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  1. Fulltext Ion-imprinted membranes for lithium recovery: A review
    Zavahir S, Riyaz NS, Elmakki T, Tariq H, Ahmad Z, Chen Y, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2024 Apr;354:141674.
    PMID: 38462186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141674
    This review critically examines the effectiveness of ion-imprinted membranes (IIMs) in selectively recovering lithium (Li) from challenging sources such as seawater and brine. These membranes feature customized binding sites that specifically target Li ions, enabling selective separation from other ions, thanks to cavities shaped with crown ether or calixarene for improved selectivity. The review thoroughly investigates the application of IIMs in Li extraction, covering extensive sections on 12-crown-4 ether (a fundamental crown ether for Li), its modifications, calixarenes, and other materials for creating imprinting sites. It evaluates these systems against several criteria, including the source solution's complexity, Li+ concentration, operational pH, selectivity, and membrane's ability for regeneration and repeated use. This evaluation places IIMs as a leading-edge technology for Li extraction, surpassing traditional methods like ion-sieves, particularly in high Mg2+/Li+ ratio brines. It also highlights the developmental challenges of IIMs, focusing on optimizing adsorption, maintaining selectivity across varied ionic solutions, and enhancing permselectivity. The review reveals that while the bulk of research is still exploratory, only a limited portion has progressed to detailed lab verification, indicating that the application of IIMs in Li+ recovery is still at an embryonic stage, with no instances of pilot-scale trials reported. This thorough review elucidates the potential of IIMs in Li recovery, cataloging advancements, pinpointing challenges, and suggesting directions for forthcoming research endeavors. This informative synthesis serves as a valuable resource for both the scientific community and industry professionals navigating this evolving field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/chemistry
  2. Pencirian fizikal dan terma komposit seramik elektrolit SDC-(Li/Na)2CO3
    Raharjo J, Mutchar A, Wan Ramil Wan Daud, Norhamidi Muhamad, Herianto Majlan E
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:95-102.
    Dalam kertas ini dibentangkan hasil kajian sifat fizikal dan terma komposit elektrolit berasaskan samarium terdop seria (Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9, SDC) dan karbonat (67%mol Li2CO3/ 33%mol Na2CO3). Komposit SDC-(Li/Na)2CO3 adalah pengalir berion yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan elektrolit sel fuel oksida pepejal bersuhu rendah (LT-SOFC). Pencirian komposit elektrolit ini meliputi morfologi, luas permukaan bahan, analisis terma dan keliangan pelet elektrolit. Komposit elektrolit SDC-(Li/Na)2CO3 disediakan dalam dua langkah: (1) penyediaan serbuk samarium terdop seria melalui kaedah sol-gel dan (2) pencampuran samarium terdop seria dan karbonat dalam pelbagai komposisi yang berbeza melalui kaedah tindak balas keadaan pepejal. Pelet elektrolit dihasilkan dengan tekanan mampatan 25, 50, 150 and 200 MPa pada suhu pensinteran 500, 600, 700 dan 800oC. Keputusan XRD menunjukkan bahawa penambahan karbonat tidak mengubah struktur fasa SDC. Keputusan FESEM menunjukkan bahawa sebatian karbonat adalah amorfus dan tersebar dengan baik dalam matriks SDC. Semakin tinggi kandungan karbonat dalam komposit, luas permukaan serbuk komposit didapati semakin kecil. Keputusan analisis terma menunjukkan bahawa takat lebur fasa karbonat berkurang dengan berkurangnya kandungan karbonat. Keliangan optimum yang sesuai bagi elektrolit LT-SOFC iaitu 3.38% dan 4.85% telah dicapai masing-masing untuk sampel dengan kandungan karbonat 20% (SDC8020) dan 30% (SDC7030) dengan suhu pensinteran 600oC dan tekanan mampatan 200 MPa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium
  3. Lithium neurotoxicity with electroencephalogram changes
    Tan HJ, Lim KY, Rajah R, Ng CF
    BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Nov 17;14(11).
