and information technology) assumed to be competitive capabilities that may influence accommodation’s performance. The objective of the study is to examine whether the four factors influence the performance of Orchid-rated accommodations located in the East Coast of West Malaysia. The results revealed that the four factors do not have any relationship with the accommodation’s performance. The analysis also singled out one argument of the director of SMSA that competitive capabilities are not important to their business. This argument coincides with the results of the analysis that the four factors are not significant with regards to the accommodations’ performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
Fulltext Identifying factors on agent’s sales: a case study in an apparel manufacturing company

Nor Hasliza, Mat Desa, Siti Zamira Aida, Mat Jusoh

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2020;3(1):36-41.
MyJurnal

Agents are the most important marketing tools for company to become a successful in business. Agents not only operate as a channel to customers, but they also play an important role in providing customers with a variety of services before and after the sales. The main purpose of this study is to identify the factor influencing agent’s sales at an Apparel Manufacturing company. There are three categories of agents at the company namely, Trial agent, Basic agent and Premium agent. Based on the sales records in May 2018, the sales of product obtained by Trial Agent is lower than Basic and Premium Agents in this company. Therefore, this study aims to determine difference mean on record sales by agent among three categories of agents. This study also investigates the relationship between sales records by agents and years of experienced in business. Data was collected using questionnaire from 46 active agents at the company. Data was analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression. Result showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean sales records among the three of agent’s categories. Furthermore, there is a strong positive correlation between sales records by agent and years of experienced in business. Meanwhile, factors of knowledge and skills in business are most contributed to the agent’s sales. This study can help the company to create a strategic business plan and conducting several workshop trainings for agents to increase their knowledge and skills in business.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
Fulltext Marketing strategies to improve the sales of bakery products of small-medium enterprise (SMEs) in Malaysia

S. Kiumarsi, Jayaraman, K., Salmi Mohd Isa, Asra Varastegani

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(6):2101-2107.
MyJurnal

Bakery products become a regular food in most part of the world and are essential commodities today. There is a high potential for business growth in selling bakery products. In the business world, Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are primarily engaged in the bakery business, but cannot compete with the branded bakery Industry. The SMEs in Malaysia are striving hard to achieve growth in the business of bakery products. The present case study deals with the issues faced by SMEs and provided some valid recommendations to resolve the existing problems in the bakery business. The case analysis and its findings reveal that SMEs have unstructured marketing strategies and needs enhancements in the areas of packaging, value add to the bakery products, focus on promotion and appropriate advertising strategies. Further, the analysis reveals that more coverage of selling points for bakery products, the increased number of distribution centers and proper incentives to the agents may definitely improve the marketing of bakery products.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing
The role of pharmaceutical marketing and other factors in prescribing decisions: the Yemeni experience

Al-Areefi MA, Hassali MA, Mohamed Ibrahim MI

Res Social Adm Pharm, 2013 Nov-Dec;9(6):981-8.
PMID: 23218551 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.10.006

Prescribing decisions are a complex phenomenon and influenced by many pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors. Little is known about the actual prescribing behaviors of physicians or the factors behind their prescribing decisions.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing*
Drug promotion and labeling in developing countries: an update

Lee PR, Lurie P, Silverman MM, Lydecker M

J Clin Epidemiol, 1991;44 Suppl 2:49S-55S.
PMID: 2045842

Recent studies of drug promotion and labeling in Third World countries since 1972 have observed important changes in the policies of multinational corporations. Earlier studies found that multinational and national drug companies often grossly exaggerated the indications for the drugs and minimized or ignored the hazards. In the latest study, initiated in 1987, considerable improvement in promotional practices of the multinational corporations has been found, but little or no improvement on the part of the national companies. As a result, physicians are still provided with grossly exaggerated claims and the hazards of prescription drugs are covered up or glossed over. A very serious problem--the marketing of fraudulent drug products--has been identified in a number of Third World countries. Drug products are shaped and colored to resemble the original multinational company product, but contain only a small percentage of the active ingredient stated on the label, or perhaps none at all. In Indonesia fraudulent drug products may represent 20-30% of all drug products in the market. Similar fraudulent products have been reported in Brazil, Thailand, Bangladesh and Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing of Health Services/methods*
Fulltext Stock market comovements among Asian emerging economies: A wavelet-based approach

Younis I, Longsheng C, Basheer MF, Joyo AS

PLoS One, 2020;15(10):e0240472.
PMID: 33044995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240472

Stock market, is one of the most important financial market which has a close relationship with a country's economy, due to which it is often called the barometer of the economy. Over the past 25 years, the stock markets have been affected by different global economic shocks. Various researchers have analyzed different aspects of these effects one by one, however, this study is an assessment of stock market interrelationship of emeriging Asian economies which include most of the East Asian, and Southeast Asian emerging economies with special focus on China for past decades during which different crisis occurred. We used Morgan Stanley capital international (MSCI) daily indices data for each stock market and compared Chinese stock market with the stock markets of India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. We analyzed the data through the individual wavelet power spectrum, cross-wavelet transform and wavelet coherence, to determine the correlation and volatility among the selected stock markets. These model have the power to analyze co-movements among these countries with respect to both frequency and time spaces. Our findings show that there are co-movement patterns of higher frequencies during the crises periods of 1997, 2008 and 2015. The dependency strength among the considered economies is noted to increase in the crisis periods, which implies increased short- and long-term benefits for the investors. From a financial point of view, it has been determined that the co-movement strength among the emerging economies of Asia may have an effect on the VaR (Value at Risk) levels of a multi-country portfolio. Furthermore, the stock market of China shows a high correlation with the other six Asian stock emerging markets in both high and low-frequency spectrums. The association of the south and east Asian stock market with Chinese stock markets show the interconnection of these economies with the economy of China since past two decades. These findings are useful for investors, portfolio managers and the policymaker around the globe.

Matched MeSH terms: Marketing/economics*

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