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Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Stem Cells: Features and Therapeutic Effects on Neurogenerative and Hepatobiliary-pancreatic Diseases

Wahab NWA, Guad RM, Subramaniyan V, Fareez IM, Choy KW, Bonam SR, et al.

Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2021;16(5):563-576.
PMID: 32957893 DOI: 10.2174/1574888X15999200918105623

Stem cells can multiply into more cells with similar types in an undifferentiated form and differentiate into other types of cells. The great success and key essence of stem cell technology is the isolation of high-quality Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) with high potency, either with multipotent or pluripotent property. In this line, Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are highly proliferative stem cells from dental pulp and have multipoint differentiation capacity. These cells play a pivotal role in regenerative medicine, such as cell repair associated with neurodegenerative, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic diseases. In addition, stem cell therapy has been widely used to regulate immune response and repair of tissue lesions. This overview captured the differential biological characteristics, and the potential role of stem cell technology and paid special attention to human welfare SHEDs in eliminating the above-mentioned diseases. This review provides further insights into stem cell technology by expanding the therapeutic potential of SHEDs in tissue engineering and cell organ repairs.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Diseases/therapy
Liver disease in mitochondrial disorders

Lee WS, Sokol RJ

Semin Liver Dis, 2007 Aug;27(3):259-73.
PMID: 17682973

Liver involvement, a common feature in childhood mitochondrial hepatopathies, particularly in the neonatal period, may manifest as neonatal acute liver failure, hepatic steatohepatitis, cholestasis, or cirrhosis with chronic liver failure of insidious onset. There are usually significant neuromuscular symptoms, multisystem involvement, and lactic acidemia. The liver disease is usually progressive and eventually fatal. Current medical therapy of mitochondrial hepatopathies is largely ineffective, and the prognosis is usually poor. The role of liver transplantation in patients with liver failure remains poorly defined because of the systemic nature of the disease that does not respond to transplantation. Several specific molecular defects (mutations in nuclear genes such as SCO1, BCS1L, POLG, DGUOK, and MPV17 and deletion or rearrangement of mitochondrial DNA) have been identified in recent years. Prospective, longitudinal multicenter studies will be needed to address the gaps in our knowledge in these rare liver diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Diseases/therapy*
Endoscopic intervention for hepatolithiasis associated with sharp angulation of right intrahepatic ducts

Mahadeva S, Prabakharan R, Goh KL

Gastrointest Endosc, 2003 Aug;58(2):279-82.
PMID: 12872105

Hepatolithiasis (intrahepatic stones) is common in Asian patients. Hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic strictures and sharp ductal angulation poses a particularly difficult management problem.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Diseases/therapy*
Fulltext Liver Pathology in Rats Treated with Newcastle Disease Virus Strains AF2240 and V4-UPM

Assayaghi RM, Alabsi AM, Swethadri G, Ali AM

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Oct 01;20(10):3071-3075.
PMID: 31653156 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.10.3071

BACKGROUND: Treatment of cancer with chemo-radiotherapy causes severe side effects due to cytotoxic effects towards normal tissues which often results in morbidity. Therefore, developing anticancer agents which can selectively target the cancer cells and cause less side effects are the main objectives of the new therapeutic strategies for treatment advanced or metastatic cancers. Newcastle disease virus strains AF2240 and V4-UPM were shown to be cytolytic against various cancer cells in-vitro and very effective as antileukemicagents.
METHODS: 45 rats at 6 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to nine groups with 5 rats in each group, both azoxymethane (AOM) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) were given to rats according to the body weight. NDV virus strains (AF2240 and V4-UPM) doses were determined to rats according to CD50 resulted from MTT assay. After 8 doses of NDV strians and 5-FU, tissue sections preparations and histopathological study of rats' organs were done.
RESULTS: In this article morphological changes of rats' organs, especially in livers, after treatment with a colon carcinogen (azoxymethane) and Newcastle disease virus strains have been recorded. We observed liver damage caused by AOM evidenced by morphological changes and enzymatic elevation were protected by the oncolytic viruses sections. Also we found that combination treatment NDV with 5-FU had greater antitumor efficacy than treatment with NDV or 5-FU alone.
CONCLUSION: We noted morphological changes in liver and other rats' organs due to a chemical carcinogen and their protection by NDV AF2240 and NDV V4-UPM seems to be most protective.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Diseases/therapy*
Fulltext Management of patients with liver derangement during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Asia-Pacific position statement

Wong GL, Wong VW, Thompson A, Jia J, Hou J, Lesmana CRA, et al.

Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020 08;5(8):776-787.
PMID: 32585136 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30190-4

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide. It is common to encounter patients with COVID-19 with abnormal liver function, either in the form of hepatitis, cholestasis, or both. The clinical implications of liver derangement might be variable in different clinical scenarios. With growing evidence of its clinical significance, it would be clinically helpful to provide practice recommendations for various common clinical scenarios of liver derangement during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Asia-Pacific Working Group for Liver Derangement during the COVID-19 Pandemic was formed to systematically review the literature with special focus on the clinical management of patients who have been or who are at risk of developing liver derangement during this pandemic. Clinical scenarios covering the use of pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 in the case of liver derangement, and assessment and management of patients with chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and liver transplantation during the pandemic are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Diseases/therapy*
Fulltext Interventions for preventing and managing advanced liver disease in cystic fibrosis

Palaniappan SK, Than NN, Thein AW, van Mourik I

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2020 03 30;3:CD012056.
PMID: 32227478 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012056.pub3

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene resulting in abnormal regulation of salt and water movement across the membranes. In the liver this leads to focal biliary fibrosis resulting in progressive portal hypertension and end-stage liver disease in some individuals. This can be asymptomatic, but may lead to splenomegaly and hypersplenism, development of varices and variceal bleeding, and ascites; it has negative impact on overall nutritional status and respiratory function in this population. Prognosis is poor once significant portal hypertension is established. The role and outcome of various interventions for managing advanced liver disease (non-malignant end stage disease) in people with cystic fibrosis is currently unidentified. This is an updated version of a previously published review.
OBJECTIVES: To review and assess the efficacy of currently available treatment options for preventing and managing advanced liver disease in children and adults with cystic fibrosis.
SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. Date of last search: 19 November 2019. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews and online trials registries. Date of last search: 01 January 2020.
SELECTION CRITERIA: Any published and unpublished randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised controlled trials of advanced liver disease in cystic fibrosis with cirrhosis or liver failure, portal hypertension or variceal bleeding (or both).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Authors independently examined titles and abstracts to identify potentially relevant trials, but none were eligible for inclusion in this review.
MAIN RESULTS: A comprehensive search of the literature did not identify any published eligible randomised controlled trials.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In order to develop the best source of evidence, there is a need to undertake randomised controlled trials of interventions for preventing and managing advanced liver disease in adults and children with cystic fibrosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Diseases/therapy*