    PMID: 34789530 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246499
    Lithium is a medication with a variety of medical usage for various diseases including bipolar mood disorder. As the therapeutic window of lithium is narrow, its usage is commonly associated with toxicity. Lithium toxicity affects multiple systems especially the central nervous system, leading to neuropsychiatric complications. Haemodialysis is an effective method for lithium removal especially in severe lithium toxicity such as neurotoxicity with electroencephalogram changes. We describe a case of lithium neurotoxicity with electroencephalographic abnormalities which was reversed following haemodialysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/toxicity
  4. Microwave-assisted upcycling of plastic waste to high-performance carbon anode for lithium-ion batteries
    Mohd Abdah MAA, Mohammad Azlan FN, Wong WP, Mustafa MN, Walvekar R, Khalid M
    Chemosphere, 2024 Feb;349:140973.
    PMID: 38122940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140973
    The increasing demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has emphasized the need for affordable and sustainable materials, prompting the exploration of waste upcycling to address global sustainability challenges. In this study, we efficiently converted polypropylene (PP) plastic waste from used centrifuge tubes into activated polypropylene carbon (APC) using microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The synthesis of APC was optimized using response surface methodology/central composite design (RSM/CCD). Based on the RSM results, the optimal conditions for PP plastic conversion into carbon were determined as follows: HNO3 concentration of 3.5 M, microwave temperature of 230 °C, and holding time of 25 min. Under these conditions, the obtained intensity ratio of Id/Ig in PP carbon was 0.681 ± 0.013, with an error of 6.81 ± 0.013 % between predicted and actual values. The physicochemical studies, including FESEM-EDX, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the successful synthesis of APC samples. The APC 800 material exhibited a well-organized three-dimensional structure characterized by large pores and mesopores, enabling fast ion transport in the electrode. As a result, the APC 800 electrode demonstrated an initial discharge capacity of 381.0 mAh/g, an improved initial coulombic efficiency of 85.1%, and excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles. Notably, the APC 800 electrode displayed remarkable rate performance, showing a reversible capacity of 355.1 mAh/g when the current density was reset to 0.2 A/g, highlighting its high electrochemical reversibility. The outstanding characteristics of APC 800 as an anode electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries suggest a promising future for its application in the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium*
  5. Fulltext Association of polygenic score for major depression with response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder
    Amare AT, Schubert KO, Hou L, Clark SR, Papiol S, Cearns M, et al.
    Mol Psychiatry, 2021 Jun;26(6):2457-2470.
    PMID: 32203155 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0689-5
    Lithium is a first-line medication for bipolar disorder (BD), but only one in three patients respond optimally to the drug. Since evidence shows a strong clinical and genetic overlap between depression and bipolar disorder, we investigated whether a polygenic susceptibility to major depression is associated with response to lithium treatment in patients with BD. Weighted polygenic scores (PGSs) were computed for major depression (MD) at different GWAS p value thresholds using genetic data obtained from 2586 bipolar patients who received lithium treatment and took part in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen) study. Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies in MD (135,458 cases and 344,901 controls) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) were used for PGS weighting. Response to lithium treatment was defined by continuous scores and categorical outcome (responders versus non-responders) using measurements on the Alda scale. Associations between PGSs of MD and lithium treatment response were assessed using a linear and binary logistic regression modeling for the continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. The analysis was performed for the entire cohort, and for European and Asian sub-samples. The PGSs for MD were significantly associated with lithium treatment response in multi-ethnic, European or Asian populations, at various p value thresholds. Bipolar patients with a low polygenic load for MD were more likely to respond well to lithium, compared to those patients with high polygenic load [lowest vs highest PGS quartiles, multi-ethnic sample: OR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.18-2.01) and European sample: OR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.30-2.36)]. While our analysis in the Asian sample found equivalent effect size in the same direction: OR = 1.71 (95% CI: 0.61-4.90), this was not statistically significant. Using PGS decile comparison, we found a similar trend of association between a high genetic loading for MD and lower response to lithium. Our findings underscore the genetic contribution to lithium response in BD and support the emerging concept of a lithium-responsive biotype in BD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/therapeutic use
  6. Thermoluminescence dosimetry properties and kinetic parameters of lithium potassium borate glass co-doped with titanium and magnesium oxides
    Hashim S, Alajerami YS, Ramli AT, Ghoshal SK, Saleh MA, Abdul Kadir AB, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2014 Sep;91:126-30.
