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The spectrum of lymphoma in Malaysia: a histopathological study utilizing immunophenotyping

Mancer K

Malays J Pathol, 1990 Dec;12(2):77-88.
PMID: 2102968

A retrospective study was made to determine relative incidence of lymphoma subtypes in Malaysia. High grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found to be common. Low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease were relatively rare in this Malaysian series. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell immunophenotype was four times as common as that of T-cell lineage. There was a high incidence of primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology*
Malignant tumours in west Malaysia

Kutty MK, Balasegaram M

J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1972 Mar;17(2):102-7.
PMID: 5021743
Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/epidemiology
Fulltext Malignant lymphoma in children: University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur 1967-1980

Sinniah D, Tan BE, Lin HP

Singapore Med J, 1983 Jun;24(3):140-4.
PMID: 6635676

Malignant lymphoma constitutes the third most common childhood malignancy seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur and can be categorised into Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Both diseases demonstrate a higher preference for Chinese males. The majority of patients presented with stage IV disease. High default rate and poor compliance to treatment were associated with poor overall cure rates but encouraging results have been obtained in those who adhered to therapy. There is an obvious need to educate the public on the improved outlook 'or childhood malignancies and 'or earlier referral to help reduce the higher mortality and morbidity associated with advanced disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology*
Lymphoma: an introduction into historical background, classification schemes, aetiology, geographical variation and epidemiological trend

Peh SC, Poppema S

Malays J Pathol, 2001 Dec;23(2):49-63.
PMID: 12166593
Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology
Fulltext Spectrum of malignant lymphoma in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah

Peh SC, Shaminie J, Jayasurya P, Hiew J

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):546-55.
PMID: 15190631

Lymphomas, ranked twelve among all cancers world-wide in the 1990s, in which it is more prevalent in males compared to females. A previous study on lymphomas in East Malaysia for a period of 3 years from 1981-1983 showed that the pattern of lymphomas conformed to the general pattern observed in Asia. Current study reviews lymphoma cases from the Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah between 1997 and 1999, with the aim of investigating if the spectrum and pattern in Sabah has since changed, a decade later. A total of 91 confirmed lymphoma cases were phenotyped with a panel of antibodies and classified using the new WHO proposed list of lymphoid neoplasms. The 1981-1983 series was reviewed and cases reclassified accordingly for comparison. There are 83 (91.2%) NHL and 8 (8.8%) HL cases in this series, a ratio of NHL to HL of 9:1. Of the 83 cases of NHL, 66 (79.5%) were confirmed B-cell type, 13 (15.7%) T-phenotype, 1(1.2%) null cell type and one case unclassified. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most prevalent, (65.1%), followed by Burkitt's lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, (10.6%) each. Lymphoma pattern concurs with the previous series from Sabah, with higher prevalence of diffuse large cell lymphoma and lower incidence of follicular lymphoma and HL, as seen elsewhere in Asia. There is an overall increase in the number of cases of NHL in the 1990s. However, the proportion of T-NHL is reduced when compared to the series in the 1980s.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology*
Quality of life amongst lymphoma survivors in a developing country

Ng DL, Leong YC, Gan GG

Support Care Cancer, 2016 12;24(12):5015-5023.
PMID: 27460016

PURPOSE: The survival for patients with lymphoma has improved over the past decades with the introduction of novel agents. Quality of life of these survivors is now being studied with focus on minimising the late effects of chemotherapy and improving psychosocial support. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression of lymphoma survivors and to investigate the possible association between these disorders and quality of life.
METHODS: Patients with previous diagnosis of lymphoma who remained in remission were recruited from a major hospital in Malaysia. Quality of life of these patients was measured using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C30). Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS).
RESULTS: A total of 156 patients participated in this study. Eighteen percent (18 %) of patients had symptoms of anxiety, and 10 % had symptoms of depression. Patients who had higher depression scores were older, of lower education level and had more than one comorbidity illness. Patients with anxiety were associated with lower overall quality of life (QOL) score, lower emotional and cognitive functioning and complained more of fatigue and insomnia (p lymphoma survivors for any psychological disorders in order early counseling and support can be provided. This may improve patients' quality of life.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology
Burkitt's lymphoma in West Malaysia

Ramanathan K

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1972 Jun;3(2):249-54.
PMID: 5082854
Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/epidemiology*
Fulltext Herpes zoster in children with cancer