    PMID: 24929526 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.05.023
    Lithium potassium borate (LKB) glasses co-doped with TiO2 and MgO were prepared using the melt quenching technique. The glasses were cut into transparent chips and exposed to gamma rays of (60)Co to study their thermoluminescence (TL) properties. The TL glow curve of the Ti-doped material featured a single prominent peak at 230 °C. Additional incorporation of MgO as a co-activator enhanced the TL intensity threefold. LKB:Ti,Mg is a low-Z material (Z(eff)=8.89) with slow signal fading. Its radiation sensitivity is 12 times lower that the sensitivity of TLD-100. The dose response is linear at doses up to 10(3) Gy. The trap parameters, such as the kinetics order, activation energy, and frequency factor, which are related to the glow peak, were determined using TolAnal software.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium; Lithium Compounds
  7. Thermoluminescence properties of the Cu-doped lithium potassium borate glass
    Aboud H, Wagiran H, Hussin R, Ali H, Alajerami Y, Saeed MA
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2014 Aug;90:35-9.
    PMID: 24681645 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.01.012
    Characteristics of lithium potassium borate glasses with various copper concentrations are reported. The glasses were prepared by the melt quenching method and irradiated with photons to doses in the 0.5-4.0 Gy range. Glowing curves, dose response curves, reproducibility of the response, dose threshold, thermal fading and optical bleaching were studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium; Lithium Compounds
  8. Thermoluminescence properties of lithium magnesium borate glasses system doped with dysprosium oxide
    Mhareb MH, Hashim S, Ghoshal SK, Alajerami YS, Saleh MA, Razak NA, et al.
    Luminescence, 2015 Dec;30(8):1330-5.
    PMID: 25828828 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2902
    We report the impact of dysprosium (Dy(3+)) dopant and magnesium oxide (MgO) modifier on the thermoluminescent properties of lithium borate (LB) glass via two procedures. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves reveal a single prominent peak at 190 °C for 0.5 mol% of Dy(3+). An increase in MgO contents by 10 mol% enhances the TL intensity by a factor of 1.5 times without causing any shift in the maximum temperature. This enhancement is attributed to the occurrence of extra electron traps created via magnesium and the energy transfer to trivalent Dy(3+) ions. Good linearity in the range of 0.01-4 Gy with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.998, fading as low as 21% over a period of 3 months, excellent reproducibility without oven annealing and tissue equivalent effective atomic numbers ~8.71 are achieved. The trap parameters, including geometric factor (μg), activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) associated with LMB:Dy are also determined. These favorable TL characteristics of prepared glasses may contribute towards the development of Li2O-MgO-B2O3 radiation dosimeters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/chemistry*
  9. Dosimetric features and kinetic parameters of a glass system dosimeter
    Mhareb MHA, Alajerami YSM, Alqahtani M, Alshahri F, Saleh N, Alonizan N, et al.
    Luminescence, 2020 Jun;35(4):525-533.
    PMID: 31883298 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3761
    Lithium borate (LB) glasses doped with dysprosium oxide (Dy2 O3 ) have been prepared by utilizing the conventional melt-quench technique. The prepared glass samples were exposed to 60 Co to check their dosimetric features and kinetic parameters. These features involve glow curves, annealing, fading, reproducibility, minimum detectable dose (MDD), and effective atomic number (Zeff ). Kinetic parameters including the frequency factors and activation energy were also determined using three methods (glow curve analysis, initial rise, and peak shape method) and were thoroughly interpreted. In addition, the incorporation of Dy impurities into LB enhanced the thermoluminescence sensitivity ~170 times. The glow from LB:Dy appeared as a single prominent peak at 190°C. The best annealing proceeding was obtained at 300°C for 30 min. Signal stability was reported for a period of 1 and 3 months with a reduction of 26% and 31%, respectively. The proposed glass samples showed promising dosimeter properties that can be recommended for personal radiation monitoring.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium Compounds/chemistry*
  10. The cascade to a serendipitous discovery of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
    Chandrasekaran PK, Yan Qi OW, O Brien FM
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2021 Dec;66:102884.
    PMID: 34740125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102884
    Lithium therapy is a common treatment for affective disorders and is widely regarded as a lifesaving drug. However, because its elimination is almost wholly unchanged via the kidneys, both acute and long-term adverse effects relating to toxicity may occur, including declining renal function and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI). DI may be difficult to detect and is frequently preceded by dehydration and which, in our patient, was discovered by chance. We describe a case of an elderly woman on chronic lithium therapy for bipolar affective disorder who initially presented with dehydration from vomiting but possibly developed extra-pontine myelinolysis (EPM) after over-zealous correction of hyponatraemia. Steroids administered appeared to have prevented further progression but a persisting hyperosmolar state then alerted us to the presence of nephrogenic DI. Although both conditions were later successfully reversed with no obvious chronic sequelae, the recovery of the patient was protracted. Clinicians should be vigilant for complications of managing dehydration states in people prescribed with lithium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/adverse effects
  11. Fulltext DEVELOPMENT OF BATTERY MONITORING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER
    NURUL FITRIYAH ROSLAN, WAN MARIAM WAN MUDA
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):41-50.
    MyJurnal
    Battery Monitoring System (BMoS) is an electronic system that monitors rechargeable battery cells or packs with various parameters, such as battery voltage, current and State-of-Charge (SoC). This system can be used to avoid overcharging or over-discharging of batteries to increase its shelf life. However, BMoS on the market is very expensive and not suitable for low cost embedded systems. As the Arduino Uno is widely used for low cost microcontroller boards, easy programming environment, and open-source platforms for building electronic projects, therefore, this study focuses on Arduino Uno BMoS based system. This system consists of current and voltage sensors, an Arduino Uno microcontroller and a liquid crystal display (LCD). In order to develop this system, there are three objectives to be achieved. First, the relationship between input and output of the sensors must be derived mathematically. The mathematical expression obtained can be verified by connecting and disconnecting the circuit with load and monitoring the value of output sensors. Then, a complete prototype of the BMoS was developed by connecting the LCD, current and voltage sensors to the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The complete prototype was tested using an 11.1 V of Lithium-ion battery and a DC motor as a load. From the results, the current sensor shows zero value when no load is connected as no current flow. The LCD also displays 11.1V of battery voltage when fully charged. Using the developed system, the user can monitor the current, the voltage and the SoC of the battery to ensure the battery is not overcharged and overused. The development of the BMoS can help to monitor the operation and performance of the batteries in any electronic systems. At the end of this study, the complete BMoS prototype gives benefits to the user and makes work easier.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium
  12. Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Correlates of Lithium Treatment for Bipolar Disorder in Asia
    Shuy YK, Santharan S, Chew QH, Lin SK, Ouyang WC, Chen CK, et al.
    J Clin Psychopharmacol, 2024 01 16;44(2):117-123.
    PMID: 38230861 DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001813
    BACKGROUND: As clinical practices with lithium salts for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) are poorly documented in Asia, we studied the prevalence and clinical correlates of lithium use there to support international comparisons.

    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of use and dosing of lithium salts for BD patients across 13 Asian sites and evaluated bivariate relationships of lithium treatment with clinical correlates followed by multivariate logistic regression modeling.

    RESULTS: In a total of 2139 BD participants (52.3% women) of mean age 42.4 years, lithium salts were prescribed in 27.3% of cases overall, varying among regions from 3.20% to 59.5%. Associated with lithium treatment were male sex, presence of euthymia or mild depression, and a history of seasonal mood change. Other mood stabilizers usually were given with lithium, often at relatively high doses. Lithium use was associated with newly emerging and dose-dependent risk of tremors as well as risk of hypothyroidism. We found no significant differences in rates of clinical remission or of suicidal behavior if treatment included lithium or not.

    CONCLUSIONS: Study findings clarify current prevalence, dosing, and clinical correlates of lithium treatment for BD in Asia. This information should support clinical decision-making regarding treatment of BD patients and international comparisons of therapeutic practices.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/therapeutic use; Lithium Compounds/therapeutic use
  13. ATR-FTIR studies on ion interaction of lithium perchlorate in polyacrylate/poly(ethylene oxide) blends
    Sim LH, Gan SN, Chan CH, Yahya R
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2010 Aug;76(3-4):287-92.