Menon BS, Wan Maziah WM

Malays J Pathol, 2001 Jun;23(1):47-8.
PMID: 16329548

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and outcome of herpes zoster hospitalised children with cancer in Kota Baru. It was a retrospective review from January 1994 to December 1998. The diagnosis of herpes zoster was a clinical one. Herpes zoster was diagnosed in 10 of 188 (5%) children with malignancy. The most common malignancy was leukaemia. Nine children were treated with acyclovir. No child developed visceral dissemination and there were no deaths.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/epidemiology; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology
The pattern of lymphoma in east Malaysian patients as experienced in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Chai SP, Peh SC, Kim LH, Lim MY, Gudum HR

Malays J Pathol, 1999 Jun;21(1):45-50.
PMID: 10879278

Lymphoma is a highly heterogeneous group of malignant disease. This study aimed to elucidate the pattern of lymphoma in the East Malaysian patient population. 107 cases of confirmed lymphomas from East Malaysian biopsy material were retrieved from the files of the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya, in the 3-year period between 1981 to 1983. With the use of a panel of lymphoid antibodies, the disease was sub-classified using the Rye classification for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and the REAL classification for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). All of the cases were tested for the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus by EBER-ISH. There were 11 (10.3%) HL, 80 (74.7%) B-NHL and 16 (15%) T-NHL. The HL:NHL ratio was 1:9. The most common tumour in children was Burkitt's lymphoma 7/13 (53.8%). In the adult group, there were 72/94 (76.6%) B-NHL ¿diffuse large cell type 51 (of which 2 were CD30+), Burkitt's lymphoma 8, follicular lymphoma 5, low grade MALT 2, mantle cell type 1 and not otherwise specified due to poor morphology 5¿, 13/94 (13.8%) T-NHL and 9/94 (9.6%) HL. Of the 9 adult HL, the most common subtype was nodular sclerosis (6, 66.7%). The EBER positive rate in classical HL, T-NHL, BL and B-NHL were 33.3%, 56.3%, 60.0% and 3.1% respectively. In conclusion, the spectrum of lymphoma seen in East Malaysia was rather similar to West Malaysia except for the very low prevalence of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in Sarawak (3.3%).

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology*
Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in countries of Southeast Asia compared to the USA, the Caribbean and Africa

Ablashi D, Chatlynne L, Cooper H, Thomas D, Yadav M, Norhanom AW, et al.

Br. J. Cancer, 1999 Nov;81(5):893-7.
PMID: 10555764

Seroprevalence of HHV-8 has been studied in Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Trinidad, Jamaica and the USA, in both healthy individuals and those infected with HIV. Seroprevalence was found to be low in these countries in both the healthy and the HIV-infected populations. This correlates with the fact that hardly any AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma has been reported in these countries. In contrast, the African countries of Ghana, Uganda and Zambia showed high seroprevalences in both healthy and HIV-infected populations. This suggests that human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) may be either a recently introduced virus or one that has extremely low infectivity. Nasopharyngeal and oral carcinoma patients from Malaysia, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka who have very high EBV titres show that only 3/82 (3.7%) have antibody to HHV-8, demonstrating that there is little, if any, cross-reactivity between antibodies to these two gamma viruses.

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/epidemiology
Leukaemia and lymphoma in Malaysia

Bosco J, Cherian R, Lin HP, Pang T

Leuk. Res., 1985;9(6):789-91.
PMID: 3874337
Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology*
Fulltext Prediagnostic circulating concentrations of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of lymphoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Perez-Cornago A, Appleby PN, Tipper S, Key TJ, Allen NE, Nieters A, et al.

Int J Cancer, 2017 Mar 01;140(5):1111-1118.
PMID: 27870006 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30528