    PMID: 20444642 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.09.031
    The interaction behaviours between components of polyacrylate (PAc)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO(4)) were investigated in detail by Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)-Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Solution cast films of the PAc/PEO and PAc/PEO/LiClO(4) were examined. No obvious shifting of the characteristic ether and ester group stretching modes of PEO and PAc was observed, indicating incompatibility of the binary PAc/PEO blend. The spectroscopic studies on the PAc/PEO/LiClO(4) blends reveal that Li(+) ions coordinate individually to the polymer components at the ether oxygen of PEO and the C-O of the ester group of PAc. Frequency changes observed on the nu(C-O-C) and omega(CH(2)) of PEO confirm the coordination between PEO and Li(+) ions resulting in crystallinity suppression of PEO. The absence of experimental evidence on the formation of PEO-Li(+)-PAc complexes suggests that LiClO(4) does not enhance the compatibility of PAc/PEO blend.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium Compounds/chemistry*
  14. Rapid and effective method of RNA isolation from green microalga Ankistrodesmus convolutus
    Thanh T, Omar H, Abdullah MP, Chi VT, Noroozi M, Ky H, et al.
    Mol Biotechnol, 2009 Oct;43(2):148-53.
    PMID: 19507070 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9182-8
    The rapid and effective method for the isolation of RNA from green microalga Ankistrodesmus convolutus based on homogenization in a simple CTAB buffer and selective precipitation of RNA with lithium chloride is developed. This procedure avoids the use of toxic chaotropic agents and phenol while high concentration of dithiothreitol is used to inhibit RNase activity and prevent oxidative cross-linking of nucleic acids by phenolics. The extraction procedure was able to produce high quality and intact RNA from A. convolutus. The yield of total RNA was 0.69-0.73 mg/g of fresh weight, with A(260)/A(280) ratio of 1.79-1.86. The obtained RNA was of sufficient quality and suitable for downstream application such as RT-PCR and cDNA library construction. The procedure may also have wider applicability for total RNA isolation from other green microalgae species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium Chloride/chemistry*
  15. FT-IR studies on interactions among components in hexanoyl chitosan-based polymer electrolytes
    Winie T, Arof AK
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2006 Mar 1;63(3):677-84.
    PMID: 16157506
    Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic studies have been undertaken to investigate the interactions among components in a system of hexanoyl chitosan-lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF(3)SO(3))-diethyl carbonate (DEC)/ethylene carbonate (EC). LiCF(3)SO(3) interacts with the hexanoyl chitosan to form a hexanoyl chitosan-salt complex that results in the shifting of the N(COR)(2), CONHR and OCOR bands to lower wavenumbers. Interactions between EC and DEC with LiCF(3)SO(3) has been noted and discussed. Evidence of interaction between EC and DEC has been obtained experimentally. Studies on polymer-plasticizer spectra suggested that there is no interaction between the polymer host and plasticizers. Competition between plasticizer and polymer on associating with Li(+) ions was observed from the spectral data for gel polymer electrolytes. The obtained spectroscopic data has been correlated with the conductivity performance of hexanoyl chitosan-based polymer electrolytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/chemistry; Lithium Chloride/chemistry
  16. Monitoring of lithium therapy
    Aishah AB, Foo YN
    Malays J Pathol, 1995 Jun;17(1):43-5.
    PMID: 8907005
    Results of serum lithium performed in the Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, over a years' period (June 1991 till May 1992) formed the subject of study. A total of 277 tests were carried out on 148 patients, giving a frequency of about 23.1 tests per month. Complete data regarding age, sex and ethnic group was available for 140 subjects. There were 74 males and 66 females. Racial distribution was 72 Malays, 42 Chinese and 26 Indians. Their ages ranged from 15 to 80 years. One hundred and twenty-three subjects (87.6%) were within the 3rd to 5th decade of life. 136/277 (49.1%) of serum lithium levels were less than 0.6 mmol/l and 24/277 (8.7%) gave results greater than 1.0 mmol/l. Only 6 tests gave values which exceeded 2 mmol/l. This study reveals the need to conduct a prospective study to determine the underlying cause of the high incidence of low serum lithium levels and whether this situation is associated with a satisfactory treatment response in the said population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/administration & dosage; Lithium/blood*; Lithium/therapeutic use
  17. Study of Structural and Luminescence Properties of Lead Lithium Borophosphate Glass System Doped with Ti Ions
    Leow T, Leong P, Eeu T, Ibrahim Z, Hussin R
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:929-934.