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has cancer promoting activities. However, the hypothesis that circulating IGF-I concentration is related to risk of lymphoma overall or its subtypes has not been examined prospectively. IGF-I concentration was measured in pre-diagnostic plasma samples from a nested case-control study of 1,072 cases of lymphoid malignancies and 1,072 individually matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for lymphoma were calculated using conditional logistic regression. IGF-I concentration was not associated with overall lymphoma risk (multivariable-adjusted OR for highest versus lowest third = 0.77 [95% CI = 0.57-1.03], ptrend = 0.06). There was no statistical evidence of heterogeneity in this association with IGF-I by sex, age at blood collection, time between blood collection and diagnosis, age at diagnosis, or body mass index (pheterogeneity for all ≥ 0.05). There were no associations between IGF-I concentration and risk for specific BCL subtypes, T-cell lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma, although number of cases were small. In this European population, IGF-I concentration was not associated with risk of overall lymphoma. This study provides the first prospective evidence on circulating IGF-I concentrations and risk of lymphoma. Further prospective data are required to examine associations of IGF-I concentrations with lymphoma subtypes.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology
Fulltext Cancer in Sabah (Borneo) a prelimanry survey

Muir CS, Evans MD, Roche PJ

Br. J. Cancer, 1968 Dec;22(4):637-45.
PMID: 5705133 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1968.75
Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology
Practical Considerations for Using RNA Sequencing in Management of B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Malaysia-Singapore Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 2020 Implementation Strategy

Ni Chin WH, Li Z, Jiang N, Lim EH, Suang Lim JY, Lu Y, et al.

J Mol Diagn, 2021 10;23(10):1359-1372.
PMID: 34365011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.07.013

Despite the immense genetic heterogeneity of B-lymphoblastic leukemia [or precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)], RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) could comprehensively interrogate its genetic drivers, assigning a specific molecular subtype in >90% of patients. However, study groups have only started to use RNA-Seq. For broader clinical use, technical, quality control, and appropriate performance validation are needed. We describe the development and validation of an RNA-Seq workflow for subtype classification, TPMT/NUDT15/TP53 variant discovery, and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) disease clone identification for Malaysia-Singapore acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 2020. We validated this workflow in 377 patients in our preceding Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2003/Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2010 studies and proposed the quality control measures for RNA quality, library size, sequencing, and data analysis using the International Organization for Standardization 15189 quality and competence standard for medical laboratories. Compared with conventional methods, we achieved >95% accuracy in oncogene fusion identification, digital karyotyping, and TPMT and NUDT15 variant discovery. We found seven pathogenic TP53 mutations, confirmed with Sanger sequencing, which conferred a poorer outcome. Applying this workflow prospectively to the first 21 patients in Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2020, we identified the genetic drivers and IGH disease clones in >90% of patients with concordant TPMT, NUDT15, and TP53 variants using PCR-based methods. The median turnaround time was 12 days, which was clinically actionable. In conclusion, RNA-Seq workflow could be used clinically in management of B-cell ALL patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology
Fulltext Characteristics of young colorectal cancer in Brunei Darussalam: an epidemiologic study of 29 years (1986-2014)

Koh KS, Telisinghe PU, Bickle I, Abdullah MS, Chong CF, Chong VH

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(8):3279-83.
PMID: 25921132

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the incidence is increasing. CRC is more common with increasing age, but a proportion occurs in young adults, termed young CRC. This study assessed the incidence and the demographic of young CRC in Brunei Darussalam.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: All histologically proven CRC between 1986 and 2014 registered with the Department of Pathology cancer registry were reviewed and data extracted for analyses. Young CRC was defined as cancer in patients aged less than 45 years. The various population groups were categorized into locals (Malays, Chinese and Indigenous) and expatriates.

RESULTS: Over the study period, there were 1,126 histologically proven CRC (mean age 59.1 ± 14.7 years, Male 58.0%, Locals 91.8% and 8.2% expatriates). Young CRC accounted for 15.1% with the proportion declining over the years, from 29% (1986-1990) to 13.2% (2011-2014). The proportion of young CRC was highest among the indigenous (30.8%), followed by the expatriates (29.3%), Malays (14.3%) and lowest among the Chinese (10.8%). The mean age of young CRC was 35.9 ± 6.2; lowest among the indigenous (33.5 ± 6.7), expatriate (34.9 ± 6.0) groupd and the Malays (35.6 ± 6.5) compared to the Chinese (38.6 ± 4.6), a similar trend being observed in the non-young CRC groups. There were no difference between the genders and tumor locations (rectum or colon) between the young and the non-young CRC cases. Female young CRC was significantly younger than male (p<0.05) without any significant variation between the various population groups (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the young CRC accounted for 15.1% of all CRC with declining trend observed over recent years. Young CRC was more common among indigenous, expatriates and Malays and least common among the Chinese. There were no differences in the gender and tumor locations.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/epidemiology*