    Study of a series of lead lithium borophosphate glass samples was performed to determine the structural and luminescence properties. The glass samples containing the composition of 20Pb0-xLi20-30B 20 3-(50-x)P 20 5-2TiO 2 (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20) system were prepared using melt-quenching technique. The Pb0-Li20-B 20 3-P20 5-Ti0 2 samples were investigated for structural properties using Fourier transform infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopy for studies of luminescence properties. The results from FTIR showed the presence of trigonal and tetrahedral PO4' PO3, BO4 and B03 groups within the host network structure. The samples exhibit luminescence emission centered at 420, 482 and 496 nm when excited at 300 nm wavelength. The emission peak at 420 nm were assigned to F center emission and charge-transfer transition of Ti4+ ions. The results showed that emission intensity was dependent on lithium contents in Ti-doped lead lithium borophosphate glass composition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium
  18. Ionic conductivity of PEMA-LiClO4 polymer electrolytes
    Amir S, Othman R, Subban R, Mohamed N
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    Solid polymer electrolytes comprised of various weight percent ratios of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) salt were prepared via solution casting technique using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent. The conductivity values of the electrolytes were determined via impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity of the PEMA-LiClO4 electrolytes increased with increasing salt concentration and the highest conductivity obtained was in the order of 10-6 S cm-1 at salt concentration of 20 wt%. The conductivity decreased for higher salt concentration. In order to understand the conductivity behavior, XRD and dielectric studies were done. The results showed that the conductivity was influenced by the fraction of amorphous region and number of charge carriers in the system. The transference number measurement was also performed on the highest conducting electrolyte systems. The result of the measurement indicated that the systems were ionic conductors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium Compounds
  19. Thermoluminescence responses of photon- and electron-irradiated lithium potassium borate co-doped with Cu+Mg or Ti+Mg
    Alajerami YS, Hashim S, Ramli AT, Saleh MA, Saripan MI, Alzimami K, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2013 Aug;78:21-5.
    PMID: 23644162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.095
    New glasses Li2CO3-K2CO3-H3BO3 (LKB) co-doped with CuO and MgO, or with TiO2 and MgO, were synthesized by the chemical quenching technique. The thermoluminescence (TL) responses of LKB:Cu,Mg and LKB:Ti,Mg irradiated with 6 MV photons or 6 MeV electrons were compared in the dose range 0.5-4.0 Gy. The standard commercial dosimeter LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) was used to calibrate the TL reader and as a reference in comparison of the TL properties of the new materials. The dependence of the responses of the new materials on (60)Co dose is linear in the range of 1-1000 Gy. The TL yields of both of the co-doped glasses and TLD-100 are greater for electron irradiation than for photon irradiation. The TL sensitivity of LKB:Ti,Mg is 1.3 times higher than the sensitivity of LKB:Cu,Mg and 12 times less than the sensitivity of TLD-100. The new TL dosimetric materials have low effective atomic numbers, good linearity of the dose responses, excellent signal reproducibility, and a simple glow curve structure. This combination of properties makes them suitable for radiation dosimetry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium Compounds/radiation effects*; Lithium Compounds/chemistry*
  20. Fulltext Long term lithium therapy in Malaysia
    Ngen CC, Cheong IK
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):199-203.
    PMID: 2626134
    Ten patients on long term lithium therapy (mean four years, range 1-10.5 years) were subjected to various renal, thyroid, haematological, cardiac and endocrine tests. There was impaired urinary concentrating ability in seven subjects, which was not responsive to vasopressin stimulation, suggesting a partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Nine subjects had metabolic acidosis with higher urinary pH than expected suggesting presence of acidification defect in the kidney. No significant change in renal function, thyroid function, ECG or haematological parameters were detected. Our findings concur with previous reports from the West regarding the safety of lithium administration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lithium/adverse effects*; Lithium/therapeutic use
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